1) THE PRINCIPLES OF WIRELESS POWER a) Nikola Tesla and the True Wireless In the period from 1690 to 1900 Dr. Nikola Tesla was engaged in the tenatic research of high frequency electric waves with the specific aim developing a method transmission and reception of electric energy without che use of connecting wires. Inspired by Dr. Heinrich Hertz s experimental researches into the Maxwell theory of electro-magnetic waves, Dr. Tesla Seveloped various appartus with the object of exploring the developments cf Dr. Hertz. Tesla found his progress slow until he developed his oscillat- sng current (0.C.) transformer,known as the Tesla Transformer,which allowed $ progress beyond the original exprriments of Dr. Hertz and thus beyond the original theory of elecro-magnetism. Tesla founé to his dismay that it was not possible to demonstrate that che euanations from his 0.C. transfor ations of light waves as theor: r were akin to the transverse vibr— ned by Maxwell, which Dr. Hertz among others t to verify. At this point Tesla began to doubt if the Maxvell theory validity. To quote “For nore than 1° years I have been reading reports of scientific transactions, and articles on Hert self informed, but they have a’ wa: ave ‘hat Tesla had discovered was that the emanations from his 0.C. tran- sforner were of longitudinai-dielectric waveform, that is, in the forn ELECRIC RAYS OF INDUCTION. This indicates the purpose of Tesia's exten- earch into X-rays and : indred forms of radiation,which were con- vaves in the luminiferous aether by Tesla and his sidered logituc oraries. The theories of electric waves was of no concern to G. Marconi however, and by his adaptation of Dr. Tesla s fundamental patents went on to estab- lish couné€cial wireless communication. By 1919 Marconi completed constr- uction of five high frequency power plants around the world. These plants generated currents at a frequency of 11,000 cycles/ second, produced by 209 Kilowatt motor-generator sets.The alternators employed in these M.G. sets were fashoned after those ceveLoped by Tesla but became known as the Alexanderson alternators, after ¢.. Steinnets s protoge Ernst F.if. Alexanderson. These alternators delive- red currents to what is ca’led the multiple loaded flat top antenna. A dia- gram and equivilent circuit of the Bolinas, California plant is shown in gure (1). pon co! ants in 1919 the U.S. government - of reless Co., pletion of these wireless tabi ished the Radio Corperation Of America (R.C.A.) to take cont he plants constructed upon U.S. territory. R.C.A.,Marconi ¥W others went on to develop wireless (now radio) communication based coon transverse, or Hertzian, waveforms. The culmination of the wrasc sy wave antenna was the R.C.A. type "D" director, water to become the weil now rhombic antenna, figure (2). ese developments firmly entrenched the use of Hertzian waves in the — less communication, thereby diverting interest from the kola Tesla. Tesla's progress in commercial ce of practi waveforms discovered by Dr. W: opment vas further delayed by his absolute insistence upon establis- hing a perfect system, the "World Systen", of wireless power and commun- ication. The World System was much more costly and complex than the simple rconi. To quote Dr. Tesia’s thoughts about the devel- ations of ireless at this point in history has led to the consruction of larger trans: their ive to employ recieving devices of ever greater sen: changes have co-operated in emphasizing the trouble and seriously ing the reliablity and value of the plants. To such a degree has s been the case that conservitive business men and financiers have "The commercia? application fs itters and covered and it became = _ tivness. ber, greater distances had to i come to lool: upon this method of conveying inte’ligence as one offering but very limited possibilities, and the Government has deemed it advisable to assume control. This unfortunate state of affairs, fatal to the eniis- = - tnent of capital and healthfull competitive develop: avoided had e’ectricians not remained to this cay under a de‘ucive theory and had the practical exploiters of this advance not permitted enterprise nt, coud have deen to outrun technical competence" Dr. Tesla remained unswayed by these comnercii impact upon scientific thought. Tesla understood that the transverse, or . developments and their Hert {an. waveform was useless for the transmission of electric energy on = - an industria” scale. The scattering nature of these waves represents the Is