Cambridge International Examinations

Cambridge Ordinary Level

PAKISTAN STUDIES 2059/01

Paper 1 The History and Culture of Pakistan October/November 2018
1 hour 30 minutes
No Additional Materials are required.
* 5 9 9 8 2 8 8 3 6 5 *

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

An answer booklet is provided inside this question paper. You should follow the instructions on the front cover
of the answer booklet. If you need additional answer paper ask the invigilator for a continuation booklet.

Answer three questions.

Section A
Answer Question 1.

Section B
Answer any two questions.

The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

This document consists of 3 printed pages, 1 blank page and 2 Inserts.

DC (SC) 145037/4
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Section A

Answer the following question.

This question is about the Pakistan Movement between 1909 and 1919.

1 Study the sources (Insert) carefully and then answer the questions which follow.

(a) According to Source A, what reasons are suggested for the introduction of the Defence of
India Act in 1915? [3]

(b) How does Source B help us to understand what happened at Jallianwala Bagh in 1919? [5]

(c) Why was India not granted self-rule by Britain in 1919? [7]

(d) Which of the following had the most important effect on the Pakistan Movement between
1909 and 1919?

(i) the Morley–Minto reforms, 1909

(ii) the reversal of the Partition of Bengal, 1911
(iii) the Lucknow Pact, 1916

Explain your answer with reference to all three of the above. [10]

[Total: 25]

© UCLES 2018 2059/01/O/N/18

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Section B

Answer any two questions from this Section.

2 (a) Who was Lakshmibai? [4]

(b) Why did Syed Ahmad Barelvi call for Jihad to overthrow Sikh rule in the early nineteenth
century? [7]

(c) Was British expansion in India the most important reason for the decline of the Mughal
Empire? Explain your answer. [14]

[Total: 25]

3 (a) What was the Communal Award? [4]

(b) Explain how the British reacted to Hindu-led protests against the Partition of Bengal between
1906 and 1908. [7]

(c) Was the introduction of the Wardha Scheme the main reason why Congress rule
(1937–1939) was disliked by the Muslim community? Give reasons for your answer. [14]

[Total: 25]

4 (a) Describe the refugee crisis of 1947. [4]

(b) Why did educational reform become such an important issue between 1947 and 1999? [7]

(c) In which of the following did Zulfikar Ali Bhutto have most success?

(i) reform and control of the armed forces

(ii) constitutional reform
(iii) education and health reforms

Explain your answer with reference to all three of the above. [14]

[Total: 25]

5 (a) What was the Eighth Amendment? [4]

(b) Explain why Urdu was chosen as the national language of Pakistan in 1947. [7]

(c) How successful was Pakistan in its relationship with China between 1947 and 1999? Give
reasons for your answer. [14]

[Total: 25]

© UCLES 2018 2059/01/O/N/18

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