Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1 INTRODUCTION
2 EXPERIMENT -1.1
3 EXPERIMENT -1.2
4 EXPERIMENT -1.3
5 EXPERIMENT -1.4
6 THEORY
7 APPARATUS
8 PROCEDURE (with pictures)
9 OBSEVARTION
10 CONCLUTION
11 REFERENCE
INVESTIGATORY PROJECT
STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF LIGHT AND GRAVITY ON
PLANT GROWTH MOVEMENT
INTRODUCTION
All plants show movements though they are fixed. They
show movement of their parts. Such movements are not
apparent except when observed after a time interval. They can,
however be seen with the help of time lapse cameras.
Movements of parts in the fixed plants i are called curvature
movements. Movements are caused as a result of some
internal or external change. The former are called autonomic
movements while the latter are known as paratonic (induced)
movements. Plant movements are broadly classified into two
categories :
1. Growth movement, and
2. Turgor movement
1. Growth movements. They are curvature movements caused
by differential or un-equal growth in plant organs resulting in
bending, twisting of the latter.
2. Turgor movements. They are caused by differential changes
in turgor of some cells. The rolling of leaves of many grasses in
dry weather is caused by the loss of turgor of bulliform cells in
the epidermis.
The growth movements which are induced by external stimuli
are called trophic movements. The trophic movements are
always related to the direction of the stimuli. They are often
observed in cylindrical organs. The response of plant organs to
the source of light is called phototropism. Stem grows toward
the light and is, therefore, termed positively phototrophic. The
response of plant organs in the form of curvature movement in
response to the force of gravity is called geotropism. Roots
grow towards the force of gravity and are, therefore, described
as positively geotropic.
EXPERIMENT P – 1.1
To study the effect of light on plant growth movement.
MATERIALS REQUIRED
Two pots, soil, mustard seeds, heliotropic chamber or a big
card board box with a hole on one side, water, etc.
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
1 Prepare two pots by filling them with soil. Sow a few
(2-3) mustard seeds in each of them.
2 Provide the conditions necessary for germination i.e.,
Oxygen, moisture and optimum temperature. Allow the
seeds to germinate and grow in both the pots.
3. When the seedlings become 2-3 inches tall, place one of
the pots into the helotropic chamber or card board box
with a hole on the side. Keep the other pot in open
under direct sunlight.
CONCLUSION
Stem is positively phototrophic, therefore, it shows
bending when given unidirectional light. The bending occurs
because of more growth on shaded side of the stem due to
accumula-tion of more auxin on that side.
EXPERIMENT P-1.2
To study the role of shoot apices on the phototropic movement in plants.
MATERIALS REQUIRED
Three petridishes, cotton wool, wheat grains, blade, aluminium
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
1. Prepare three petridishes by placing moist cotton pad
in each of them and mark them as A, B and C. Sow 4-5
wheat grains in each petridish and allow them to
grow.
MATERIALS REQUIRED
Maize seeds, petridish, cotton pad, water etc.
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
Place four maize grains in a vertically placed petridish
containing moist cotton pad to hold the grain in
position. Set the grains in such a way that their radicle
face toward centre. Let the grain germinate.
OBSERVATION
it will be seen that the radicles of the grains always grow
downwards but coleoptiles always upward direction .
CONCLUSION
MATERIALS REQUIRED
Clinostat, a potted plant, observation note-book etc.
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
Clinostat is an instrument with a disc which can rotate.
It has a clip in the centre which can hold a potted plant
in horizontal direction i.e., parallel to earth.
1. Fix a pot with an erect plant, in the centre of the disc.
2. Rotate the disc with slow speed i.e., 4-5 rotations per
hour Allow the plant to grow in this manner for two days.
Horizontal increase in the length of stem will take place i.e., no
curvature will be observed.
PROJECT ON
SUBMITTED TO
MRS.SREEJA ,
BIOLOGY TEACHER
DONE BY
S.JAYASURIYA
XI-B