An Assignment

On
CAD CAM LAB

Submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of the award of the degree

Master of Business Administration

Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekananda Technical University, Bhilai

Submitted by, Guided By,

<SHAILJA MISHRA> <AARTI SAHU>
MBA- Semester <I>
(Session <2018-20>

Approved By,
<Dr. MANOJ VERGHESE>
(Head of Department)

Department of Management Studies

Rungta College of Engineering & Technology
Kohka, Kurud Road, Bhilai (C.G.)
 DECLARATION

I Shailja Mishra the undersigned solemnly declare that the report of the thesis work

entilted CAM Lab practical is based on my own work carried out during the course of

my study under the supervision of Ms Arti Sahu

I assert that the statements made and conclusion drawn are an outcome of my

research work.I further declare that to the best of my knowledge and belief the report

does not contain any part of any work which has been submitted for the award of

MBA degree or any other degree/diploma/certificate in this University of India or

aboard.

(Signature)
Shailja Mishra
Enrolment No. BF3047
 CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the work incorporated in the thesis Cad Cam Lab is a work
carried out by Shailja Mishra bearing Enrolment no. BF3047 under my/our guidence
and supervision for the part fulfillment for the award of MBA Degree of
Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekanand Technical University, Bhilai (C.G), India.

To the best of my knowledge and belief the thesis

I. Embodies the work of the candidate him/herself

II. Has duly been completed
III.Is up to the desired standard both in respect of contents and language for
external viva

Signature

Dr. Manoj Verghese

Head of the Department

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Complete task is never a man effort.It is often the result of valuable contribution of
the numbers of individuals in accomplishing the assigned work.

I would like to express my gratitude towards Dr. Manoj Verghese and Ms. Arti Sahu
of Rungta College of Engineering and Technology, Bhilai(C.G) for their kind
coorporation and encouragement which helped me in the completion of this project.

I am highly indebted to Dr. Manoj Verghese and Ms. Arti Sahu for their guidence and
constant supervision as well as for providing necessary information regarding the
project and also for their support in completing the project.
Q1. Discuss in detail about Generations of Computers and
Computer Languages

Ans. Computers are such an integral part of our everyday life now most people take
them what they have added to life totally for granted.

Even more so the generation who have grown from infancy within the global destop
and laptop revolution since the 1980s.

The history of the computer goes back several decades however and there are five
definable generation of computers.

Each generation is defined by the significant technological development that changes

fundamentally how computers operates- leading to more compact, less expensive, but
more powerful, efficient and robust machines.

1940-1956: First Generation-Vaccum Tubes

These early computers used vaccum tubes as circuits and magnetic drums for
memory. As a result they were enormous,litreally taking up entire rooms and costing
a fortune to run.These were insufficient materials which generated a lot of heat which
caused ongoing breakdowns.

These first generation computers relied on machinea language.

The two notable machine of this era were the UNIVAC and ENIAC machines- the
UNIVAC is the first every commercial which was purchases in 1951 by a business-
the US Census Bureau.

1956-1963: Second Generation – Transistors

The replacement of vaccum tubes by transistors saw the advent of the second
generation of computing.Although first invented in 1947, transistors weren't used
significantly in computers until the end of the 1950s. They were a big improvement
over the vaccum tube, despite still subjecting computers to damaging levels of heat.
However they were hugely superior to the vaccum tubes, making computers smaller,
faster,cheaper and less heavy on electricity use.They still relied on purchased card for
input/printouts.

The language evolved from cryptic binary language to symbolic languages. These
meant programmers could create instructions in words.About the samething high
level programming languages were being developed. Transistor- driven machines
were the first computers to store instructions into their memories- moving from
magnetic drum to magnetic core “technology”.

1964-1971: Third Generation- Integrated Circuits

By this phase,transistors were now being miniaturized and put on silicon chips. This
led to a massive increase in speed and efficiency of these machines.These were the
first computer where users interacted using keyboards and monitors which interfaced
with an operating system, a significant leap up from the punch cards and printouts.
This enabled these machines to run several applications at once using a central
program which functioned to monitor memory.

As a result of these advances which again made machines cheaper and smaller, a new
mass market of users emerged during the 60s.

1972-2010: Fourth Generation- Microprcessors

This revolution can be summed in one words;Intel. The chip-maker develped the intel
4004 chip in1971, which positioned all computer components on to a single chip.
What filled a room in 1940s now fit the palm of the hand.The intel chip housed
thousands of integrated circuits.The year 1981 saw the Macintosh introduced by
Apple. Microprocessor even moved beyond the realm of computers and into an
increasing number of everyday products.

These increased power of these small computers meant they could be linked ,
creating network, which ultimately led o the development,birth and rapid evolution of
the internet. Other major advances during this period have been the Graphical User
Interface(GUI), the mouse and more recently the astounding advances in laptop
capability advances in laptop capability and hand-held devices.

2010: Fifth Generation- Artificial Intelligence

Computer devices with artificial intelligence with intelligence are skill in

development, but some of this technologies are beginging to emerges and be used
such as voice recognition.

All is a reality made possible by using parallel processing and superconductors.

Learning to the future, computers will be readically transformed again by quantum
computation, molecular and nana technology.

The essence of fifth generation will be using this technologies to ultimately create
machines which can process and respond to natural language and have capability to
learn and organise themselves.
Computer Language

Computer languages refers to:

 Programming language, a formal language designed to communicate

instructions to a machine, particularly a computer
 Command Language, a language used to contrl the tasks of the computer
itself,such as starting other programmes
 Machine Language or machine code, a set of instruction executed directly by
a computer's central processing unit.
 Markup Language, a grammer for annotating a document in a way that is
systematically distinguishable from the text, such as HTML.
 Style Sheet Language, a computer language that express the presentation of
structured documents, such as CSS.
 Configuration Language, a language used to configuration files.
 Construction Language, a general category that includes configrution
language and programming language.
 Quary Language, a language used to make quarries in database and
information systems.
 Modeling Language, a formal language used to express information or
knowledge, often for use in computer system design.
Q2. Explain about Operating System and its types. Discuss
about DOS OS.

Ans. An operating system(OS) is system software that manages computer hardware

and software resources and provides common services for computer program.

Time-sharing operating system scheduled task for efficient use of the system and may
also include accounting software for cost allocation of processor time,mass
storage,printing and other resources.
For hardware function such asinput and output and memory allocation ,the operating
system acts as an intermediary between programs and the computer hardware,
although the application code is usually executed directly by the hardware and
frequently make system call to an OS function or is interrupted by it. Operating
systems is found on many devices that contain vedio game console to web server and
supercomputers.

Types of Operating System

➢ Simple Batch System:

1. In this type of system,there is no direct interaction between user and the
computer.
2. The user had to submit a job to a computer operator.
3. Then computer operator places a batch of several job on an input device.
4. Jobs are batched together by type of languages and requirement.
5. Then a special program,the monitor manages the execution of each
program in the batch.
6. The monitor is always in the main memory and available for execution.
➢ Multi programming Batch System
1. In this the operating system picks up and begins to execute one of the
jobs from memory.
2. Once the job need an I/O operation operating systemswitches to another
job.
3. Jobs in the memories always less than the numbers of job on disk.
4. In Non-multi programmed system, there are moments when CPU sits idle
and does not do any work.
5. In Multiprogramming system, CPU will never bridle and keeps on
processing.
➢ Time- Sharing System:
Timesharing system are very similar to Multiprogramming batch sysytems. In
fact time sharing systems are an extension of multi programming systems.In time
sharing systems the print focus is on minimizing the response time,while in multi
programming the prime focus is to maximize the CPU usage.
➢ Multiprocessor System:
A multiprocessor system consist of several processors that share a
common physical memory.In Multiprocessor provide highder computing speed
and power. In multiprocessor system all processor operates under single
operating system. Multiplicity of the processor and how they do act together
are transparent to others.
➢ Real Time Operating System:
It is an OS where there are number of possibly unrelated external
activities to be controlled by a single processor system. In system a hierarical
intrupt system was coupled with process prioritization to ensure that key
activites we given a greater share of available process time.
➢ Network Operating System:
A network operating system(NOS) is software that controls a
network and its message traffic and queues controll access by multiple users to
network resource such as files and provides for certain administrative
functions,including security.
➢ Distributed Operating System:
Distributed system are very much like traditional operating systems.
First,they act as aresource managers for the underlying hardware,allowing multiple
users and application to share resources such as CPU,memories,peripherical devices
the network and of all kinds.Second,and perhaps more important is that distributed
system attempts to hide the intricacies and heterogeneous nature of the underlying
haedware by providing a virtual machine on which application can be easily
executed.

DOS(Disk Operating System) is an operating system that runs from a hard disk drive.
The term can also refer to a particular family of disk operating system,most
commonly MS-DOS(Microsoft Disk Operating System)

Disk operating system is also used to describe several very similar command line disk
operating systems.PC-DOC(Personal Computer Disk Operating System) was the first
widely installed disk operating system used in personal computers running on intel
8086 16-bit processors. It wasdeveloped for IBM by Microsoft Corporation, which
also produced its own almost identical version called MS-DOS. Other computers at
the time,such as the Commodore 64, Atari 800, and Apple II,all featured a disk
operating system,CBM DOS, Atari DOS and Apple DOS,respectively.

When Microsoft first introduced windows as a graphical user interface(GUI) for MS-
DOS, early users had to type “WIN” in the DOS prompt to launch a windows
program. Windows has since evolved from being a GUI program running under DOS
to a full operating system taking over as a default OS, through it was not until
Window XP that consumer versions of Windows stopped relying on the DOS
program win. com to bootstrap the windows kernel.

The last retail version of MS-DOS was MS-DOS 6.22. After this release, MS-DOS
was still bundled as a part of Windows, but no longer required a seperate license. It
can still be run under Windows using the Command Prompt program. There is an
open source version of DOS called Free DOS which is based on and compatible with
MS-DOS.
Q3. What is MS-Office. Discuss about MS-Word, MS-
Powerpoint & MS-Excel along with important commands.

Ans. Microsoft office is an office suite of applications,servers,and services developed

by Microsoft. It was first announced by Bill Gates on 1 August, 1988, at COMDEX
in Las Vegas. Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Powerpoint. Over the
years, Office application have grown substanisally closer with shared features such as
common spell checker, OLE data integrated and visual basic for application scripting
language. Microsoft also position office as development plateform for line of
business Application brand.

1. Microsoft Word: A word processor included in Microsoft office and some

editions of the now- discontinued Microsoft Works. The first version of the
Word, released in the autumn of 1983, was for the MS-DOC operating system
and had the distinction of introducing the mouse to be a board population.
Word 1.0 could be purchased with a bundled mouse, through none was
required. Following the precedents of Lisa Write and MacWrite, Word for
Macintosh attempted to add closer WYSIWYG features into its package. Word
2007, however,deprecated this format in favour of Office Open XML,which
was later standardiesd by Ecma International as an open format. Microsoft
word is the component of the Microsoft Office suite of productivity software,
but can also be purchased as a stand- alone product.

It was initially launched in 1983 and has been revised numerous times. Microsoft
Word is available for both Windows and Macintosh operating systems

Microsoft Word is often called simply Word or MS Word.

Bold: CTRL + B
Centre a paragraph: CTRL + E
Copy: CTRL+ C
Create a hanging indent: CTRL + T
Double space lines: CTRL + 2
Hanging Indent: CTRL + T
Help: F1
Increase the font size by 1 point: CTRL+ ]
Indent: CTRL + M
Italic: CTRL + I
Print: CTRL+ S
Select All: CTRL+A
Save: CTRL + S
MS-POWERPOINT

Microsoft Powerpoint is a presentation program,created by Robert Gaskins and

Dennis Austin at a software company named Forethought ,It was released on April
20,1987, initially for Macintosh computers only. Microsoft acquired Powerpoint for
$14 million three months after it appeared.

Powerpoint became a component of the Microsoft Office suite, first offered in 1989
for Macintosh and in 1990 for windows, which bundled several Microsoft app.
Beginning with Powerpoint 4.0(1994), Powerpoint was integrated into Microsoft
Office develpoment,and adopted shared common components and a converged user
interface.

Powerpoint's market share was very small at first, prior to introducing a version for
Microsoft Windows, but grew rapidly with the growth of windows and of office.
Since the late 1990s,Powerpoint's worldwide market share of presentation software
has been estimated at 95 percent.

Powerpoint was originally designed to provide visuals for group presentations within
business organisations, but has come to be very widely used in many other
communication situations,both in business and beyond.

Tabs
Microsoft Powerpoint is a robust program which is used to create many different
types of presentations, including charts and diagrams,flyers,invoices and much
more.Microsoft powerpoint has hundreds of commands they are looking for,
commands are organised onto eight main tabs:

1. Home.The Home tab includes commands for formatting presentations.

2. Insert. Use the Insert tab to insert tables,clip art,pictures,links,headers and
footers,and more
3. Design. Use Design tab to change your page setup,slide orientation ,fonts
backgroud styles and more.
4. Transitions. Use the Transition tab to add transition to a slide and to customize
transition effects.
5. Animations. Use the Animations tab to add animation to the text in a slide and
to manage the animation order.
6. Slide Show. Use the Slide Show tab to finalise the slide show details,timing
and more.
7. Review. Use the Review tab to check spelling,to collaborate by adding
comments and to access editors tools.
 8. View. Use the View tab to access the various presentation views and more.
Tool Tabs

In addition to the main tabs,there are numerous tool tabs which include less
commonly used commands. Individual tool used tabs are covered in details in the
advanced Microsoft Powerpoint class. For now you should know:

1. That they exist. Some of the main commonly used tool tabs are:
1. Smart Art
2. Chart
3. Drawing
4. Picture
5. Table
6. Header and Footer
2. That they will appear when you select commands which have related tools
tabs. For example, when you insert a table, two table- specific tool tabs appear:

1. Presentation Views
2. Master Views
3. Show
4. Zoom
5. Window
6. Macros

In some groups, you will see a button in the lower right corner next to the group
name. This is the dialog box launcher. Opening a group's dialog box you access to
additional commands associated with the group.

Microsoft Excel

It is spreadsheet developed by M icrosoft for Windows,macOS, Android and iOS.

Microsoft Excel has the basic features of all spreadsheets,using a grid of cells
arranged in numbered rows and letter- named columns to organise data manipulations
like arithmatic operations. It has a battery of supplied functions to answer
statistical,engineering and financial needs. It has a programming aspect,Visual Basic
For Applications,allowing a user to employ a wide variety of numerical methods, for
example, for solving differential equations of mathematical physics,and then
reporting the results back to the spreadsheet. It also has a variety of interactive
features allowing user interfaces that can completely hide the spreadsheet to the user,
so the spread sheet presents itself as so called application, or decision support
system(DSS),a custom- designed user interface, for example,a stock analyser, or in
general,as a designed tools that asks the user questions and provides answers and
reports. In a more elaborate realisation, an excel application can automatically poll
external databases and measuring instruments using an update scheduled, analyse the
results, make a Word report or Powerpoint slide show ,and email these presentations
on a regular basis to a list of participates. Excel was not designed to be used as a
database.

Command

In Excel, commands have the following characteristics:

• They perform action in the same way that users do.
• They can do anything a user can do such as, altering Excel settings,
opening,closing and editing documents,initiating recalculations,and so on.
• They can be setup to be called when certain trapped events occur.
• They can display dialog boxes and interact with the users.
• They can be linked to control objects so that they are called when some action
is taken on that object,such as left-clicking.
• They are never called by Excel during a recalculation.
• They cannot be called by function during a recalculation.

Functions
Functions in Excel do the following:
• They usually take arguments and always return a result.
• They can be entered into one or more cells as part of an Excel formula
• They can be used in defined name definitions.
• They can be used in conditional formatting limit and threshold expressions.
• They can be called by commands.
• They cannot call commands.
Excel makes a further distinction between user-defined worksheet functions and user-
defined functions that are designed to work on macro sheets. Excel does not limit
user-defined macro sheet functions only to being used on macro sheets: these
functions can be used anywhere a normal worksheet function can be used
 • Q4. How to create HTML documents? Also discuss
formatting in HTML.

Ans. Meaning of HTML:-

HTML is the standard markup language for creating Web pages.

• HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language.

• HTML describes the structure of Web pages using markup.
• HTML elementa are the building blocks of HTML pages.
• HTML elements are representated by tags.
• HTML tags label pieces of content such as “heading”, “paragraph”, “tables”
and so on.
• Browsers do not display the HTML tags, but use them to render the content of
the page.

Create Your HTML Document

Use one of the following two methods to create your new HTML document.
Method 1

1. Start Microsoft Word.

2. In the New Document task pane, click Blank Web Page under New.
3. On the File menu, click Save

NOTE: The Save as type box defaults to Web Page(*htm,*html).

4. In the File name box, type the file name that you want for your document, and
then click Save.

Method 2

1. Start Microsoft Word

2. Create a new blank document.

3. On the file menu, click Save as Web Page.

4. In the File name box, type the file name that you want your document, and
then click Save.
 Add Text and Hyperlinks to Your HTML Document

1. Open the HTML document that you created earlier in this article. To do this,
follow these steps:
On the File menu, click Open.
Browse to the location that you saved your article to, in the “Create Your
HTML Document”
Select the file and then click Open.

2. Type the following text into the document:

You can use Microsoft Word to create HTML documents as easily as you can create
normal Word documents.

3. To create a hyperlink, select the words “Microsoft Word” in the text that
you typed.
4. On the Insert menu, click Hyperlink.
5. In the Insert Hyperlink dialog box, type http://www.microsoft.com/word
in the Address box, and then click OK.
6. Save your changes to the document.

Add an Image to Your HTML Document

1. Place your insertion point where you want to place an image in your document.
2. On the Insert Clip Art task pane,click Search.
3. In the Insert menu, point to picture, and then Clip Art.
4. In the Results section, select the image that you want to insert into the page.
5. Save your changes and then close the document.

Open an HTML Document in word

1. On the File menu,click Open.

2. In the Open dialog box, locate the HTML document that you created earlier,
and then select it.
3. Click Open.

HTML FORMATTING

• <b>- Bold text

• <strong>- Important text
• <i>- Italic text
• <em>- Emphasized text
• <mark>- Marked text
• <small>- Small text
• < del>- Deleted text
• <ins>- Inserted text
• <sub>- Subscript text
• <sup>- Superscript text

HTML Text Formatting Element

Tag Description

<b> Define bold tecriptedxt

<em> Define emphasised text

<i> Define italic text

<small> Defines smaller text

<strong> Define important text

<sub> Defines subscripted text

<sup> Defines superscripted text

<del> Defines deleted text

<ins> Define inserted text

Q5. Write about application of Computers in Business.

Ans. In today's business climate, competitors may be as close as the next website or
email, message. One way to gain a competative advantage is to learn how computers
can help your business. You may know about email, accounting and word processing
programs,but other software exists that can increase productivity,attacts more
customers, reduce costs and save your time.

● Computers Facilites Communication

Email services, such as Yahoo and specialised services, like Hush Mail help
businesses send and receive electroic correspondense. Many online email
services also enable you to voice chat with others in the internet. Companies
can also use applications such as outlook to manage business mail,track events
and help employees schedule meetings.Skype, Google Hangouts and similar
programs give you the ability to hold remote vedio meetings with people from
around the world.Many of these communications platforms also work on smart
phones and tablets.

● Data Mining Benefits

Business often acquire and store massive amounts of information is relational

databases,spreadsheets,XML,files and other repositories. Learn to use data mining
techniques and you can tap into a valuable undiscovered source of business
intelligence. Data mining software businesses identify patterns and discover new
relationships in historical data.Although data mining can help small companies, it's
particularly useful for businesses with large amounts of complex data. Business that
use data mining can boost sales, acquire new customers, improve productions,
increase customer satisfaction and predict future business trends.

● Customer Relationship Management

Stand-alone software exists that can help business owners find,service and retail
customers.Modern CRM applications integrate many of this functions into a single
and unified system.Typical tasks that full-featured CRM apps perform inlcude contact
management,customer service and sales force automation.

Order Fulfillment.

Fulfilling orders can be a time-consuming task,because it may require the assistance

of people in accounting,the warehouse,inventory control and shipping departments.
Computers make it easier for businesses to automate and speed up time-consuming
order fulfillment application may use barcorde scanners to record product
information as a product moves from the warehouse to the shipping tracks. Order
fulfillment software can also tell you when to replenish your inventory.

Design and Graphics

You don't need to hire a professional graphic artist to create professional looking
graphics for your business. Tools,such as image editors and destop publishing
applications,can help novoice create Web buttons and banners,draw logos,create
marketing materials,enhance photos and produce newsletters.Programs, such as
Powerpoint and Open Office Impress,can help you create powerful business
presentations by clicking buttons and dragging your mouse. Video editing programs
also give you the power to produce your own company videos that you can use for
advertising and marketing. Computers can also connect you to the Internet where you
can download free graphics that you can customize.

Marketing and Advertising

There are several ways for businesses to advertise and market their services. Many
business owners use computers to tap into the power of social media sites,such as
Facebook and Twitter. In addition to advertising products and services on these
sites,business can use software to design and manage email marketing campaigns that
target potential customers.

Using Computers to Manage People

Human Resources software can help businesses do everything from find potential
employees to discipline them when problems occur. By storing employee information
in a central repository,HR applications also make it easier for HR personal to track
emplyee performance,maintain information about benefits and communicate with
employees efficiently. Many HR apps also give HR managers the to generate reports
that profile specific emplyees.

Computer Administration

Regardless of the size of your business, it's important to keep your computers secure.
If you have a large company,ensure that your IT department has the skills necessary
to set up users, install software and keep your network safe. If you have a small
office,assign an administrator to manage your computers.