Project

Spreadsheets to BS 8110etc The Concrete Centre

Client Advisory Group Made by Date Page
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RETAINING WALL design to BS 8110:2005 Checked Revision Job No
Originated from 'RCC62.xls' v3.3 © 2006 TCC chg - R68

IDEALISED STRUCTURE and FORCE DIAGRAMS DESIGN STATUS: VALID

WARNING :
Passive pressure should
only be considered if it
can be guaranteed that
there will be no future
excavation in front of
the wall.

DIMENSIONS (mm)
H= 3300 B= 1400 Tw = 200
Hw = 0 BI = 300 Tb = 300
Hp = 1300 BN = 300 TN = 0
Hn = 0
MATERIAL PROPERTIES steel class A
fcu = 35 N/mm² gm = 1.5 concrete
fy = 420 N/mm² gm = 1.15 steel
cover to tension steel = 50 mm
Max allowable design surface crack width (W) = 0.3 mm (0.2 or 0.3
mm only)
Concrete density = 24 kN/m³
SOIL PROPERTIES Wall Geometry
Design angle of int'l friction of retained mat'l (Ø) = 30 degree
Design cohesion of retained mat'l (C ) = 0 kN/m² (Only granular backfil considered, "C" = zero)
Density of retained mat'l (q ) = 20 kN/m³
Submerged Density of retained mat'l (qs ) = 10.00 kN/m³ [default=2/3*q (only apply when 13.33
Design angle of int'l friction of base mat'l (Øb) = 20 degree ASSUMPTIONS
Design cohesion of base material (Cb ) = 10 kN/m² a) Wall friction is zero
Density of base material (qb ) = 10 kN/m³ b) Minimum active earth pressure = 0.25qH
Allowable gross ground bearing pressure (GBP) = 200 kN/m² c) Granular backfill
d)Does not include check of rotational slide/slope failure
LOADINGS Surcharge load -- live (SQK) = 5 kN/m² e)Does not include effect of seepage of ground
Surcharge load -- dead (SGK) = 0 water beneath the wall.
Line load -- live (LQK) = kN/m f)Does not include deflection check of wall due to
Line load -- dead (LGK) = 0 kN/m lateral earth pressures
Distance of line load from wall (X) = 0 mm h) Design not intended for walls over 3.0 m high
i) Does not include check for temp. or shrinkage effects
LATERAL FORCES (unfactored) Ka = 0.33 [ default ka = (1-SIN Ø)/(1+SIN Ø)0.33
Kp = 2.04 [ default kp = (1+SIN Øb)/(1-SIN Ø2.04
Kpc = 2.86 [ default kpc = 2kp0.5 ] = 2.86
Kac = 1.15 [ 2ka0.5 ]

Force Lever arm Moment about TOE gf Fult Mult

(kN) (m) (kNm) (kN) (kNm)
PE = 36.30 LE = 1.100 39.93 1.40 50.82 55.90
PS(GK) = 0.00 LS = 1.65 0.00 1.40 0.00 0.00
PS(QK) = 5.50 LS = 1.65 9.07 1.60 8.80 14.52
PL(GK) = 0.00 LL = 3.30 0.00 1.40 0.00 0.00
PL(QK) = 0.00 LL = 3.30 0.00 1.60 0.00 0.00
PW = 0.00 LW = 0.00 0.00 1.40 0.00 0.00
Total 41.80 49.00 59.62 70.42
PP = -54.37 (LP-HN) = 0.58 -31.60 1.00 -54.37 -31.60
Project Spreadsheets to BS 8110etc The Concrete Centre
Client Advisory Group Made by Date Page

Location Grid line 1 rc 15-Apr-2019 135

RETAINING WALL design to BS 8110:2005 Checked Revision Job No

Originated from 'RCC62.xls' v3.3 © 2006 TCC chg - R68

EXTERNAL STABILITY STABILITY CHECKS : OK

OVERTURNING about TOE F.O.S = 1.50

(using overall factor of safety instead of partial safety factor) LOADING OPTION
Overturning Lateral FORCE (kN) Lever arm (m) Moment (kNm) (select critical load combination)
Moments PE = 36.30 LE = 1.10 39.93 EARTH
PS(GK) = 0.00 LS = 1.65 0.00 ✘ PS(GK) Warning:
PS(QK) = 5.50 LS = 1.65 9.07 ✘ PS(QK)
PL(GK) = 0.00 LL = 3.30 0.00 ✘ PL(GK)
PL(QK) = 0.00 LL = 3.30 0.00 ✘ PL(QK)
PW = 0.00 LW = 0.00 0.00 ✘ PW
åP = 41.80
Pp = -54.37 (LP-HN) = 0.58 -31.60
å Mo = 17.40

Restoring Vertical FORCE (kN) Lever arm (m) Moment (kNm)

Moments Wall = 14.40 0.40 5.76
Base = 10.08 0.70 7.06 Warning:
Nib = 0.00 0.30 0.00
Earth = 54.00 0.95 51.30 ✘ ALLOW BUOYANCY OF BASE
Water = 0.00 0.95 0.00
Surcharge = 4.50 0.95 4.28
Line load = 0.00 0.50 0.00
åV = 82.98 å Mr = 68.39

Factor of Safety, Mr / Mo = 3.93 > 1.50 OK

SLIDING (using overall factor of safety instead of partial safety factor) F.O.S = 1.50

Sum of LATERAL FORCES, P = 41.80 kN

PASSIVE FORCE, Pp x Reduction factor (1) = -54.37 kN Red'n factor for passive force = 1.00
BASE FRICTION ( å V TANØb + 0.75 B Cb ) = -40.70 kN
Sum of FORCES RESISTING SLIDING, Pr = -95.07 kN

Factor of Safety, Pr / P = 2.27 > 1.50 OK

GROUND BEARING FAI Taking moments about centre of base (anticlockwise "+") :

Vertical FORCES (kN) Lever arm (m) Moment (kNm) BEARING PRESSURE (KN/m²)
Wall = 14.40 0.30 4.32 0 0 20 3 9 59 7 8 98 1 8 37
0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 1. 1.
Base = 10.08 0.00 0.00 0.000

Nib = 0.00 0.40 0.00

Earth = 54.00 -0.25 -13.50
Water = 0.00 -0.25 0.00
Surcharge= 4.50 -0.25 -1.13 50.000
Line load = 0.00 0.20 0.00
åV= 82.98 å Mv = -10.31

Moment due to LATERAL FORCES, Mo = 17.40 kNm

100.000

Resultant Moment, M = Mv + Mo = 7.10 kNm

Eccentricity from base centre, M / V = 0.09 m

Therefore, MAXIMUM Gross Bearing Pressure (GRP) = 81 kN/m² < 200 OK
Project Spreadsheets to BS 8110etc The Concrete Centre
Client Advisory Group Made by Date Page

Location Grid line 1 rc 15-Apr-2019 137

RETAINING WALL design to BS 8110:2005 Checked Revision Job No

Originated from 'RCC62.xls' v3.3 © 2006 TCC chg - R68

BASE - unloaded side ( per metre length ) BS8110

gf = 1.44 (default = ult mt / non-factored m1.44 reference
V ult = 26.08 kN
M ult = 3.91 kNm ( '+' TENSION AT BOTTOM FACE)

BOTTOM REINFORCEMENT : Min. As = 720 mm2 Table 3.25

f= 14 mm
centres = 150 mm < 724 OK 3.12.11.2.7(b)
Asprov = 1026 mm2 > 720 OK

MOMENT of RESISTANCE : d= 243 mm

z= 230.85 mm 3.4.4.4
As' = 0 mm2
Mres = 86.52 kNm > 3.91 OK

SHEAR RESISTANCE: 100 As/bd = 0.42%

vc = 0.60 N/mm2 Table 3.8
Vres = 146.00 kN > 26.08 OK 3.5.5.2

CHECK CRACK WIDTH TO BS8110/BS8007 (:Temperature and shrinkage effects not included)
X= 72.57 mm em = -0.000658 BS8007
Acr = 87.20 mm W= -0.13 mm < 0.30 OK App. B.2
NO CRACKING
BASE - loaded side ( per metre length )
V ult = 22.65 kN
M ult = 16.24 kNm (TENSION - TOP FACE)

TOP REINFORCEMENT : Min. As = 390 mm2 Table 3.25

f= 16 mm
centres = 150 mm < 558 OK 3.12.11.2.7(b)
Asprov = 1340 mm2 > 390 OK

MOMENT RESISTANCE : d= 242 mm

z= 226.34 mm 3.4.4.4
As' = 0 mm2
Mres = 110.80 kNm > 16.24 OK

SHEAR RESISTANCE: 100 As/bd = 0.55%

vc = 0.66 N/mm2 Table 3.8
Vres = 159.32 kN > 22.65 OK 3.5.5.2

CHECK CRACK WIDTH to BS8100/ BS8007 (: Temperature and shrinkage effects not included)
X= 80.69 mm em = -0.00029 BS8007
Acr = 86.81 mm W= -0.06 mm < 0.30 OK App. B.2

REINFORCEMENT SUMMARY for BASE

Type f Centers As Min. As

mm mm mm2 mm2
TOP (DESIGN) R 16 150 1340 720 OK
BOTTOM (DESIGN) R 14 150 1026 720 OK
TRANSVERSE R 12 150 754 720 OK
Project Spreadsheets to BS 8110etc The Concrete Centre
Client Advisory Group Made by Date Page

Location Grid line 1 rc 15-Apr-2019 138

RETAINING WALL design to BS 8110:2005 Checked Revision Job No

Originated from 'RCC62.xls' v3.3 © 2006 TCC chg - R68

APPROXIMATE WEIGHT OF REINFORCEMENT

No. Type Dia Length Unit Wt Weight

WALL VERTICAL - External face 7 R 14 3112 1.208 26.32

VERTICAL - Internal face 7 R 16 3128 1.578 34.56
TRANSVERSE (Ext.& Int.) 42 R 14 1000 1.208 50.75

BASE TOP (MAIN) 7 R 16 1528 1.578 16.88

BOTTOM (MAIN) 7 R 14 1512 1.208 12.79
TRANSVERSE ( T & B ) 20 R 12 1000 0.888 17.76
WALL STARTERS (Ext.) 7 R 14 1135 1.208 9.60
WALL STARTERS (Int.) 7 R 16 1215 1.578 13.42

NIB (assume same reinforcement as wall)

INTERNAL FACE (MAIN) 7 R 14 112 1.208 0.95
EXTERNAL FACE (MAIN) 7 R 16 128 1.578 1.41
TRANSVERSE (EXT.+ INT.) 2 R 14 1000 1.208 2.42

SUMMARY Approx total reinforcement per metre length of wall (kg) 186.9
 Diagrams

Project Spreadsheets to BS 8110etc

Location Grid line 1 DATA FOR DIAGRAMS I
RETAINING WALL design to BS 8110:2005 sheet 1 of 2 Made by rc Job No R
Originated from 'RCC62.xls' v3.3 © 2006 TCC

DESIGN STATUS: VALID

IF(ABS(ECCY)>B/1000/2,"BEARING FAIL",IF(ABS(ECCY)>(B/1000)/6,(2*VL)/(3*((B/1000)/2-ABS(ECCY))),(VL/(B/1000)*(1+(6*ABS(ECCY))/(B/1000)))))

IF(ECCY>(B/1000)/6,IF(XX>(B/1000/2-ECCY)*3,0,(((B/1000/2-ECCY)*3-XX)/((B/1000/2-ECCY)*3))*BP),((VL/(B/1000)*(1-(6*ECCY)/(B/1000))))+(B/1000-XX)/(B/1000)*(BP-(VL/(B/1000)*(
(6*ECCY)/(B/1000)))))
1.4

1 49.96
0 80.99 3
BEARING PRESSURE DIAGRAM
0.14 76.65 3
0.28 72.30 3 M
0.42 67.96 3
0.56 63.62 3 0 0.5 1 1.5
KN/M^2

0
0.7 59.27 3
0.84 54.93 3
0.98 50.58 3 50
1.12 46.24 3
1.26 41.89 3 100
1.4 37.55 3
1.4 0.00 0
IF(ECCY<0,B/1000-B/1000/50*B24,B/1000/50*B24)
49.96
0 0.00 80.993 0 80.993 0.028 2.268 0.875 0.028 2.268
1 0.03 80.124 BEARING PRESSURE M DIAGRAM 1 80.124 0.028 2.243 0.803 0.028 2.243
2 0.06 79.255 .0
0
.1
7
.3
4
.5
0
.6
7
.8
4
.0
1
.1
8
.3
4 2 79.255 0.028 2.219 0.732 0.028 2.219
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
3 0.08 78.387 3 78.387 0.028 2.195 0.663 0.028 2.195
0.000
4 0.11 77.518 4 77.518 0.028 2.170 0.595 0.028 2.170
10.000
5 0.14 76.649 5 76.649 0.028 2.146 0.528 0.028 2.146
KN/M^2

6 0.17 75.780 20.000 6 75.780 0.028 2.122 0.463 0.028 2.122

7 0.20 74.911 30.000 7 74.911 0.028 2.098 0.399 0.028 2.098
8 0.22 74.042 40.000 8 74.042 0.028 2.073 0.336 0.028 2.073
9 0.25 73.173 50.000 9 73.173 0.028 2.049 0.275 0.028 2.049
10 0.28 72.304 60.000
10 72.304 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
11 0.31 71.436 11 71.436 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
70.000
12 0.34 70.567 12 70.567 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
80.000
13 0.36 69.698 13 69.698 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
14 0.39 68.829 90.000 14 68.829 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
15 0.42 67.960 15 67.960 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
16 0.45 67.091 49.96 16 67.091 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
17 0.48 66.222 BP 0 80.993 17 66.222 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
18 0.50 65.354 BPE 0.3 71.684 18 65.354 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
19 0.53 64.485 BPI 0.5 65.478 19 64.485 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
20 0.56 63.616 BPZ 1.4 37.55 20 63.616 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
21 0.59 62.747 21 62.747 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
22 0.62 61.878 22 61.878 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
23 0.64 61.009 23 61.009 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
24 0.67 60.140 24 60.140 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
25 0.70 59.271 25 59.271 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
26 0.73 58.403 26 58.403 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
27 0.76 57.534 27 57.534 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
28 0.78 56.665 28 56.665 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
29 0.81 55.796 29 55.796 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
30 0.84 54.927 30 54.927 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
31 0.87 54.058 31 54.058 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
32 0.90 53.189 32 53.189 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
33 0.92 52.320 33 52.320 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
34 0.95 51.452 34 51.452 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
35 0.98 50.583 35 50.583 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
36 1.01 49.714 36 49.714 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
37 1.04 48.845 37 48.845 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
38 1.06 47.976 38 47.976 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
39 1.09 47.107 39 47.107 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
40 1.12 46.238 40 46.238 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
41 1.15 45.370 41 45.370 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
42 1.18 44.501 42 44.501 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
43 1.20 43.632 43 43.632 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
44 1.23 42.763 44 42.763 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
45 1.26 41.894 45 41.894 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
46 1.29 41.025 46 41.025 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
47 1.32 40.156 47 40.156 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
48 1.34 39.287 48 39.287 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
49 1.37 38.419 49 38.419 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
50 1.40 37.5497 50 37.550 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
21.583 5.668 21.583

Page 5
 Diagrams

Project Spreadsheets to BS 8110etc

Location Grid line 1 DATA FOR DIAGRAMS II
RETAINING WALL design to BS 8110:2005 sheet 1 of 2 Made by rc Job No R
Originated from 'RCC62.xls' v3.3 © 2006 TCC

YY= 3 MTE= 30.00

MTLG= 0.00
MTLQ= 0.00
MTSG= 0
MTSQ= 7.50
MTW= 0.00

UTM= 54.00
54.00
0 0.00 0 0.00
1 0.06 0.0132 0.06 0 MOMENT
10 20 DIAGRAM
30 40 50 60
2 0.12 0.0528 0.12
3 0.18 0.1188 0.18

0 0
0.
ULT. MT (KNM)
4 0.24 0.2112 0.24
5 0.30 0.33 0.30

3 0
0.
6 0.36 0.4752 0.36
7 0.42 0.6468 0.42

6 0
0.
8 0.48 0.8448 0.48
9 0.54 1.0692 0.54 20 (M) .90
0

10 0.60 1.32 0.60

WALL

11 0.66 1.5972 0.66

1.

12 0.72 1.9008 0.72

13 0.78 2.2308 0.78
5 0
1.

14 0.84 2.5872 0.84

15 0.90 2.97 0.90
8 0
1.

16 0.96 3.3792 0.96

17 1.02 3.8148 1.02
1 0
2.

18 1.08 4.2768 1.08

19 1.14 4.7652 1.14
4 0
2.

20 1.20 5.28 1.20

21 1.26 5.8212 1.26
7 0
2.

22 1.32 6.3888 1.32

23 1.38 6.9828 1.38
0 0
3.

24 1.44 7.6032 1.44

25 1.50 8.25 1.50
26 1.56 9.1503 1.56
27 1.62 10.113 1.62
28 1.68 11.139 1.68
29 1.74 12.231 1.74
30 1.80 13.392 1.80
31 1.86 14.623 1.86
32 1.92 15.925 1.92
33 1.98 17.302 1.98
34 2.04 18.755 2.04
35 2.10 20.286 2.10
36 2.16 21.897 2.16
37 2.22 23.591 2.22
38 2.28 25.368 2.28
39 2.34 27.232 2.34
40 2.40 29.184 2.40
41 2.46 31.226 2.46
42 2.52 33.361 2.52
43 2.58 35.589 2.58
44 2.64 37.915 2.64
45 2.70 40.338 2.70
46 2.76 42.862 2.76
47 2.82 45.488 2.82
48 2.88 48.218 2.88
49 2.94 51.055 2.94
50 3.00 54 3.00

0 0
0 300 WALL GEOMETRY
300 300 4000
WALL (mm)

300 3300
3500
500 3300
500 300 3000

1400 300 2500

1400 0 2000
300 0 1500
300 0
1000
300 0
500
300 0
0 0 0
0

1000

2000

4000
3000

3300 1400 BASE ( mm)

Page 6
 Diagrams

ade by rc Job No R68

Date 15-Apr-19

000)*(BP-(VL/(B/1000)*(1-

0.028 2.268
0.028 2.243
0.028 2.219
0.028 2.195
0.028 2.170
0.028 2.146
0.028 2.122
0.028 2.098
0.028 2.073
0.028 2.049
0.028 2.025
0.028 2.000
0.028 1.976
0.028 1.952
0.028 1.927
0.028 1.903
0.028 1.879
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
35.244

Page 7
 Diagrams

ade by rc Job No R68

Date 15-Apr-19

Page 8
 Project Spreadsheets to BS 8110etc
Location Grid line 1 CRACK WIDTH CALCULATIONS
RETAINING WALL design to BS 8110:2005 Made by rc Job No R68
Originated from 'RCC62.xls' v3.3 © 2006 TCC Date 15-Apr-19

WALL
MR= 15.06 MIN SPACING= 220 ASreq = 1170.3 fs = 244.46Asprov%= 0.944
As/bd= 0.009 MSBB= 724 ASBBreq 0.01 fs = 0.0027Asprov%= 0.4223
X= 58.17 MSBT= 558 ASBTreq 196.45 fs = 41.037Asprov%= 0.5539
Ic= 207434145
STS= 0.0011 Charles:
ST1= 0.0019 Charles: The last cell reference in the formaula
ST2= 0.0004475 Minor point - the formula should be DESIGN!G74 not DESIGN!
Acr= 86.810337 label given for the cell G740. Since cell G740 is blank the
W= 0.25 should be AsBT/bd not calculation currently always results in a
em= 0.0015 AsBB/bd. value of 0.01 rather than the correct
figure.
MR= 15.06 MR= 15.06
AsBB/bd= 0.0042 AsBB/bd= 0.0055 Charles:
X= 72.57 X= 80.69 The comparison in these three cells highlighted
Ic= 576198321 Ic= 700256021 in orange should be W>0.1 not W>1. Since the
STS= 0.0001 STS= 0.0002 maximum value of W is 0.3 the current
ST1= 0.0001 ST1= 0.0003 comparison results in the wrong formula being
ST2= 0.0007393 ST2= 0.0005561 used in many cases resulting in a crack width
Acr= 87.201911 Acr= 86.810337 estimate that is lower than it should be.
W= -0.13 W= -0.0565
em= -0.0007 em= -0.0003

Page 9
 Notes

Disclaimer
All advice or information from the British Cement Association and/or The Concrete Centre is
intended for those who will evaluate the significance and limitations of its contents and take
responsibility for its use and application. No liability (including that for negligence) for any
loss resulting from such advice or information is accepted by the BCA, TCC or their
subcontractors, suppliers or advisors. Users should note that all TCC software and
publications are subject to revision from time to time and should therefore ensure that they
are in possession of the latest version.

This spreadsheet should be used in compliance with the accompanying publication 'User
Guide RC Spreadsheets: v3' available from The Concrete Bookshop,

Status of spreadsh This spreadsheet is shareware. It may be distributed freely, but may not be used
Public release version for commercial purposes until the user has registered with the TCC via
The Concrete Bookshop.
Revision history RCC62 Retaining Wall.xls

Date Version Action

Cohesion reduction factor for sliding (to BS8002: clause
8-Oct-07 RCC62 v3.3
3.2.6) added at STABILITY!F40.
Improvement to base moment calculation method. Rankine
22-Apr-07 RCC62 v3.2
warning added for small heels.
v3 release. Page nos, User Guide and registration details
28-Jun-06 RCC62 v3.1
amended.
### RCC62 v3.0 Updated to 2005 versions of BS8110 & BS8666
Names of sides of base on DESIGN sheet changed from
21-Oct-04RCC62 v2.3
"outside" and " inside" to "unloaded" and "loaded".
### RCC62 v2.2 Correction when distance X to line load ≤ 0.
22-Jan-03 RCC62 v2.1 DETR logo replaced by DTI.
11-Oct-02RCC62 v2.0 Version 2 enhancements
### RCC62 v1.4 Data! Main graphic changed to jpeg
16-Jun-01 RCC62 v1.3 Crack width calculation to outer base amended
Buoyance option + notes added. Passive pressure reduction
15-Apr-01 RCC62 v1.2
factor rectified
Crack width w for top of inner base amended. Notes re crack
24-Mar-00RCC62 v1.1
widths and cracking added in DATA!
First public release.
6-Aug-99 RCC62 v1.0
Includes b version comments

Page 10
 Notes

Concrete Centre is
s contents and take
negligence) for any
BCA, TCC or their
TCC software and
re ensure that they

g publication 'User
crete Bookshop,

but may not be used

with the TCC via

Size (kB)
571

569

563

585

580

565
563
583
365
365
398

398

398

Page 11