Multiviews and Visualization

Auxiliary Views

Fall2005- ENGR 3200U 1

Level of Education

High School Student:

Only study and think about what is given to
him/her

University/ College Student:

Study and think about what is given and what is not given to
him/her

Graduate Student and Researcher:

Only Study and think about what is not given to
him/her

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Completing a Multiview

You should be able to develop your own customized

procedures based on the basic rule of orthographic
projection

Armin Procedure is a
systematic way to draw
the missed view in a
multiview drawing

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ARMIN Procedure- Completing the
Multiview

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ARMIN Procedure- Step 1
9Draw the Top
Blocking
Lines

Front Side

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ARMIN Procedure- Step 2

9Draw the Top

Miter Line

Front Side

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ARMIN Procedure- Step 3

9Label Top
Surfaces

Front Side H L
I K
J
G D
E C O
M F

A
B
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N
ARMIN Procedure- Step 4

9Select a Top
surface

9Identify
this
surface in
the both
views
Front Side

A
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ARMIN Procedure- Step 5
9 Draw the
construction
lines from
the vertices
of the
selected
surface

A
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ARMIN Procedure- Step 6
9 Mark the
intersection
points of the
construction
lines
correspondi
ng to the
surface
vertices

A
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ARMIN Procedure- Step 7
9 Connect the
marked
points with
straight lines

A
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ARMIN Procedure- Step 8
9 Control the
obtained
configuration

9 Number of
edges is 99 sided planar geometry
always similar
in different A
views, unless
you are
viewing the 9Planar geometry
surface on
edge 99 sided planar geometry

A
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ARMIN Procedure- Step 9
9 If any
surface is
left, go to
step 4
F

F F

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ARMIN Procedure- Result

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ARMIN Procedure- Result

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Solid Object Visualization
Combinations and Negative Solids
Face to face rule:
A flat face of one
object must joint a
flat face of the
other object

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Solid Object Visualization
Additive & Subtractive objects

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Solid Object Visualization
Using the Planar Surfaces
Cutting Plane:
A flat blade
which is
infinitely large

Oblique Cut

Normal or inclined cuts

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Solid Object Visualization
Surface Development
Cutting Plane
on a surface of
the object

Wrap or skin
around the OR
object

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Multiview Visualization
Reading a drawing
To develop
mental 3D
images of the
objects from
their Multiview Important Transformation
Pictorial

Multiview

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Multiview Visualization

Projection Study

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Multiview Visualization

Physical Model
Construction
Clay, Wax, Styrofoam

1) Cuttingthe 3D
form out of a
solid block

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Multiview Visualization

1) Analysis of
solids to divide
the object to its
basic primitives

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Adjacent Areas

Adjacent areas are surfaces which reside next to each other.

Lines are the boundaries between surfaces

Lines indicate change of the planes

No Tow Adjacent Areas Can Lie in the

Same Plane

Rule 8: Contiguous Planes

No Tow contiguous areas can
lie in the same plane

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 Adjacent Areas

Given the top view

of an object,
sketch the
isometric as well
as multi view of
three possible
solutions:

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Adjacent Areas
There are infinite number of solutions!
For example:

Adjacent areas represent: ¾Surfaces at different levels

¾Inclined or Oblique Surfaces
Fall2005- ENGR 3200U ¾Not planar Surfaces 26
¾A Combination of above
Surface Labelling
1) To check the
accuracy of the
multiview drawing
of a physical part
or pictorial view

2) Step 3 of ARMIN
Procedure

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Vertex Labelling
1) Additional
Checking of
multiview drawing

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Summary: Eight Rules of
Orthographic Projection
Rule 1: Alignment of Features
Every point or feature in one
view must be aligned in any
adjacent view

Distance between any to

Rule 2: Distances in Related View points of a feature in related
views must be equal

Features are true length or

Rule 3: True Length and Size true size when the lines of
sight are perpendicular to
the feature

Rule 4: Foreshortening
Features are foreshortened
when the lines of sight are not
perpendicular to the feature
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Summary: Eight Rules of
Orthographic Projection
Rule 5: Configuration of Planes
Areas of the same feature will always be similar from one view
to the next, unless viewed on edge

Rule 6: Edge View

Parallel features will always appear parallel in all views

Rule 7: Parallel Features

Surface that is parallel to the line of sight will appear on edge and
be represented as line

Rule 8: Contiguous Planes

No Tow contiguous areas can
lie in the same plane

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