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2019 Year3 Slides Lipids PDF
2019 Year3 Slides Lipids PDF
2 Lipids
EXTRA!
Are there
good fats?
1.2 Lipids
What are lipids?
Lipids are made up of the following elements :
Carbon Hydrogen
Oxygen
Recall
What is the general formula for
carbohydrates?
Cx(H2O)y
NO GENERAL FORMULA
• Contains much less oxygen as compared
to hydrogen.
Simple Lipids
Compound Lipids
1.2 Lipids Classification
Lipids
Compound
Simple Lipids Lipids
(esters of fatty acids) (lipid + non-lipid
component)
Fats Waxes
(fatty acids + glycerol) (fatty acids + alcohol)
1.2 Lipids Classification
What are Simple Lipids?
A simple lipid is formed by joining fatty acids to
an alcohol (eg glycerol) by ester linkages.
There are two types of simple lipids, namely fats
Fats are formed by joining fatty acids to a glycerol
and waxes .
molecule.
Fatty
Fats acid + Glycerol →
WaxesFat
fatty acid
glycerol
Examples of fats include monoglyceride, fatty acid
diglyceride and triglyceride. fatty acid
1.2 Lipids Structure
What is the structure of Glycerol?
What is the structure of Fatty Acid?
Fatty Acid
1.2 Lipids Structure
Types of Fatty Acids
1. saturated 2. unsaturated
1.2 Lipids Structure
What is the structure of Fat?
How is it formed?
Fatty Acid
H2O
Condensation
Reaction
1.2 Lipids Structure
Ester linkage
1.2 Lipids Functions
Energy Storage
As a storage form of energy, triglyceride has
several advantages over starch or glycogen.
Mechanical
Energy value
protection
Metabolic Long-term
water store
Thermal
Buoyancy
insulation
1.2 Lipids Functions
Important components of cell
membranes
Cholesterol, glycolipids and phospholipids are
important components of cell membranes.
Cholesterol
Glycolipids
Phospholipids
1.2 Lipids Functions
Electrical insulation
Lipids are components of myelin sheath of nerve
cells (neurones). Here, they act as electrical
insulator, allowing rapid transmission of impulses
along myelinated neurones.
1.2 Lipids Functions
Signalling
Most lipid hormones
are steroid
hormones. They are
derived from
cholesterol.
Steroid homrones
(ends with ‘–ol’ or
‘-one’) includes
testosterone,
aldosterone and
cortisol.