LESSON TITLE:

Name: Drew Mather Grade: 10 Date: 4/17/19

Thalia Mendoza
Subject Area: U.S. Time Duration:
History 30 minutes

The Content:

1. CA Content Standard(s) and Common Core Standards Addressed. What is/are the
Essential Question(s) for the day?

CA Content Standards: Determine the meaning of symbols, key terms, and other domain-
specific words and phrases as they are used in a specific scientific or technical context
relevant to grades 9–10 texts and topics. Common

Core Standards: 10.3 Students analyze the effects of the Industrial Revolution in the United
States. 2. Examine how scientific and technological changes and new forms of energy brought
about massive social, economic and cultural changes.

2. Objective(s):

1. Identify changes and innovations in technology, communication, and transportation and

how they changed cities.

2. Think about how the Industrial Revolution played a role in global economic expansion.

3. Make connections between second industrial revolution and our world today.

3. Materials

Teaching the Content:

4. Anticipatory Set/Motivation (Engaging Students)

There will be questions asked throughout to gauge students’ comprehension of the material.
5. Instruction & Checking for Understanding

The lecture will start with a short discussion about technology that has helped/hurt society.
Students will give examples and discuss how they think certain inventions have either made
society better or worse.
Slides
1. Machinery
Henry Bessemer: -Bessemer process- burned all the impurities in molten iron with
hot air
-Produced more steel in one day than the old method in one week

Steel was used for?

-railroad tracks
-bridges
-building frames
-machinery

Which also meant?

-more jobs
-stronger rail roads and bridges
-more buildings
2. Innovations in Medicine
Louis Pasteur: Invented the process of Pasteurization. Pasteurization involves
heating liquid to kill germs and microbes. Pasteur did this by experimenting with local wines, in
which he heated them to around 50-60 Degrees Celsius, or 122-140 Degrees Fahrenheit. He
found that the microbes could be killed and the wine could be aged simultaneously, making it
healthier and more enjoyable to drink. The same process soon applied to milk, and has carried on
ever since. Louis Pasteur also created vaccines for chicken cholera, anthrax and rabies. In 1879,
Pasteur vaccinated chickens with a weak strain of cholera, then proceeded to vaccinate them with
a more deadly strain. The chickens survived, as they had become immune. He conducted a
similar experiment with Anthrax. He vaccinated animals with a bacteria from animals that had
died of anthrax and found bacteria had caused the disease. In 1881, he discovered that growing
the bacilli(bacteria) of anthrax at 42 degrees Celsius made their spores unable to grow. Pasteur
also created the first vaccine for rabies. He grew the virus in rabbits, then weakened it by drying
the nerve tissue that was affected. He then tested several variations of the vaccine on a nine year
old boy named Joseph Meister in 1885, who had been mauled by a dog. The boy was vaccinated
13 times over 11 days, and three months later, he was found to be in good health. Pasteur had
tested his vaccination on two other people previously; one survived but may not have had rabies
to begin with, and the other person passed away from rabies. Due to his studies, Pasteur also
encouraged medical professionals to wash their hands and clean their equipment before
performing surgery, a practice that was not common before that point.
3. Electrical Inventions
Alexander Graham Bell: In 1872, Bell founded a school that trained teachers of
the deaf, which is now part of Boston University. Bell taught vocal physiology at Boston
University, and was passionate about working with and assisting people who are deaf. In 1876,
he was officially granted a patent for his method of transmitting sounds. June 1876- Bell
demonstrates the telephone to judges at the Philadelphia Centennial Exhibition.

1877- Gardiner Hubbard established the Bell Telephone Company and commercialized the
telephone

-telephones created jobs for women (phone operator)

Thomas Edison: Edison was born in 1847. He made a name for himself through
his other inventions such as the phonograph, carbon telephone transmitter, and the first industrial
research lab, catching the attention of J.P. Morgan and the Vanderbilts,
Who established the Edison Electric Light Company.

They gave Edison $30,000 for his process of research and development. Edison invented the
incandescent light bulb in 1879, and the first incandescent system was installed in a New York
printing firm called Hinds and Ketcham in 1881.
-Edison went on to invent
-phonograph, electric motor, electric printer, typewriter,
Guglielmo Marconi: -Marconi was born in Italy in 1874.
-He was homeschooled and never went on to receive higher education. -In the 1890s, Marconi
started to work on the idea of “wireless telegraphy”, or the act of transmitting telegraph messages
without connecting wires.
-In December 1894, Marconi demonstrated how to use a radio transmitter to his mother.
Guglielmo later developed portable transmitters and long distance receivers, making his
experiments more widely applicable in society. He expanded on this and created a more complex
system with several components:

1. A spark producing radio transmitter

2. A wire suspended above ground

3. A coherer receiver, which increased both sensitivity and reliability.

4. Telegraph key that responded to Morse Code

5. A telegraph register which was activated that received Morse Code.

In 1895, Marconi had a breakthrough. He discovered he could make long distance transmissions
by raising the height of his antenna. He caught the attention of the British Parliament, and in
1897, Marconi made the first wireless communication over open sea. Marconi’s business, named
Marconi Company, spread awareness of the value of radio after the RMS Titanic sank. Britain’s
postmaster general said "Those who have been saved, have been saved through one man, Mr.
Marconi ... and his marvellous invention."
Samuel Morse: -invented the electrical telegraph system used for Morse Code
-allowed people to send messages over long distances by using pulses of
electricity to signal machines to make marks on moving paper tape
-Morse code was sent out by tapping out the code for each letter in form of long
 and short signals
-Morse code was a series of dots and dashes represented by a series of short and long
tones called dits and dahs by operators
-Morse code was especially pivotal during the second world war because it
Improved communication between naval ships and bases
4. Transportation
1. Edwin L. Drake: -In the mid-1800s people began to refine oil found on coastal
waters and lakes for kerosene lamps
-In 1859 Edwin L. Drake drilled for oil in Pennsylvania, his crew hit an underground spring deep
in the rock and oil spilled everywhere, starting the first commercial oil well
-Blackgold
-proved that oil can be extracted from the ground in large quantities by drilling beneath the earth
-devised to drill the first commercial oil well in the United states
-revolutionized how crude oil was produced, states began producing millions of barrels a year
-oil workers were known as, “Men who are supplying light for the world.”

Rail Road
-“annihilation of time and space”
-speeding up travel time which shrunk the world
-Expanded space by creating suburbs and new towns
-Opened up inaccessible spots
-since steel was affordable, more and more tracks were being laid
-railroad companies provided lots of jobs
- companies can now sell products nationally
-created time zones

The car
-Innovation in oil led to motors and the car
-engine powered by gas was invented in 1876 by Nikolaus Otto
- 1885, J. Frank Duryea built the first practical motor car in the US
-use of car was limited due to high cost
*invention of engine eventually leads to advancement in flight
Workers:
-Growing population eventually led to job insecurity because of so many immigrants
-long labor hours, for unequal pay
-Laborers worked 60 hours per week with no pensions or injury compensation
-US had highest rate of industrial injuries in the world, average of 35,000 people died per
year
-newly formed corporations would take advantage of workers
-Eventually led to Unions

Knights of Labor, headed by Terence V. Powderly

-grew from 9 members in 1870 to 728,000 by 1884
-unskilled workers, black workers and women and children
Haymarket riot- During a previous strike against the McCormick Harvesting Co., a policeman
killed one of the strikers, in response there was a rally in Chicago where a bomb killed seven
police officers, in response police fired and killed four people
-American Federation of Labor 1886
-strikers were also killed during Homestead Steel Strike of 1892, and Pullman Rail strike of 1894

Why is this important?

Nationally:
-Allowing growth in population
-rising immigration
-for the first time in history, majority of the workforce worked in non-farming jobs
-by 1890, ⅔ of americans worked for wages rather than farming or owning their own business
-greater ability to use natural resources

Government:
-raises high tariffs on steel
-massive land grants for railroads
-Government policies assisting businesses like protective tariffs

Economically:
-railroads integrated the american market allowing brands to emerge
-new towns and cities were built, expanding the possibilities for economic and population growth
-increasing business investment

Socially:
-drew people from the farm to the city
-Improvements in cleaning processes lead to a healthier society and saved countless lives
In Conclusion:
Improvements in steel production and use of oil and electricity as power sources led to
inventions that changed the ways americans communicated, traveled, worked, and lived.
How does this connect with the world today?

-Unions and workers continue to fight for better conditions

Why does this resemble the 21st century?

-it was only 150 years ago that modern corporations began to form
*Thats a blink of an eye when you look at a time line
-this was a time when people began to discuss the ways in which inequality could be the opposite
of freedom

Communication has spread farther than ever. The radio created new a new economic market in
the music industry, and became a vitally important tool for the communication of news and
sports, making broadcasting more available. The telephone did the same, and eventually lead to
the invention of the smartphone, on which a large percentage of business is conducted today.
Vaccines have saved countless lives, as well as requiring medical professionals to wash their
hands. New modes of transportation have connected the world more than ever before

Checking for understanding: asking questions periodically

Using the Content:

6. Guided Practice

Purpose is to ensure that students can use new information properly. Teacher (or some other
expert) provides timely, useful feedback to students before they work independently. This
consists of students using information under supervision. Here is a good time to incorporate
collaborative activity.

The class will break into groups of 3.

Each group will take a different invention of the time period. They will then have 10-15 minutes
to develop an argument as to why they think their invention is the most important. Provide
examples in both a domestic and global context. On a separate piece of paper write down the
invention you chose and your argument.

Example: without the invention of the first telephone, cell phones would never have been
invented, and we would not have access to the internet everywhere we go.

At the end of 15 minutes, each group will present their argument to the class.

7. Independent Practice

Purpose is to allow students to use new information independently, without direct supervision.
May occur during class if time permits or as homework.

-Create an advertisement for one of the inventions mentioned in today’s lesson (other inventions
are acceptable as long as they fit within the same time frame)
*this may require research and drawing
-Analyze the invention in a 7-8 sentence paragraph
*who invented it and how? Why did it change the world? Where would we be without
it today? Does this invention play a role in your life today?

Summing Up the Learning:

8. Closure

Purpose is to summarize new learning for students. Usually student-driven, yet teacher led. It
reinforces the big takeaways and answers questions like, “So what? Why did we do this? What
is this good for?” Closure wraps up the lesson for students.
Improvements in steel production and use of oil and electricity as power sources led to
inventions that changed the ways americans communicated, traveled, worked, and lived.
-Unions and workers continue to fight for better conditions

Why does this resemble the 21st century?

-it was only 150 years ago that modern corporations began to form
*Thats a blink of an eye when you look at a time line
-this was a time when people began to discuss the ways in which inequality could be the opposite
of freedom

Communication has spread farther than ever. The radio created new a new economic market in
the music industry, and became a vitally important tool for the communication of news and
sports, making broadcasting more available. The telephone did the same, and eventually lead to
the invention of the smartphone, on which a large percentage of business is conducted today.

Vaccines have saved countless lives, as well as requiring medical professionals to wash their
hands. New modes of transportation have connected the world more than ever before

Measuring Learning:

9. Assessment

Purpose is to evaluate student performance of the objectives. Should reflect each element of
each objective. Usually performed by students individually with teacher monitoring integrity.
Must be valid and reliable. Place this in unit lesson plan.

There will be a test at the end of the week on the Industrial Revolution and the Second Industrial
Revolution.