Copyright by Hot, Rinehart and Winston, Al igs eserves, NAME CEs PROBLEM soLuTion es DATE __ CLASS _ Forces and the Laws of Motion Problem A Tao Before bunks, sailors slept in hammocks strung between beams below deck. Because the hammocks were suspended, they allowed the sailors to maintain a fairly level, horizontal position even though the ship itself might be rising and falling on the swells. Suppose a sailor is resting in a hammock. The gravitational force of Earth on the hammock is 150 N. The downward force that the resting sailor exerts on the hammock is an addi- tional 850 N. The supporting rope at one end of the hammock exerts a force of 780 N at an angle of 50.0° clockwise from the vertical. The rope at the other end exerts a force of 780 N at an angle of 50.0° counterclockwise from the vertical. A very simplified sketch of the situation is shown in (a).. Draw a free-body diagram of the hammock. 1. Identify the forces acting on the object and the directions of the forces. + Earth exerts a downward force of 150 N on the hammock, + The sailor exerts a force 850 N downward on the hammock. + Rope 1 exerts a force of 780.N at an angle of 50.0° clockwise from the vertical. + Rope 2 exerts a force of 780 N at an angle of 50.0° counterclockwise from the vertical 2. Draw a diagram to represent the isolated object. ‘The hammock can be represented by a simple outline, as shown in (b). 3. Draw and label vector arrows for all external forces acting on on the object. AA free-body diagram of the hammock will show all the forees acting on the hammock as if the forces are acting on the center of the hammock. First, draw the downward force that Earth exerts on the hammock as shown in (¢). Be sure that the length of the arrow approximately repre- sents the magnitude of the force. Then draw the force that the sailor exerts on the hammock as shown in (d). Continue by drawing and labeling the upward force exerted by Rope 1, as shown in (e). Repeat for Rope 2, as in diagram (f). Diagram (f) is the completed free-body diagram of the sus- pended hammock. @ ProblemA = Ch. 4-4NAME DATE CLASS @ Fearth-on-hammock Failor-on-hammock © Frope 1-on-hammock Fearth-on-hammock Freitoron-hammock cH Frope2-on-hammack Frope 1-on-hammock Fearth-on-hammock Fxilor-on-hammock DUT 1. Many orangutans spend their entie lives among the trees and are well adapted to move in this arboreal habitat They have long arms (about two-thirds oftheir body height) and powerful chest muscles. Suppose an adult orangutan is hang- ing by its arms from a tre branch. The angle between each ofthe animal's arms and the vertical is 15° with each arm exerting a force 430 N. The gravitational force acting on its 830 N. Draw a free-body diagram ofthe animal i ! Rock wall climbing is a challenging activity. Suppose that on one ascent, a climbing piton is wedged into a crevice on the rock wall. A climber negotiating the wall exerts a force of 350 N at an angle of 65° below the horizontal on a rope secured to the piton. The rock surrounding the piton exerts an upward force of 320 N and a horizontal force of 150 N to the left on the pin. Draw free-body diagram of the pin. 3. Amexperienced pilot can keep an engineless glider aircraft aloft for hours by using only the lift provided by rising ar currents Suppose during a flight an up- ward force of 5.003% 10° N is exerted on the glider. Simultaneotnly the plider ex- periences a forward force of 0.50 x 10° N. The gravitational force acting on the slider and its pilot is 4.80 10° N. Draw free-body diagram of the glider. Ch.4-2 Holt Physics Problem Banki 3 5 5 NAME DATE CLASS Forces and the Laws of Motion Wrea PROBLEM soccer players kick a ball at the same instant. One player kicks with a force of 65 N to the north, while the other player kicks with a force of 88N to the east. In what direction does the ball travel? soLuTioN 1.DEFINE Given: Frade Neast Diagram: F)=65N $N F=88N Z:PLAN Select acoordinate system and apply it to the free-body diagram. Choose the positive axis to align with east and the positive y-axis to align with north, B.CALCULATE Find the xand y components of all vectors. Fig=0N Fyy=65N F,y=88N Fy =0N Find the net external force in both the x and y directions. Faget EF Ft Fay ON +88 N= 88 N SN+ON=65N Find the direction of the net external force. Use the tangent function to find the angle Oof Fyet 36° north of east ALEVALUATE The direction is about three-fourths of the way to the midpoint (45°) between north and east. This corresponds closely to the ratio of 65 N to 88 N (0.74). ADDITIONAL PRACTICE 1. Two tugboats pull a barge across the harbor. One boat exerts a force of 75x 10*N north, while the second boat exerts a force of 9.5% 10" N at 15.0" north of west Precisely, in what direction does the barge move? 2. Three workers move a car by pulling on three ropes. The first worker ex- certs a force of 6.00 107 N to the north, the second a force of 7.50 107 N to the east, and the third 6.75 x 10? N at 30.0 cise direction does the car move? south of east. In what pre- ProblenB = Ch, 4.3