Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Networks
CPM – Critical Path Method
activities
• Established to achieve specific objective (s)
• Need leadership
Examples
4
Project Scheduling and Control Techniques
Stage 2 Solution
Step 1 Network construction
Step 2 Event Analysis
Step 3 Activity Analysis
b Hire personnel 4 a
c Obtain material 4 a
f Planning 6 c
g Assemble equipment 3 d, b
h Plan evaluation 1 e
i Oxygenation 12 f, g
Activity slack of all the critical activities must be zero indicating that critical
activities can not be delayed.
Program Evaluation
and Review Technique
(PERT)
⚫ PERT is based on the assumption that an activity’s duration
follows a probability distribution instead of being a single value.
⚫ Three time estimates are required to compute the parameters of
an activity’s duration distribution:
⚫ Pessimistic time (tp ) - the time the activity would take if all
the surrounding, environmental, social and economic factors
that affects the activity time will be against the project. So,
this will be the highest possible time to complete an activity.
⚫ Optimistic time (to ) - the time the activity would take if all the
factors will be in favor of the project. This is the minimum
possible time to complete an activity.
⚫ Most likely time (tm) - the time the activity would take under
normal condition that usually prevails. This is the time
estimate given by most of the experts.
17
Expected Time
to + 4 t m + tp
Mean (expected time): te =
6
A None 18 20 22 20
B A 8 10 12 10
C B 6 8 10 8
D A 10 11 12 11
E C,D 7 7 7 7
F E 4 6 8 6
G D 10 12 14 12
H E 11 13 15 13
I G,H 5 6 7 6
Using this PERT network, we will find the probability of completing the project in 60 days.
Calculating probability of project completion
A None
Requirements:
5 7 8
B
• DrawNone
a PERT network 6 8 12
C None 3 4 5
• Identify critical path
D A 11 17 25
• Compute the probability of completing the
E project B within 65 days.
8 10 12
F C, E 3 4 5
G D 4 8 9
H F 5 7 9
I G,H 8 11 17
J I 4 4 4
• The director wants to conduct the project 47
working days from now. What is the
probability that everything will be ready in
time?
CPM Analysis: Cost-Time Relationship
Normal Crash
Activity Slope
Time Cost Time Cost
1-2 8 3000 4 6000
1-3 5 4000 3 8000
2-4 9 4000 6 5500
3-5 7 2000 5 3200
2-5 5 8000 1 12,000
4-6 3 10000 2.5 11,200
5-6 6 4000 2 6800
6-7 10 6000 7 8700
5-7 9 4200 5 9000