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1. It bears load.
2. It locates rotating part in correct position.
3. It provides free motion to the rotating part by
reducing friction.
Bearing bears the load in machinery. The term 'load'
refers to the force of weight that is placed on the
bearing. A bearing must be able to support a load placed
on it. Locating the rotating parts in correct position
means hold the rotating part in predetermined place.
Bearings are required to resist motion in one or more
directions while allowing motion to occur in other
directions. Bearings must be able to reduce friction to
provide free motion to a rotating part. Friction is the
resistance to motion that exists between two surfaces
that are in contact with each other. Too much friction can
prevent movement of machine parts, and equipment
may be damaged.
CLASSIFICATION OF BEARING
BEARING
ROLLING CONTECT OR
SLIDING CONTECT OR
ANTI FRICTIONAL
FRICRIONAL BEARING
BEARING
SLIDING CONTACT BEARING OR
FRICTIONAL BEARING
Bearings in which the contact surfaces either
make sliding contact separated by a film of
lubricant. It operates on the basis of sliding
friction.
Advantages of Sliding contact bearing:
1. Easy to manufacture,
2. Cost manufacture is low,
3. Quieter in operation particularly after a
suitable running- in period,
4. It has unlimited life,
5. High load carrying capacity.
6. Less sensitive to injury,
7. Less radial space required,
Disadvantages of Sliding Contact Bearing:
Rolling element
Shield
Retainer or
Cage
Inner race
Rolling contact Bearing consists of the
following main parts.
Axial
load
BEARINGS FOR RADIAL LOAD
Different types of R. C. bearings which can be
used for radial loads are,
1. Single or double row deep groove ball
bearings.
2. Double row self-aligning ball bearing.
3. Cylindrical roller bearings.
4. Single or double row self-aligning ball
bearings.
BEARINGS FOR COMBINED LOAD
The following bearings are suitable when loads are
made up of one component perpendicular to the axis
of the rotation and other parallel to the axis of
rotation.
Normal
C4 Greater than C3
C5 C5 Greater than C4
CODE DESCRIPTION
3 0 2 06
code for Bearing Code for Code for Diameter Code for Bore
Type Wide (or Height) Series Diameter
Example: Series Example: Example: Code =
3 = Taper roller Example: Diameter Series = 3
Bearing Width Series = 0 2 i.e. Bore Dia. =
30mm
0- Double row angular contact ball bearings.
5. To dissipate heat.
1. Before being packed, the bearings are coated
with preservative grease which prevent
corrosion. Bearings, therefore, should be left in
their original packing until just before they are
fitted.
This type of damage occurs if, for instance, the inner ring of a
cylindrical roller bearing is pushed into the outer ring in a
tilted position or if the mounting pressure is transmitted
through the rolling elements.
Faults in Design
Corrosion
Corrosion is caused by inadequate sealing against moisture,
Acid fumes, lubricant containing acids, condensation,
unsuitable storage.
Entrance of Dirt
Entrance of dirt may be due to unclean parts,
sand in housing (castings), inadequate seals,
contaminated lubricants, Metallic abrasion from
gears brought into the bearing by the lubricant.
Brinelling
Brinelling is caused by static overloading, shock
and vibration on stationary bearing (e.g. during
transportation), passage of electric current through
the bearing.
• Outer ring of angular
• Deep groove ball bearing.
contact ball bearing
• Inner ring, outer ring, and balls
• Flaking of raceway surface
are flaked.
spacing equal to distances
• The cause is excessive load.
between balls.
• The cause is improper
handling.
• Inner ring of deep groove * Inner ring of spherical
ball bearing roller bearing.
• Flaking on one side of the * Flaking only on one side of
raceway surface the raceway surface.
• The cause is an excessive * The cause is an excessive
axial load. axial load.
• Tapered roller bearing • Outer ring of double row
• Flaking on 1/4 angular contact ball bearing.
circumference of inner • Flaking on 1/4 circumference
ring raceway with of outer ring raceway.
outer ring and rollers • The cause is poor installation.
discolored light brown.
• The cause is excessive
pre-load.
• Thrust ball bearing • Outer ring raceway of double
• Flaking on inner ring raceway row tapered roller bearing
(bearing ring fastened to (RCT bearing)
shaft) and balls. • Flaking originated from electric
• The cause is poor lubrication. pitting on the raceway
surface (refer to Section 5.13
“Electrical Pitting”)
• Rollers of spherical roller • Tapered roller bearing
bearing • Development of peelling to
• Peeling on rolling contact flaking on inner ring and rollers
surfaces • The cause is poor lubrication.
• The cause is poor
lubrication.
• Inner ring of • Inner ring of cylindrical roller
cylindrical roller bearing
bearing • Spallling on raceway surface
• Spalling on rib and cone back face rib
• The cause is excessive • The cause is poor lubrication.
load.
• Rollers of tapered roller
• Roller of cyllindrical roller
bearing
bearing
• Cycloidal spallling on the
• Score in axial direction on
end faces (Scuffing)
rolling contact surface caused
• The cause is poor
during mounting.
lubrication.
• The cause is poor mounting
practice.
• Roller of same bearing as that of
• Inner ring of cylindrical roller the inner ring shown in
bearing Photo D-1
• Smearing on raceway suface • Smearing on rolling contact surface
• The cause is slippage of rollers • The cause is slippage of rollers due
due to foreign objects to foreign objects
trapped within. trapped within.
• Inner ring of double row tapered roller
• Rollers of spherical thrust roller
bearing (RCTbearing)
bearings
• Smearing on raceway surface
• Smearing at middle of rolling
contact surfaces
• The cause is slippage of rollers due to
foreign objectstrapped within.
• Inner ring of double row Ball of deep groove ball bearing
tapered roller bearing (RCT • Speckled all over
bearing) • The cause is foreign objects and
• Raceway surface is speckled poor lubrication.
• The cause is electric pitting.
• Inner ring (cut off piece) of • Rollers of spherical roller
self-aligning roller bearing bearing
• Dents on one side of the • Dents on rolling contact
raceway surfaces
• The cause is trapping of • The cause is trapping of
solid foreign objects. solid foreign objects.
• Rollers of tapered roller bearings • Inner ring of tapered roller bearing
• Dents all over rolling contact • Dents on raceway surface
surfaces. (Temper color attwo ends.) • The cause is trapping of foreign
• The cause is foreign objects carried objects.
by lubricating oil.
• Cylindrical roller bearing
• Chipping of guide ribs of inner • Inner ring of spherical roller
and outer rings bearing
• The cause is excessive impact • Rib chipped
load. • The cause is excessive impact
load.
• Outer ring of four-row • Inner ring of spherical roller
cylindrical roller bearing bearing
• Split of raceway surface in the • Split of raceway surface in
circumferential direction the axial direction
originated from large flaking. • The cause is excessive
• The cause is large flaking. interference fit.
• Outer ring of tapered roller
• Inner ring of tapered roller bearing bearing
• Rusting on raceway surface spacing • Rusting on raceway surface
equivalent to the spacing equivalent to the
distance between rollers. distances between rollers.
1. Vibration analysis.
2. Temperature
3. Sound, etc.
Shocks Pulse Analyzer