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PROCEEDINGS INDONESIAN PETROLEUM ASSOCIATION
Tenth Annual Convention, May 1981
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STRATIGRAPHY AND HYDROCARBON POTENTIAL OF THE KLANDASAN

REDS IN THE KUTEI BASIN, EAST KALIMANTAN, INDONESIA
A. 3. Marshall *)
M . 0.Schumann **)

The authors ackpowledge contributions by
several colleagues, attached to HUFFCO’S
exploration department in Balikpapan.
HUFFCO INDONESIA, PERTAMINA and
the joint venture partners have granted
permission to publish this paper. UNION
OIL CO. OF INDONESIA and TOTAL
INDONESIE have made available data from
their contract areas. We thank the above-
mentioned individuals and institutions for
their cooperation.
THE KLANDASAN BEDS
DISTRIBUTION AND GEOMORPHOLOGY
The Klandasan Beds were deposited at the
southern margin of the Kutei Basin during the
Middle Miocene. They occur predominantly in
the subsurface, but are exposed on the crest of
the Klandasan Anticline within the township of
Balikpapan (figure 2). The massive sandstones
form prominent white cliffs which follow the
structural contours.
TYPE SECTION
The interval from 2310’ to 7574’ in
Bongkaran No. 1 has been selected as the
type section of the Klandasan Beds (figure 3).
The well was drilled by HUFFCO INDONESIA
in 1976 at a location with the geographic co-
ordinates 116O 54’51.4”E and l o 13’582”S,
approximately 12 km. east-northeast of Balik-
papan township. It spudded in beds of Pleisto-
cene age, and reached total depth at 7770’
in Middle Miocene sediments. The surface
elevation o f the well is 192’.
The Klandasan Beds unconformably overlie
the Bebulu Beds which consist of a sequence
o f shales, sandstones and limestones, with the
highest continuous limestone marking the
boundary between these two stratigraphic
units. The Klandasan Beds are overlain by the
deltaic Balikpapan Beds, which at the type
section have a 220’ thick shale developed at
their base.
The Klandasan Beds consist predominantly
of massive sandstones with increasing inter-
bedded shale in the lower part of the section
(figure 4). The sandstones are typically light
grey to white in colour, very fine to fine
grained, only occasionally medium to coarse
grained. The sandstones consist mostly of
colourless quartz grains which are well sorted
and of subangular shape. Porosities vary from
25 to more than 30 percent. The sandstones
are poorly cemented and contain only 5 t o
10 percent light grey to white clay matrix,
probably consisting of kaolinite. Coaly frag-
ments can be present in small quantities in
the sandstones and shales. A number of thin
limestones, regarded as discontinuous limestone
streaks, occur within the Klandasan Beds at
the type section.
The Klandasan Beds contain a foramhiferal
fauna consisting of benthonic and planktonic
forms. At the type locality a five-fold sub-
division is possible, based on type and
abundance of the foraminifera (figure 4):
2310’ - approx. 3000’ A mixture of small
and large calcareous benthonics with rare
arenaceous forms. Environment: inner shelf.
3000’ - 4870’ Largely a barren section, with
rare arenaceous benthonic foraminifera.
Their poor preservation indicates possible
reworking. Environment: uncertain, but

*) Now HUFFCO INTERNATIONAL, Houston, Texas, USA

**) Now HUFFCO TURKEY INC., Ankara, Turkey
286
probably inner shelf.
4870’ - 6120’ Moderate abundance of
predominantly planktonic foraminifera with
some benthonics, becoming more common
with depth. Environment: inner to middle
shelf.
6 120’ - 7240’ Abundant fauna consisting
predominently of planktonic foraminifera
with some benthonics, becoming more
common with depth. Environment: middle
t o outer shelf.
7240’ - 7574’ Abundant fauna as above; the
assemblage consists of two components,
based on age and depositional environment.
AGE
During the initial period of exploration
in the Kutei Basin, BPM developed a bio-
stratigraphic system which was based on
the occurrence of large benthonic foraminifera.
Although useful for broad correlations, this
“Letter Stage” classification has proven in-
adequate because of the long vertical ranges
of the large benthonic foraminifera and their
sensitivity to environmental changes. Blow
(1969) introduced a new zonation based on
planktonic foraminifera which permitted a
considerably more detailed subdivision of the
Tertiary. This system is presently being used
in Indonesia and is also being applied to the
Tertiary section in the Kutei Basin.
Based on a study of planktonic foraminifera
by HUFFCO paleontologists, the Klandasan
Beds and their lateral equivalent, the Pulau
Balang Beds have been dated as N.6 to N.9.
However, a major disagreement between seismic
and stratigraphic correlations in the Bongkaran
and Mentawir areas cast serious doubts on the
validity of the interpretation. Therefore, an
attempt was made t o solve the problem by
using calcareous nannoplankton which have
been largely neglected in the past, although
they are generally regarded as equally reliable
for stratigraphic correlations. Results indicate
that the Klandasan Beds and their lateral
equivalents are considerably younger, and are
probably of N.9 - N.12 age. This would imply
that much of the planktonic foraminiferal fauna
is reworked. In the offshore Yakin, Tanjung
Baru, Petung, and Sesulu wells, Oligocene and
Lower Miocene faunas have been found in the
lower part of the section correlating with the
Klandasan Beds, and these are also interpreted
by HUFFCO as being reworked.
DEPOSITIONAL HISTORY
Since early Miocene time, sediments in the
Kutei Basin were deposited in a regressive
environment. A shallow marine shelf had
developed at the southern margin of the basin,
and reef carbonates were deposited at the
end of Bebulu’ time, indicating relatively quiet
water conditions.
In the early Middle Miocene renewed growth
fault activity resulted in rapid subsidence of the
Bebulu Shelf, accompanied by a massive influx
of Klandasan sand. A reconstruction of the
depositional environments (figures 6 , 7) indi-
cates that the sands were most likely derived
from the Paternoster High to the south. The
sand depocentre within the Klandasan Beds
shifted from the present offshore area towards
the Balikpapan Bay where sand percentages
are in excess of 60 percent. It appears that the
depositional environments prograded rapidly in
a northeasterly direction.
The deposition of the Klandasan Beds at
the southern margin of the Kutei Basin, derived
from a southerly source, is in distinct contrast
to the development of the more shaly and more
open marine Pulau Balang Beds. They were
deposited in the central part of the Kutei Basin
and are related t o the proto Mahakam delta.
HYDROCARBON POTENTIAL
The Klandasan Beds are, or have been
productive in Samboja, Balikpapan, deep
Sepinggan, and Yakin Fields, according to our
stratigraphic interpretation. In addition, good
hydrocarbon shows have been encountered in
Lamaru No. 1 and Klandasan No. 1.
Onshore, on the northeast plunge of the
Klandasan Anticline, the upper part of the
Klandasan Beds have been flushed by fresh
waters, possibly indicating the extent to which
the Klandasan Anticline has been breached.
Good hydrocarbon shows are associated with
the unflushed lower part of the Klandasan

Beds. It is believed that these Lower Klandasan
Beds have a significant potential for hydro-
carbons, trapped against depositional faults.
Mature source rocks of Lower Miocene age
are present in the broad synclinal area to the
northwest of the Bongkaran No. 1 well.
Figure 8 is an interpretation of seismic line
287
K-8001, located on the northeastplunge of the
Klandasan Anticline.
REFERENCES
BLOW, w. H. (1969): Late Middle Eocene to
Recent planktonic biostratigraphy ; Proc. 1st
Intern. Conf. on Planktonic Microfossils.
U
LOCATION MAP
 PENAJIY No1

Perlamina - Teroro Rights 10 1772'

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ourcuop KLANDASAN BEDS

FIGURE 2
TG B A R U No i B

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Y A K I N No I
GENERALIZED SURFACE STRUCTURE
4- BALIKPAPAN AREA
290

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 29 1

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292

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 293

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KUTEI BASIN
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 295

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