Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Presented by
PALLAVI(16AG1A05A1)
SABA NAAZ(16AG1A05A2)
SAHITHI(16AG1A05A3)
Scientific Management
❖ The process of approaching various aspects of
organizations in a scientific manner using scientific
tools such as research, management, and analysis.
Scientific Management Theorists
PURISTS TRANSITIONALISTS
Frederick Taylor Luther Gulick
Henry Gannt Max Weber
Frank and Lillian Gilbreth Henry Fayol
History of the Era
Industrial Age
• Migration to cities
• Reliance on electricity and
gasoline
• Changes both on the farm
and in factories
• Autos, airplanes, movies,
and radio became common
History of the Era
❖ 1913 – Federal Reserve
System created
❖ WWI begins and Panama
Canal opens
❖ 1919-1933 Prohibition
❖ 1920 - Nineteenth
Amendment
❖ 1929 - Stock Market Crash
Prior to Scientific Management
❖ Owner, manager, sales, and front office personnel had
little direct contact with production activity.
❖ A “superintendent” was responsible for all planning and
staff functions.
❖ Worked with “journeyman” mechanics to try to schedule
production. No recognized staff functions.
❖ Work methods were determined by individual mechanics
based on personal experience, preference, and what tools
were available for the job. “Rule of Thumb”
Frederick Taylor
❖ Efficiency Expert in U.S. Steel
Industry
❖ Invented New Tool Designs
and Handling Methods
❖ Designed Stop-Watch Task
Timing
❖ Created Piece-Rate Payment
Scheme
❖ Developed Industrial
Departments
Time Studies and the Piece-Rate System
❖ Studied most efficient
worker
❖ Used stop-watch timing to
measure each production
step
❖ Eliminated any
unnecessary movements
❖ Designed standardized
instruction cards for
employees
❖ Employees paid for
meeting the established
rate of production
Henry Gannt
❖ Worked with Taylor at Midvale Steel Company
❖ Specialized in incentive wage plans
❖ Introduced a differential piece rate system – Task
work with a bonus
❖ Permitted workers to improve the production
system
❖ Introduced a bonus for foremen based on the
number of their workers who earned bonus
Gannt Chart Information
❖ Developed to help
industrial age managers
plan for mass production
❖ Utilized to coordinate
WWI shipbuilding
❖ Visual display used to
schedule based on time
Frank and Lillian Gilbreth
- Associates of Fredrick
Winslow Taylor, their work
was intertwined with his and
their motion studies predated
Taylor’s system first
published in 1903.
- Developed the laws of
human motion from which
evolved the principles of
motion economy
Frank and Lillian Gilbreth