Political Science

 The study of the state and its elements

 Branch of social science that deals with the theory and practice of
politics
 Description and analysis of political system
 Studies the different forms of government
 Study of Political Behavior

Politics
 It came from the Greek word “Polis” which means city or sovereign
state

Science
 It came from the Greek word “Scire” which means to know

Sovereign
 It means Free

Social Science
 Study of Society

3 Scopes of Political Science

1. Political Theory
 Deals with entire body of doctrine relating to the origin, form, behavior
and purposes of the state.
2. Public Law
 Deals with the organization of government
 Limitations upon government authority
 Deals with the powers and duties of government offices and officers
 Obligation of one state to another
3. Public Administration
 Focuses upon the methods and techniques used in the actual
management of the state affairs by the executive, legislative, and
judicial branches of the government.

Importance of Political Science

 Education for citizenship
 Essential part of Liberal Education
 Knowledge and understanding of the Government
Essential Elements of a State
1. People
 The inhabitants of the state
2. Territory
 Fixed space or portion of the Earth inhabited by the people of the
state
3. Government
 Agency wherein the will of the state is expressed formulated and
realized
4. Sovereignty
 Supreme power of the statement to command and enforce obedience
to its will from people within its jurisdiction and to have freedom from
foreign control

3 Components of Territory
 Terrestrial Domain
 Maritine and Flurvial Domain
 Aerial Domain

Process of Acquiring Territory

1. Conquest
2. Cession
 Bilateral Agreement
3. Accretion
 Artificially increasing the land area
4. Prescription
 Uninterrupted occupying
5. Discovery

Functions of the Government

1. Constituent Function
 Protect the rights and property of the people
2. Ministrant Function
 Advance the livelihood of its citizens

De Facto De Jure
 Illegal Government  Legal Government
Doctrine of Parens Patriae
 Government must set as a parent
Internal Sovereignty
 Power to rule to its citizens
External Sovereignty
 Free from external danger

4 Basic Theory of Origin of State

1. Divine Right Theory
 The state started on Divine Creation
 The ruler was pertained by God
2. Necessity or Force Theory
 The state was created by means of force and conquest
3. Paternalistic Theory
 The state started with a family
 Family to Tribe to Clan to Nation to State
4. Social Contract Theory
 The state started from an agreement

State
 A Political Concept
 A single political ideology
 Cannot be conquered
Nation
 An Ethnic Concept
 Same culture, Tradition or Language
 Can be conquered

3 Inherent Powers of a State

1. Police Power
 The power of the state that regulates liberty and property to promote
general welfare
2. Power of Eminent Domain
 The power of the state to acquire private property for public use
3. Power of Taxation
 The power of the Government to post taxes of demand from the
people their share of contribution for the maintenance of the
Government
 A State cannot exist without a Government but a Government can
exist without a State
Basic Forms of Government
1. As to the number of persons exercising sovereign power
 Monarchy
 Ruled by a King, Queen, or Emperor
 Absolute or Unlimited – Unlimited Power
 Constitutional or Limited – Limited Power
 Aristocracy or Oligarchy
 The power is vested to a privileged class
 Aristocracy – To help the citizens
 Oligarchy – For their own benefit
 Democracy
 The power is vested to the majority of the people
 Direct – Direct Participation
 Indirect – Indirect Participation

2. As to the extent of powers exercised by the central or national

government
 Unitary
 The Central Government supervises Local Government
 Power of General Supervision
 Federal
 Freedom of Local Government to Imply the Laws
 National Government interferes with International

3. As to the relationship between the executive and legislative branches

of the Government
 Presidential
 The executive power and legislative power is separated
 Parliament
 The executive power and legislative power is joined
 President is symbolic and ceremonial