BRIDGE FOUNDATION: CASE STUDY ON NH 3 FLYOVER FOUNDATION.

A
Seminar Report
On
“BRIDGE FOUNDATION:

CASE STUDY ON NH 3 FLYOVER FOUNDATION.”

In the partial fulfillment of the requirement for Bachelor Degree in Civil Engineering
Submitted by
Patel Vedant Sachin
(T150290034)

Guided by

Dr. S. J. Kadbhane

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

Nashik District Maratha VidyaPrasarakSamaj’s

KARMAVEER ADV. BABURAO GANPATRAO THAKARE,
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING,
NASHIK -13

SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY

(2018-2019)

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 BRIDGE FOUNDATION: CASE STUDY ON NH 3 FLYOVER FOUNDATION.

Nashik District Maratha VidyaPrasarakSamaj’s

KARMAVEER ADV. BABURAO GANPATRAO THAKARE,
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING,
NASHIK -13
SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY, PUNE

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the following students have satisfactorily carried out T.E. Seminar work
entitled “bridge foundation: case study on nh3 flyover foundation.”,
This work is being submitted for the award of degree of Bachelor of Civil Engineering. It is
submitted in the partial fulfillment of the prescribed syllabus of Savitribai Phule Pune
University, Pune for the academic year 2018 – 2019
T150290034 Patel Vedant Sachin

Name of Guide
Dr. S. J. Kadbhane

Dr. M. P. Kadam
(HOD Civil Engineering) (Principal)

External Examiner

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 BRIDGE FOUNDATION: CASE STUDY ON NH 3 FLYOVER FOUNDATION.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It is indeed a great pleasure to express my sincere gratitude to all those who helped me in
execution of this seminar. No serious and lasting achievement or success one can ever
achieve without the help of friendly guidance and co-operation of so many people involved in
the work.

I am extremely thankful to Dr. M. P. Kadam, Head of Civil Department, for permitting me to

undertake this work. I express my heartfelt gratitude to my respected guide Dr. S. J.
Kadbhane for his kind and invaluable advice which helped me to understand the subject and
its semantic significance. He enriched me with valuable suggestions regarding my topic and
presentation issues. Finally, I would like to appreciate the firm which provided me with
required guidance and material for executing my seminar.

I am also very thankful to all my colleagues who helped and co-operated with me in
conducting the seminar by their active participation.

Patel Vedant Sachin

(T150290034)

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 BRIDGE FOUNDATION: CASE STUDY ON NH 3 FLYOVER FOUNDATION.

PREFACE

I have made this report file on the topic Bridge Foundation: Case Study on NH3 Flyover
Foundation.

I have tried my best to elucidate all the relevant detail to the topic to be included in the report.
While in the beginning I have tried to give a general overview about foundation structures
and different types of foundations. My efforts and wholehearted co-operation of each and
every one has ended on a successful note.

I express my sincere gratitude to Dr. S. J. Kadbhane who guided me throughout the

preparation of this report. I thank him for providing me the required knowledge and guiding
me through the right track for the topic whenever I needed it.

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 BRIDGE FOUNDATION: CASE STUDY ON NH 3 FLYOVER FOUNDATION.

Abstract

To reduce traffic congestion at an at-grade intersection near a growing city, one method is
construction a flyover bridge at the old junction in two directions on one of the main
highways. The flyover facilitates the traffic flow in the directions of the bridge, but the
infrastructure cannot fully solve all of the problems especially on the secondary road. Under
the bridge, although it relieves the traffic congestion at the intersection; the traffic signal still
uses the same control as the “before” situation, that is the fixed time control plan. With the
flyover bridge in place, it was found that about 30-35% of all traffic volumes diverted to the
bridges, and time delay reduced by 30% over the same period.

The foundation required for the construction of a flyover bridge is studied and explained in
this report. For the construction of the NH3 flyover bridge pile foundation is used. So, the
necessary details used for the design of pile foundation and the necessary geotechnical
studies required before constructing the pile foundation are studied in this report. Estimation
of the geotechnical engineering and geological conditions of the ground is an essential aspect
in design of pile foundations and the calculation of pile capacity and settlement. The bore log
details provided by the firm is also attached to this report.

Further, the axial load carrying capacity and the moment carrying capacity of the pile is also
calculated in accordance to IRC-78, 2014. These calculations are based on the geotechnical
studies carried out on the site.

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 BRIDGE FOUNDATION: CASE STUDY ON NH 3 FLYOVER FOUNDATION.

CONTENTS

Certificate ii
Acknowledgement iii
Contents iv
List of Tables x
List of Figures xiv
Abbreviations xv
Chapter 1: Introduction………………………………………………….. 1
Chapter 2: Literature Review……………………………………….. 10
2.1 General…………………………………………………………………. 13
2.2 Distilleries: Their Origin and Importance………………………… 14
2.2.1 Different Processes at Sugar and Distillery Industries…………….. 16
2.2.2 Processes at Distilleries…………………………………… 17
2.2.3 Characteristics of Distillery Effluent and The Main Contaminants 20
Available in The Effluent…………………………………………….
Conclusions………………………………………………… 192
References…………………………………………. 196

List of Figures
Figure No. Title Page No.
2.1 Outline of Sugar Manufacturing…………………………………… 16
2.2 Process Description of Distillery………………………….. 19
2.3 Schematic Diagram of An Up Flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket
32
(UASB) Reactor……………………………………
2.4 Schematic Representation of The Course of Anaerobic Methane
36
Generation …………………………….
List of Tables
Table No. Title Page No.

2.1 Distillery Wastewater From Various States of India……………….. 15

2.2 Distillery Spent Wash Characteristics………………………. 21

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 BRIDGE FOUNDATION: CASE STUDY ON NH 3 FLYOVER FOUNDATION.

2.3 Performance of UASB Reactors For Distillery Wastewater 28

Treatment…..

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BRIDGE FOUNDATION: CASE STUDY ON NH 3 FLYOVER FOUNDATION.

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction of the Seminar Work
1.2 Problem Statement
1.3 Objectives
1.4 Scope of the Seminar Work

CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Preamble / Introduction / Opening remark
2.2 Literature pertaining to topic (in table format, Refer page No. 13)
2.3 Concluding remarks on literature review

CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction/ Opening Remark
3.2 Methodology (Flowchart)
3.2 Detail methodology – which should elaborate
OR
CHAPTER 3
DEVELOPMENT OF MODEL(S)
(If methodology is developed with aid of soft computing tools. It shall include a flow
chart and then detailed methodology of the Seminar work)
OR
CHAPTER 3
DESIGN OF …….. (If design based Seminar work)

CHAPTER 4
EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS
(If Seminar work is based on experimental work)

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 BRIDGE FOUNDATION: CASE STUDY ON NH 3 FLYOVER FOUNDATION.

OR
CHAPTER 4
CASE STUDY
(If methodology is developed with aid of soft computing tools or design based
Seminar work)
CHAPTER 5
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
(If Seminar work is based on experimental work)
OR
CHAPTER 5
MODEL APPLICATIONS, RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
(If Seminar work is done with aid of soft computing tools or fabricated model)
OR
CHAPTER 5
DATA COLLECTION &ANALYSIS
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Data collection
5.3 Analysis methods, Models, Graphs, Charts, Tables, derivation pertaining
toobjectives, own experimental work.
OR
CHAPTER – 6
CONCLUSION
7.1 Point wise conclusion as per the objectives defined.
7.2 Future scope of the work

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 BRIDGE FOUNDATION: CASE STUDY ON NH 3 FLYOVER FOUNDATION.

REFERENCES
Sr. No., Name of Author/s (Initial and Surname), “Title of Paper”, Name of Journal,
Volume No., Page No., Year.
[1] A. Kanellopoulos, D. Nicolaides, and M. F. Petrou, “Mechanical and durability
properties of concretes containing recycled lime powder and recycled aggregates,”
Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 53, pp. 253–259, 2014.
[2] A. A. Ramezanianpour and H. B. Jovein, “Influence of metakaolin as supplementary
cementing material on strength and durability of concretes,” Constr. Build. Mater., vol.
30, pp. 470–479, 2012.
[3] P. K. Acharya and S. K. Patro, “Effect of lime and ferrochrome ash ( FA ) as partial
replacement of cement on strength , ultrasonic pulse velocity and permeability of
concrete,” Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 94, pp. 448–457, 2015.
[4] N. S. Ismael, “Properties of blended cement using metakaolin and hydrated lime,” Adv.
Cem. Res. ICE, vol. 27, no. 6, pp. 321–328, 2015.

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 BRIDGE FOUNDATION: CASE STUDY ON NH 3 FLYOVER FOUNDATION.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR SEMINAR REPORT WRITING

It is important that the procedures listed below be carefully followed by all the students.
1. Page number: Times New Roman 12 Pt, right aligned.
2. Print the manuscript using
b. The main part of manuscript should be Times New Roman 12 pt. with alignment -
justified.
c. Use 1.5-line spacing.
d. Entire report shall be of 5- 7 chapters.
3. Size of Letters: Chapter Number: 14 font size in Capital Bold Letters, Chapter Name: 14 Font
size in Capital Bold Letters, Main Titles (1.1, 2.5 etc): 12 Font size in Bold Letters- Sentence
case, Sub Titles (1.1.5, 4.5.1 etc): 12 Font size in Bold Letters-Sentence case. All other matter: 12
Font size sentence case
4. Use the paper size A4. Please follow the margins given below.

Margin Location Sizes in Inches

Top 1’’
Left 1.25’’
Bottom 1’’
Right 1’’

5. Section/chapter titles should be bold with 14 pt. typed in all capital letters and should be
Center aligned.
6. Sub-Section headings should be aligning at the left with 12 pt., bold and Title Case (the first
letter of each word is to be capitalized).
7. Figure No. and Title at bottom with 12 pt., bold
 Figure name: in sentence case- below the figure (Format: Fig. 1.1: ……)
8. Table No. and Title at top with 12 pt., bold
 Table titles: in sentence case- above the table. (Format: Table 2.1: …….)
9. Please use SI system of units only.
10. Symbols and notations if any should be included in nomenclature section only.
11. Following will be the order of report
Sequence of pages:
 Front Cover Page

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 BRIDGE FOUNDATION: CASE STUDY ON NH 3 FLYOVER FOUNDATION.

 Blank Paper Front inside Page

 Certificate
 Acknowledgement
 Abstract
 Contents
 Notations
 List of Tables
 List of Figure
12. Abstract (A brief abstract of the report not more than 150 words. The heading of abstract i.e.
word “Abstract” should be bold, Times New Roman, 12 pt.and should be Centre aligned. Try
to include one or two sentences each on motive, method, key-results and conclusions in
Abstract

 Section Heading Style:

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction
1.1.1 Introduction
1.1.1.1 Introduction

12. All section headings and subheadings should be numbered. For sections use numbers 1, 2, 3,
….and for subheadings 1.1, 1.2, …. etc and section subheadings 2.1.1, 2.1.2, …. etc.
13. References should be given in the body of the text and well spread. No verbatim copy or
excessive text from only one or two references. If figures and tables are taken from any
reference, then indicate source of it. Please follow the following procedure for references
Reference Books
Collier, G. J. and Thome, J. R., Convective boiling and condensation, 3rd ed., Oxford University
Press, UK, 1996, pp. 110 – 112.
Papers from Journal or Transactions
Jung, D. S. and Radermacher, R., Transport properties and surface tension of pure and mixed
refrigerants, ASHRAE Trans, 1991, 97 (1), pp. 90 – 98.
Bansal, P. K., Rupasinghe, A. S. and Jain, A. S., An empirical correction for sizing capillary
tubes, Int. Journal of Refrigeration, 1996, 19 (8), pp.497 – 505.

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 BRIDGE FOUNDATION: CASE STUDY ON NH 3 FLYOVER FOUNDATION.

Papers from Conference Proceedings

Colbourne, D. and Ritter, T. J., Quantitative assessment of flammable refrigerants in room
air conditioners, Proc. of the Sixteenth International Compressor Engineering Conference
and Ninth International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference, Purdue University,
West Lafayette, Indiana, USA, 2002, pp. 34 – 40.
Reports, Handbooks etc.
United Nations Environmental Programme, Report of the Refrigeration, Air Conditioning
and Heat Pumps, Technical Option Committee, 2002, Assessment - 2002.
ASHRAE Handbook: Refrigeration, 1994 (Chapter 44)
Patent
Patent no, Country (in parenthesis), date of application, title, year.
Internet
www.(Site) [Give full length URL]

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 BRIDGE FOUNDATION: CASE STUDY ON NH 3 FLYOVER FOUNDATION.

Sr. Publication/ Year/ Vol. No./

Author/s Title of Paper Findings/ Deliverables
No. page No.
1 Sanne J.C. Characterization of International Journal of 1. In the first week the carbonation rate of the
Granneman, lime mortar additivated Architectural Heritage, Taylor ferrocyanide series is slightly lower than the other
Barbara with crystallization & Francis/ 2018/ 1-10 two. However, after two weeks all specimens
Lubelli& Rob modifiers have a comparable degree of carbonation.
P.J. Van Hees

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 Seminar title: Times New Roman 12, Bold, Italic, (Centrally aligned)

Use exactly this style of Header & footer.

Department of Civil Engineering, NDMVPS’s KBTCOE, Nashik. Page 15