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PAPER PRESENTATION
F R I D AY, A P R I L 2 3 , 2 0 1 0 FOLLOWERS
ABSTRACT:
Not so long ago, satellites were exotic, top-secret devices. They were
used primarily in a military capacity, for activities such as navigation
and espionage. Now they are an essential part of our daily lives. We see
and recognize their use in weather reports, television transmission by
DIRECTV and the DISH Network, in everyday telephone calls,in
GPS(global positioning system)and by the media in transmitting their
text and images to multiple printing sites for speed local distribution.
Satellites come in all shapes and sizes and play a variety of roles. For biocomputing and informatics
example: biometrics in various feild
• Weather satellites help meteorologists predict the weather or see
components of distributed
what's happening at the moment. Typical weather satellites include the database
TIROS, COSMOS and GOES satellites. The satellites generally contain
computer generated hiologram
cameras that can return photos of Earth's weather, either from fixed
for real time display...
geostationary positions or from polar orbits.
• Communications satellites allow telephone and data conversations to Grid Computing On Virtual
be relayed through the satellite. Typical communications satellites Machines
include Telstar and Intelsat. The most important feature of a Broadband over Power Lines
communications satellite is the transponder -- a radio that receives a Energy-Adaptive Display
conversation at one frequency and then amplifies it and retransmits it System Designs For Future ...
back to Earth on another frequency. A satellite normally contains
extreme programming
hundreds or thousands of transponders. Communications satellites are
usually geosynchronous. facts
• Broadcast satellites broadcast television signals from one point to hacking
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3/3/2019 Paper presentation: satellite communication
Abstract: Nanotechnology is
When satellite television was first introduced the dishes required to
defined as the study a...
receive the signal were very expensive and people were able to set them
up to receive programmes that were not really intended for everybody simulation of human
to see. Nowadays people tend to subscribe to a 'Direct Broadcast intelligence
Satellite' (DBS) provider such as DirecTV or Dish Network in the US
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3/3/2019 Paper presentation: satellite communication
and Sky in the UK. These providers are able to select programs and resource sharing on internet
broadcast them to people as set packages, for example the 'Family', A Nanotechnological Approach
'Sports' or 'Movie' packages. Cost will depend on which one you choose to Contaminated Water...
to buy.
improving database security
through face recogniti...
SATELLITE TV SYSTEM:
grid computing overview
Today, most satellite TV customers get their programming through a grid computing
direct broadcast satellite (DBS) provider, such as DirecTV or DISH nanotechnology
Network. The provider selects programs and broadcasts them to
robotics and computer version
subscribers as a set package. Basically, the provider's goal is to bring
dozens or even hundreds of channels to your TV in a form that palm vein technology
approximates the competition, cable TV. resource sharing on internet
Unlike earlier programming, the provider's broadcast is completely
optical character recognition for
digital, which means it has much better picture and sound quality.
tamil characters...
Early satellite television was broadcast in C-band radio -- radio in the
information technology
3.7-gigahertz (GHz) to 6.4-GHz frequency range. Digital broadcast
applications in transportat...
satellite transmits programming in the Ku frequency range (11.7 GHz to
14.5 GHz ). NANO TECHNOLOGY NANO
GENERATOR TO POWER
NANO DEVI...
least mean square algorithm
grid computing
grid computing
global positioning system
free space optics
satellite communication
There are five major components involved in a direct to home (DTH) or
grid computing
direct broadcasting (DBS) satellite system: the programming source,
the broadcast center, the satellite, the satellite dish and the receiver. smart antenna systems
• Programming sources are simply the channels that provide the eyegaze communication
programming for broadcast. The provider doesn't create original system
programming itself; it pays other companies (HBO, for example, or wireless charging of mobile
ESPN) for the right to broadcast their content via satellite. In this way, phones using micro wav...
the provider is kind of like a broker between you and the actual
wireless communication
programming sources. (Cable TV companies work on the same
bluetooth technology
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3/3/2019 Paper presentation: satellite communication
principle.)
vlsi chip and sdr
• The broadcast center is the central hub of the system. At the
Solar power generation
broadcast center, the TV provider receives signals from various
optimisation
programming sources and beams a broadcast signal to satellites in
geosynchronous orbit.
• The satellites receive the signals from the broadcast station and
rebroadcast them to Earth.
ABOUT ME
• The viewer's dish picks up the signal from the satellite (or multiple
AZHAR
satellites in the same part of the sky) and passes it on to the receiver in
the viewer's house. VIEW MY COMPLETE PROF ILE
SATELLITE TV PROGRAMMING:
Satellite TV Signal:
Satellite signals have a pretty long path to follow before they appear on
your TV screen in the form of your favorite TV show. Because satellite
signals contain such high-quality digital data, it would be impossible to
transmit them without compression. Compression simply means that
unnecessary or repetitive information is removed from the signal
before it is transmitted. The signal is reconstructed after transmission.
Standards of Compression:
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Satellite Dish:
When the signal reaches the viewer's house, it is captured by the
satellite dish. A satellite dish is just a special kind of antenna designed
to focus on a specific broadcast source. The standard dish consists of a
parabolic (bowl-shaped) surface and a central feed horn. To transmit a
signal, a controller sends it through the horn, and the dish focuses the
signal into a relatively narrow beam.
The curved dish reflects energy from the feed horn, generating a
narrow beam.
The dish on the receiving end can't transmit information; it can only
receive it. The receiving dish works in the exact opposite way of the
transmitter. When a beam hits the curved dish, the parabola shape
reflects the radio signal inward onto a particular point, just like a
concave mirror focuses light onto a particular point.
The curved dish focuses incoming radio waves onto the feed horn.
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In this case, the point is the dish's feed horn, which passes the signal on
to the receiving equipment. In an ideal setup, there aren't any major
obstacles between the satellite and the dish, so the dish receives a clear
signal.
In some systems, the dish needs to pick up signals from two or more
satellites at the same time. The satellites may be close enough together
that a regular dish with a single horn can pick up signals from both.
This compromises quality somewhat, because the dish isn't aimed
directly at one or more of the satellites. A new dish design uses two or
more horns to pick up different satellite signals. As the beams from
different satellites hit the curved dish, they reflect at different angles so
that one beam hits one of the horns and another beam hits a different
horn.
The central element in the feed horn is the low noise blockdown
converter, or LNB. The LNB amplifies the radio signal bouncing off the
dish and filters out the noise (radio signals not carrying programming).
The LNB passes the amplified, filtered signal to the satellite receiver
inside the viewer's house.
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Satellite Receiver:
The end component in the entire satellite TV system is the receiver. The
receiver has four essential jobs:
• It de-scrambles the encrypted signal. In order to unlock the signal,
the receiver needs the proper decoder chip for that programming
package. The provider can communicate with the chip, via the satellite
signal, to make necessary adjustments to its decoding programs. The
provider may occasionally send signals that disrupt illegal de-
scramblers as an electronic counter measure (ECM) against illegal
users.
• It takes the digital MPEG-2 or MPEG-4 signal and converts it into an
analog format that a standard television can recognize. In the United
States, receivers convert the digital signal to the analog National
Television Systems Committee (NTSC) format. Some dish and receiver
setups can also output an HDTV signal.
• It extracts the individual channels from the larger satellite signal.
When you change the channel on the receiver, it sends just the signal
for that channel to your TV. Since the receiver spits out only one
channel at a time, you can't tape one program and watch another. You
also can't watch two different programs on two TVs hooked up to the
same receiver. In order to do these things, which are standard on
conventional cable, you need to buy an additional receiver.
• It keeps track of pay-per-view programs and periodically phones a
computer at the provider's headquarters to communicate billing
information.
Receivers have a number of other features as well. They pick up a
programming schedule signal from the provider and present this
information in an onscreen programming guide. Many receivers have
parental lock-out options, and some have built-in digital video
recorders(DVRs), which let you pause live television or record it on a
hard drive.
These receiver features are just added bonuses to the technology of
satellite TV. With its movie-quality picture and sound, satellite TV is
becoming a popular investment for
Satellites are higher in the sky than TV antennas, so they have a much
larger line of sight range.
moving planet exactly. This way, you only have to direct the dish at the
satellite once, and from then on it picks up the signal without
adjustment, at least when everything works right.
At the core, this is all there is to satellite TV. But as we'll see in the next
section, there are several important steps between the original
programming source and your TV set.
is hard to imagine what our lives will be like in 30, or even just 20 years
from now. To give an idea of how fast things are going. 50 years ago,
there was nothing in space that was made by humans. Now there are
even satellite graveyards (specific orbits where obsolete satellites are
"parked"). The possibilities of satellite TV technology are growing
faster every year. What took 10 years to develop 30 years ago is now
done in 2 years.
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