Cambridge International Examinations

Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education

* 3 5 1 1 1 3 7 2 2 5 *

GEOGRAPHY 0460/11
Paper 1 May/June 2015
1 hour 45 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
Additional Materials: Ruler
Calculator

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your Centre number, candidate number and name in the spaces provided.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.

Write your answer to each question in the space provided. If additional space is required, you should use the
lined page at the end of this booklet. The question number(s) must be clearly shown.

Answer three questions.

The Insert contains Photograph A for Question 4.

The Insert is not required by the Examiner.
Sketch maps and diagrams should be drawn whenever they serve to illustrate an answer.

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

The syllabus is approved for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificate.

This document consists of 31 printed pages, 1 blank page and 1 Insert.

DC (KN/CGW) 95837/4
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QUESTION 1

1 (a) Study Fig. 1, which shows information about the distribution of the world’s population in 1950,
2000 and 2050 (estimated).

1950 2000 2050 (estimated)

Australasia Australasia Australasia
South America 0 North America 0 North America 0
North America % South America % Europe %
South America

Africa
Europe
75 Asia 25 75 Asia 25 75 Asia 25
Europe Africa Africa

50 50 50

Fig. 1

(i) In which continent is there the greatest percentage of the world’s population?
Asia
................................................................................ [1]

(ii) Name the continent where:

A the percentage of the world’s population decreased from 21% in 1950 to 12% in the
year 2000;
Europe
.........................................................................

B the percentage of the world’s population increased by the year 2000 but is likely to
decrease by 2050.
Asia
......................................................................... [2]

(iii) Explain why Africa’s percentage of the world’s population increased between 1950 and
2000.

I...........................................................................................................................................
think the population increased because of the
new transportation methods of the time made
...........................................................................................................................................
possible for foreigners to arrive to Africa in a
...........................................................................................................................................
fast and effective way, also because birth rate
...........................................................................................................................................
increased.
...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[3]

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(iv) The population has grown so much in some countries that they are now overpopulated.
Describe four problems caused by overpopulation.

Earth only produces a limited amount of resources but

1 ........................................................................................................................................

we are using them faster than earth can produce more.

...........................................................................................................................................

We are ruining our environment because there is a

2 ........................................................................................................................................
excess of pollution caused by us.
...........................................................................................................................................
There are more wars among us because there will
3 ........................................................................................................................................
be more conflicts if we are more people.
...........................................................................................................................................

4 There is going to be lots of unemployment

........................................................................................................................................
because there are not going to be enough
.......................................................................................................................................[4]
jobs for all of us.

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(b) Study Fig. 2, information about population distribution in Uganda.

30°E 31°E 32°E 33°E 34°E 35°E

4°N N SOUTH SUDAN 4°N

KENYA

3°N 0 40 80 3°N
km

DEM. REP.
OF
THE CONGO
2°N 2°N
Lake
Albert
Lake
Kyoga

1°N 1°N

Kampala
0° Equator 0°

Lake
Victoria

1°S 1°S
TANZANIA
RWANDA
30°E 31°E 32°E 33°E 34°E 35°E

Key

boundary of Uganda
population density
river with flow direction
high
city (urban area)
medium
capital city low
KENYA country

Fig. 2

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(i) Describe three features of the distribution of Uganda’s population.

Population density is high mostly in the

1 ........................................................................................................................................

peripheral areas.
...........................................................................................................................................
There is a low population density on the
2 ........................................................................................................................................
northernmost part of Uganda.
...........................................................................................................................................
There is a high population concentrated in the
3 ........................................................................................................................................
southern part of Uganda near Rwanda and
.......................................................................................................................................[3]

(ii)
Tanzania.
Explain how physical factors can influence population distribution.

...........................................................................................................................................

These factors such as climate and natural

...........................................................................................................................................
resources can affect the population distribution
...........................................................................................................................................
because people always look for fresh places
...........................................................................................................................................
near rivers or lakes with fertile land so these
...........................................................................................................................................
might be the reason most people are near lake
...........................................................................................................................................
victoria and lake Albert , also people look for
places near transportation methods, in these
...........................................................................................................................................

case the most of them should be in Kampala

...........................................................................................................................................

which is the capital city so that might be the

...........................................................................................................................................
reason many people live near or in that city.
.......................................................................................................................................[5]

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(c) For a named country you have studied, describe and explain changes in the population
structure.
Canada
Name of country ............................................

These country had a period of time in which the birth

...................................................................................................................................................
rate increased , these was good for a time because
...................................................................................................................................................
these children grew up and become economically
...................................................................................................................................................
active citizens which was good for the countries
...................................................................................................................................................
economy but the problem came afterwards because
...................................................................................................................................................
these adults stopped having children which became a
...................................................................................................................................................
problem when they grew old and stopped being
economically active because the country hadn’t young
...................................................................................................................................................

economically active citizens to handle their economy.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[7]

[Total: 25 marks]

END OF QUESTION 1

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TURN PAGE FOR QUESTION 2

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QUESTION 2

2 (a) Study Fig. 3, which shows information about settlement sizes in part of Mexico.

Zamora N
Jacona Villa Jiménez
Tangamandapio Purépero
Tangancicuaro Carapân Caurio
Tarécuato Patambán Chilchota
Ocumicho
Zacapu Naranja
Tinguindin Tanaco
Santiago Azajo
Pamatácuaro Cocucho
Ahuirán
Nurio Cherán Purenchecuaro
Santa Clara San Felipe
Paracho Erongaricuaro
Los Reyes Corupo San Quinceo Sevina
Lorenzo Capácuaro Pátzcuaro
Peribán Angahuan Tingambato Huiramangaro
Ziracuaretiro Zirahuen
URUAPAN Opopeo
Nuevo Zirimicuaro Villa
San Juan Escalante
Taretán
Pareo Tancitaro

Ario de Rosales
Parácuaro
Lambardia
Apatzingán
Buenos Aires
Antunez 0 25
Presa del Nueva
Rosario Italia km

Key
population over 200 000

urban areas (population 20 001 – 200 000)

urban areas (population 10 001 – 20 000)

population 2501–10 000

dispersed rural settlement

road

railway

Fig. 3

(i) Name a settlement shown on the map with a population of 20 001 to 200 000.
Los Reyes
.......................................................................................................................................[1]

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(ii) What is meant by:

A an area of dispersed rural settlement;

Rural areas which are far away from the main
....................................................................................................................................
cities and urban areas.
....................................................................................................................................

B an urban settlement?

urban area with a high population and very

....................................................................................................................................
developed.
................................................................................................................................[2]

(iii) Suggest three possible reasons for the growth of large settlements such as Uruapan.

there are many roads near which make it possible to

1 ........................................................................................................................................
arrive to almost everywhere.
...........................................................................................................................................

the railway is near it.

2 ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
there might be industries.
3 ........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[3]

(iv) To what extent is the area shown on Fig. 3 typical of a settlement hierarchy?
Explain your answer.
There are more small settlements than big
...........................................................................................................................................
settlements.
...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[4]

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(b) Study Fig. 4, which shows information about the distances a family travel to different types of
shops and leisure facilities.

Shopping Leisure
25 25

20 20

15 15
distance distance
(kms) (kms)
10 10

5 5

0 0
fu

sh

br

ci

bo alle

th g

re
ne
rn

ea

ea
ea

st
oe

w y

au
itu

lin
m
t

tre
d
s

ra
re

nt
Fig. 4

(i) Compare the distances travelled by the family for shopping with distances travelled for
leisure.
You should refer to data from Fig. 4.
People travel more distances in general for leisure
...........................................................................................................................................
activities such as cinema and bowling than to shop
...........................................................................................................................................
things such as furniture and shoes.
...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[3]

(ii) Explain why people are prepared to travel further for some shops and services than
others. Refer to examples from Fig. 4.
In the case of shopping these might be due to the
...........................................................................................................................................
importance and price of the of the thing they are buying ,
...........................................................................................................................................
for instance its not worthy to travel 20 kilometers to buy
...........................................................................................................................................
a bread that you can buy somewhere else even if it is
...........................................................................................................................................
more expensive while if you are planning on buying a
sofa you will look for the place where it has the least
...........................................................................................................................................
price and the best quality because these are something
...........................................................................................................................................
you are going to have for a long time and normally
...........................................................................................................................................
requires a lot of money to buy. In the case of leisure
...........................................................................................................................................
people travell more to the theater than other activities
...........................................................................................................................................
because all theaters are not the same , there could be a
special 3D theater further so people would travell for it.
.......................................................................................................................................[5]
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(c) For a shop or service in a named settlement you have studied, describe its location and
sphere of influence.

Name of settlement ....................................................

Shop or service ....................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[7]

[Total: 25 marks]

END OF QUESTION 2

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QUESTION 3

3 (a) Study Fig. 5, which shows a weather instrument.

temperature °C
dry bulb wet bulb
35 35
30 30
25 25
20 20
15 15
10 10
5 5
0 0
−5 −5
saturated lint
−10 −10

water

Fig. 5

(i) Identify the weather instrument shown in Fig. 5.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Explain how the weather instrument shown in Fig. 5 is used to work out relative humidity.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

(iii) Explain why the weather instrument shown in Fig. 5 is kept in a Stevenson Screen.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[3]

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(iv) Name two other weather instruments which are kept in a Stevenson Screen and for each
one state the weather characteristic it measures.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[4]

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(b) Study Fig. 6, wind roses for Tiree, an island off the west coast of Scotland, in March and
October 2013.

Month: Monitored daily at:

N

NW NE

W E

SW SE

Key
W number of days wind blew S
from that direction

The bars on both wind roses show the number of days when the wind was blowing
from that direction. Calm days were not recorded.

Month: Monitored daily at:

N

NW NE

W E

SW SE

Key
W number of days wind blew S
from that direction

Fig. 6

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(i) Describe the differences between the wind directions in Tiree in March and October.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[3]

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(ii) Explain how wind speed and direction measurements are obtained at a weather station.
You may include diagrams of the instruments used.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

[5]

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(c) Describe the impacts of a drought on an area or country you have studied.

Name of area or country ....................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[7]

[Total: 25 marks]

END OF QUESTION 3

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QUESTION 4

4 (a) Study Fig. 7, which shows a headland which is being changed by marine erosion.

Stage 1 Stage 2

B
A

Fig. 7

(i) What is meant by marine erosion?

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Identify features A and B on Fig. 7.

Feature A ......................................

Feature B ...................................... [2]

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(iii) Fig. 7 shows stages 1 and 2 in the formation of a headland. Stage 3 involves the formation
of a stack.

Draw stage 3 and label the stack and then explain how a stack forms.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[3]

(iv) Explain why some coastlines have headlands and bays.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[4]

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(b) Study Photograph A (Insert).

(i) Describe the features of the cliff shown in Photograph A.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[3]

(ii) Explain how different erosional processes shape cliffs.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[5]

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(c) For a coral reef at a named location you have studied, describe its main features and explain
its formation.

Location of coral reef ...........................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[7]

[Total: 25 marks]

END OF QUESTION 4

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QUESTION 5

5 (a) Study Fig. 8, which shows information about industry in Ghana (an LEDC).

GROUPS OF SECONDARY
INDUSTRIES N
GROUP 1
saw milling
E
furniture manufacturing
fruit canning
vegetable oil milling
GROUP 2
aluminium smelting
oil refining Lake
vehicle assembly Volta

G
chemicals

H
GROUP 3
A
X Y
leather tanning
meat processing N
A
abattoirs (slaughterhouses)

Key F
town (over 25 000
population)
railway
national boundary G
of Ghana
large dam and
HEP station imports exports
machinery cocoa
hardwoods clothing gold
fruit GULF crude oil diamonds
oil palm OF petroleum manganese
GUINEA products timber
cattle rearing bauxite
area & route to motor
market vehicles &
0 50 parts
bauxite mining medicines
area km

Fig. 8

(i) What is meant by secondary industry?

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

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(ii) On Fig. 8 there are three groups of towns in areas E, F and G. Three groups of industries
(1, 2 and 3) are shown in the table next to the map.

Match each group of towns with its industries by completing the table below.

Group of industries
Group of Towns
(1, 2 or 3)
E
F
G
[2]

(iii) Explain three advantages of the area south of the line X–Y for the growth of secondary
industry.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

3 ........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[3]

(iv) Describe two ways in which the employment structure of an LEDC, such as Ghana, is
likely to change as the country develops further. Suggest a reason for each change.

Change 1 ...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

Change 2 ...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[4]

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(b) Study Fig. 9, which shows information about industry.

INPUTS PROCESSES OUTPUTS

Fig. 9

(i) What is meant by the inputs, processes and outputs of a secondary industry?

Inputs ................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

Processes .........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

Outputs ..............................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[3]

(ii) Name and locate a manufacturing (or processing) industry you have studied.
Describe the processes which take place in this industry.

Name of manufacturing (or processing) industry ................................................

Location of manufacturing (or processing) industry ................................................

Processes which take place ..............................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[5]

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(c) Explain the location of high technology industries in a named area you have studied.

Name of area .........................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[7]

[Total: 25 marks]

END OF QUESTION 5

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QUESTION 6

6 (a) Study Fig. 10, which shows the results of a survey in the USA on global warming.

Some people say that global warming made each of the following events worse.
How much do you agree or disagree?

strongly agree agree disagree strongly disagree

Record high summer

temperatures in the USA in 2011

The drought in Texas and

Oklahoma in 2011

Mississippi River floods in the

spring of 2011

Record snowfalls in the USA in

2010 and 2011

Hurricane Irene

The East Coast earthquake in

the summer of 2011

0 50 100
% of respondents

Fig. 10

(i) Identify the event which the most people thought was made worse by global warming.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Which of the events listed in Fig. 10 is least likely to have been made worse by global
warming? Explain your answer.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

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(iii) List three human activities which make global warming worse.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

3 ........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[3]

(iv) Explain why many people are concerned about global warming.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[4]

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(b) Study Fig. 11, which shows information about pollution of the natural environment.

Sources of Types of
pollution pollution

Industry Air pollution

Energy Visual pollution

Transport Water pollution

Agriculture Noise pollution

Fig. 11

(i) Choose one source of pollution from Fig. 11 and explain how it causes pollution.

Source of pollution ............................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[3]

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(ii) Explain how the local environment might be affected by one type of pollution from
Fig. 11.

Type of pollution ................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[5]

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(c) For a named area which you have studied, describe attempts to maintain, conserve or
improve the natural environment.

Name of area .........................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[7]

[Total: 25 marks]

END OF QUESTION 6

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Additional Page

If you use the following lined page to complete the answer(s) to any question(s), the question number(s)
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