IPv6 Routing

Part II

Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

Instructor: Joe Rinehart, CCIE #14256

IPv6 Routing
Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

In This Lesson:
 Understanding and Configuring IPv6 Routing
 IPv4 and IPv6 Coexistence Mechanisms
 Configuring IPv6 Lab Exercises

IPv6 Routing
Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

Understanding and Configuring IPv6 Routing

1. BGP for IPv6
2. Redistribution in IPv6
 IPv6 Routing
Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

Understanding and Configuring IPv6 Routing

BGP for IPv6
• Protocol Mechanics for IPv6 BGP
– Mechanics similar to BGP for IPv4
• Uses TCP port 79 for transport
• Formal neighbor relationships
• eBGP/iBGP neighbor types
• Route selection through path
attributes
• Neighbor/network statements
– Protocol differences
• IPv4 and IPv6 supported
simultaneously in the same device
• Multicast mode supported

IPv6 Routing
Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

Understanding and Configuring IPv6 Routing

BGP for IPv6
• Protocol Mechanics for IPv6 BGP
• Configuring IPv6 BGP
– Must enable routing using the ipv6
unicast-routing command
– Process is created using the command
address-family ipv6 under the BGP
routing process
– Neighbors manually configured using
the neighbor <IPv6 address>
remote-as <ASN> command
– Activate command must be used to
bring up neighbor relationship

IPv6 Routing
Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

Understanding and Configuring IPv6 Routing

BGP for IPv6
• Configuring IPv6 BGP
– Networks injected into the IPv6 BGP
process using the network or
redistribute commands (as with
IPv4)
– Show commands include:
• show ipv6 protocols
• show ipv6 route bgp
• show ipv6 bgp
 IPv6 Routing
Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

Understanding and Configuring IPv6 Routing

Redistribution in IPv6
• Protocol Mechanics for IPv6
Redistribution
– Mechanics similar to IPv4
• Redistribution derived from the IP
routing table rather than protocol
databases
• Identical administrative distances
used
• Route-filtering and manipulation is
similar (distribute-lists, route-
maps, etc.)
• Command syntax is similar

IPv6 Routing
Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

Understanding and Configuring IPv6 Routing

Redistribution in IPv6
• Protocol Mechanics for IPv6
Redistribution
– Differences from IPv4
• OSPFv3 does not require subnets
keyword to import all routes
• Connected routes not imported
from protocol without the
include-connected
subcommand
• Access-lists and prefix-lists use
IPv6 formats rather than IPv4
formats

IPv6 Routing
Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

Understanding and Configuring IPv6 Routing

Redistribution in IPv6
• Configuring IPv6 Redistribution
– Must enable routing using the ipv6
unicast-routing command
– For connected routes, use the
command redistribute connected
[metric <number>] [route-map
<map-name>]
– For BGP and RIP, use the command
redistribute <rip <process> |
bgp <ASN> [metric <number>]
[route-map <map-name>]
 IPv6 Routing
Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

Understanding and Configuring IPv6 Routing

Redistribution in IPv6
• Configuring IPv6 Redistribution
– For EIGRP, use the command
redistribute eigrp <ASN> [metric
<number>] [route-map <map-
name>] [include-connected]
– For OSPF, use the command
redistribute ospf<process-id>
[match <route-type> [metric
<number>] [route-map <map-
name>] [include-connected]
– Show commands for verification
similar for IPv4 redistribution, using
the IPv6 keyword

IPv6 Routing
Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

IPv4 and IPv6 Coexistence Mechanisms

1. Dual Stack Solutions
2. Tunneling Mechanisms
3. NAT Protocol Translator

IPv6 Routing
Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

IPv4 and IPv6 Coexistence Mechanisms

Dual Stack Solutions
• Dual Stack Solutions Deploy both IPv4
and IPv6 side by side
– Applications choose which protocol
– Requires both IPv4 and IPv6
addresses to be configured on the
device
– Typically Cisco recommended
approach
– Microsoft Windows hosts (vista,
Windows 7) will prefer IPv6
– Requires double the configuration on
devices
 IPv6 Routing
Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

IPv4 and IPv6 Coexistence Mechanisms

Tunneling Mechanisms
• Manually Configured Tunnels (MCT)
– Requires use of tunnel interfaces on
both ends of the connection
• Must have valid IPv4 source and
destinations (tunnel source and
tunnel destination)
• Tunnel mode must be specified as
IPv6 over IP (tunnel mode
ipv6ip not GRE)
• verify successful configuration
– Tunnel interface up/up
– Able to ping/reach other side

IPv6 Routing
Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

IPv4 and IPv6 Coexistence Mechanisms

Tunneling Mechanisms
• Manually Configured Tunnels
– IPv6 parameters also required
• IPv6 address configured using
ipv6 address command (both ends
on the tunnel)
• Add IPv6 routing commands
– Static routes
– Dynamic routing protocols
• verify IPv6 tunnel is operational:
– show ipv6 route connected
– IPv6 ping/traceroute

IPv6 Routing
Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

IPv4 and IPv6 Coexistence Mechanisms

Tunneling Mechanisms
• Automatic Tunnels
– 6to4 Tunnels
• Unique characteristics
– Used to join multiple isolated
IPv6 domains together
– Multipoint in nature rather
than point-to-point
– IPv4 addresses embedded in
IPv6 addresses in hexadecimal
using the 2002::/16 reserved
range
– Also possible to use global
unicast with additional config
 IPv6 Routing
Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

IPv4 and IPv6 Coexistence Mechanisms

Tunneling Mechanisms
• Automatic Tunnels
– 6to4 Tunnels
• Configuration
– Tunnel mode must be
specified as IPv6 over IP 6to4
(tunnel mode ipv6ip 6to4)
– Tunnel source typically tied to
local IPv4 loopback address
– IPv6 addresses created using
format
2002:AABB:CCDD:Subnet::/64
(AABBCCDD is IPv4 address in
hexadecimal)

IPv6 Routing
Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

IPv4 and IPv6 Coexistence Mechanisms

Tunneling Mechanisms
• Automatic Tunnels
– 6to4 Tunnels
• Configuration
– Static routes must be added
to enable routing between all
spokes of the tunnel, using
the command ipv6 route
2002::/16 Tunnel
<interface#>
• Verify IPv6 tunnel is operational:
– show ipv6 route connected
– IPv6 ping/traceroute

IPv6 Routing
Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

IPv4 and IPv6 Coexistence Mechanisms

Tunneling Mechanisms
• Automatic Tunnels
– IPv4-Compatible Tunnels
• Unique characteristics
– Used to join multiple IPv6
domains together
– Multipoint in nature rather
than point-to-point
– IPv6 global unicast addresses
uses rather than reserved
range
– IPv4 addresses embedded in
in hexadecimal using the
0:0:0:0:0:0:AABBCCDD range
 IPv6 Routing
Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

IPv4 and IPv6 Coexistence Mechanisms

Tunneling Mechanisms
• Automatic Tunnels
– IPv4-Compatible Tunnels
• Configuration
– Tunnel mode must be
specified as IPv6 over IP 6to4
(tunnel mode ipv6ip auto-
tunnel)
– Tunnel source typically tied to
local IPv4 loopback address
– IPv6 addresses created using
format ::AA:BB:CC:DD
(AABBCCDD is IPv4 address in
hexadecimal)

IPv6 Routing
Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

IPv4 and IPv6 Coexistence Mechanisms

Tunneling Mechanisms
• Automatic Tunnels
– IPv4-Compatible Tunnels
• Configuration
– BGP used to exchange routing
information for both IPv6 and
IPv6
• Verify IPv6 tunnel is operational:
– show ipv6 route connected
– show ip bgp
– show ip route bgp
– IPv6 ping/traceroute

IPv6 Routing
Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

IPv4 and IPv6 Coexistence Mechanisms

Tunneling Mechanisms
• Automatic Tunnels
– ISATAP Tunnels
• Unique characteristics
– ISATAP stands for Intra-site
Automatic Tunnel Protocol
– Used to join multiple IPv6
domains together
– Multipoint in nature rather
than point-to-point
– Uses IPv6 global unicast
addresses
 IPv6 Routing
Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

IPv4 and IPv6 Coexistence Mechanisms

Tunneling Mechanisms
• Automatic Tunnels
– ISATAP Tunnels
• Unique characteristics
– IPv4 addresses embedded in
the last two octets in
hexadecimal using the IPv6-
Prefix:AA:BB:CC:DD range
– Tunnels usually use a single
prefix (i.e., common IPv6
subnet)
– Tunnel interface can optionally
be discovered using modified
EU-164 rules

IPv6 Routing
Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

IPv4 and IPv6 Coexistence Mechanisms

Tunneling Mechanisms
• Automatic Tunnels
– ISATAP Tunnels
• Configuration
– Tunnel mode must be
specified as IPv6 over IP 6to4
(tunnel mode ipv6ip
isatap)
– Tunnel source typically tied to
local IPv4 loopback address
– IPv6 addresses created using
format IPv6-
Prefix:AA:BB:CC:DD (IPv4
address in hexadecimal)

IPv6 Routing
Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

IPv4 and IPv6 Coexistence Mechanisms

Tunneling Mechanisms
• Automatic Tunnels
– ISATAP Tunnels
• Configuration
– Static routes must be added
to enable routing between all
spokes of the tunnel, using
the command ipv6 route
Prefix/Length Tunnel
<interface#>
• Verify IPv6 tunnel is operational:
– show ipv6 route
– IPv6 ping/traceroute
 IPv6 Routing
Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

IPv4 and IPv6 Coexistence Mechanisms

Tunneling Mechanisms
• Automatic Tunnels
– Other Tunneling Methods
• GRE Tunneling
– Virtually identical to manually
configured tunnel
– Tunnel mode must be
specified as IPv6 over IP 6to4
(tunnel mode gre ip)
– Allows use of dynamic routing
• Teredo Tunneling
– Developed by Microsoft
– Bypasses NAT

IPv6 Routing
Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

IPv4 and IPv6 Coexistence Mechanisms

NAT Protocol Translator
• Unique characteristics
– Similar options to IPv4 NAT
• Static
• Dynamic
• Overload/PAT
– Differences
• Additional option called IPv4-
Mapped NAT (predefined IPv6
prefix defined for use)
• BVI interfaces not supported
• Limited application layer gateway
support (with DNS, ICMP, etc.)

IPv6 Routing
Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

IPv4 and IPv6 Coexistence Mechanisms

NAT Protocol Translator
• Configuration
– Identification of IPv6 addresses to
translate using the ipv6 nat
<prefix>/<length> command
– Specifying the IPv6 and IPv4
interfaces using the ipv6 nat
subcommand
– For mapped NAT, add the v4-
mapped keyword after the prefix
statement
– For static NAT, define translations
using ipv6 nat <v4v6|v6v4>
source commands
 IPv6 Routing
Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

IPv4 and IPv6 Coexistence Mechanisms

NAT Protocol Translator
• Configuration
– For PAT, define translations using the
following steps
• Definition of the addresses to be
translated using the ipv6 access-
list command
• Create the mapping on an
interface using the command
ipv6 nat v6v4 source list
<ipv6-acl>interface
<type/number> overload
• Alternatively, a NAT pool can be
defined

IPv6 Routing
Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

IPv4 and IPv6 Coexistence Mechanisms

NAT Protocol Translator
• Verification
– show ipv6 nat translations
– show ipv6 nat statistics
– clear ipv6 nat translation *
– debug ipv6 nat [detailed | port]
• NAT-PT is considered somewhat obsolete
and is not the recommended transition
method
– Dual stack most preferred
– Tunneling mechanisms preferred
when necessary

IPv6 Routing
Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

Configuring IPv6 Lab Exercises

1. Review of IPv6 Configuration Commands
2. Devices Involved in BGP Domain
3. Configuration of IPv6 Devices
4. Verification of IPv6 Operation
 IPv6 Routing
Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

Configuring IPv6 Lab Exercises

Review of IPv6 Configuration
Commands
• Assignment of IPv6 Addresses
– ipv6 address <prefix>/<length>
– Interfaces to define/use
• Loopback (identify as Loopback 6)
• WAN/vLAN Interfaces
– R1 S0/0.134
– R3/R4 S0
– R1/R3 FA0/0.13
• Tunnel Interfaces
– R5/R9 GRE Tunnel

IPv6 Routing
Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

Configuring IPv6 Lab Exercises

Review of IPv6 Configuration
Commands
• Assignment of IPv6 Addresses
– Interfaces to define/use
• Tunnel Interfaces
– R1/R6 IPv4-Compatible Tunnel
– R6/R7 Manually Configured
Tunnel
• Configuration of IPv6 Routing
– Starting process using the ipv6
unicast-routing command in global
configuration mode

IPv6 Routing
Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

Configuring IPv6 Lab Exercises

Review of IPv6 Configuration
Commands
• Configuration of IPv6 Routing
– Configuration of RIPng process
• Enabling process using the ipv6
router rip <process-name>
command
• Placing interfaces into the protocol
using the ipv6 rip <process-
name> enable command
– Configuration of IPv6 EIGRP process
• Enabling process using the ipv6
router eigrp <ASN> command
 IPv6 Routing
Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

Configuring IPv6 Lab Exercises

Review of IPv6 Configuration
Commands
• Configuration of IPv6 Routing
– Configuration of IPv6 EIGRP process
• Enabling process using the ipv6
router eigrp <ASN> command
• Placing interfaces into the protocol
using the ipv6 eigrp <ASN>
enable command
• Include GRE tunnel interfaces in
the routing process
• Do not perform any type of route
filtering

IPv6 Routing
Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

Configuring IPv6 Lab Exercises

Review of IPv6 Configuration
Commands
• Configuration of Tunneling
– Configuration of GRE tunnels between
R5 and R6 using the commands:
• interface tunnel 0
• tunnel mode gre ip
• tunnel source <ip-address>
• tunnel destination <ip-
address>
• ipv6 address
<prefix>/<length>

IPv6 Routing
Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

Configuring IPv6 Lab Exercises

Review of IPv6 Configuration
Commands
• Configuration of Tunneling
– Configuration of MCT tunnel between
R6 and R7 using the commands:
• interface tunnel 0
• tunnel mode ipv6ip
• tunnel source <ip-address>
• tunnel destination <ip-
address>
• ipv6 address
<prefix>/<length>
• ipv6 route <prefix/length>
 IPv6 Routing
Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

Configuring IPv6 Lab Exercises

Review of IPv6 Configuration
Commands
• Configuration of Tunneling
– Configuration of IPv4 compatible
tunnel between R1 and R6 using the
commands:
• interface tunnel 0
• tunnel mode ipv6ip auto-
tunnel
• tunnel source <ip-address>
• ipv6 address
<0:0:0:0:0:0:<ipv4-address>
• address-family ipv6 (for BGP)

IPv6 Routing
Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

Configuring IPv6 Lab Exercises

Devices Involved in IPv6
• Router 1 (R1)
– VLAN interfaces (VLAN 99, 13)
– S0/0.134 interface
– Loopback 6 interface
– Tunnel interface
• Router 3 (R3)
– VLAN interface (VLAN 13)
– S0/0 interface
– Loopback 6 interface
• Router 4 (R4)
– S0/0 interface
– Loopback 6 interface

IPv6 Routing
Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

Configuring IPv6 Lab Exercises

Devices Involved in IPv6
• Router 5 (R5)/Router 9 (R9)
– Loopback 6 interface
– Tunnel interface
• Router 6 (R6)
– VLAN interface (VLAN 99)
– Loopback 6 interface
– Tunnel interfaces
• Router 7 (R7)
– Loopback 6 interface
– Tunnel interface
 IPv6 Routing
Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

Configuring IPv6 Lab Exercises

Configuration of IPv6 Devices
• Configure all loopback interfaces as
loopback 6 with addresses using the
format (N=router number)
2001:C926:101:NNNN:NNNN:NNNN:NNN
N:N/128
• Configure frame-relay interface addresses
using the format (N=router number)
2001:C926:101:134::N/112
• Configure GRE/MCT tunnels using the
format 2001:C926:101:NY::N/112
(N=router number, Y=neighbor router)
• Configure IPv4 tunnels using the format
<0:0:0:0:0:0:<ipv4-address>

IPv6 Routing
Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

Configuring IPv6 Lab Exercises

Configuration of IPv6 Devices
• Configure static routes for the manually
configured tunnel sites
• Configure RIPng on R1/R3/R4 using the
process name IPv6-RIP
• Configure EIGRP on R5 and R6 using the
autonomous system number 100
Verification of IPv6 Operation
• Confirming that IPv6 itself is correct:
– Examine the output of the show
ipv6 interfaces command and verify
expected interfaces are operational
– Examine the output of the show
ipv6 route connected command

IPv6 Routing
Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

Configuring IPv6 Lab Exercises

Verification of IPv6 Operation
• Confirming that IPv6 RIP is operating
correctly:
– Examine the output of the show
ipv6 protocols command (see left)
• verify process is running
• verify networks/subnets
– Confirm the presence of expected
networks in the routing table using
the show ipv6 route rip command
– Examine the output of the show ipv6
rip <process name> command and
verify details are correct
 IPv6 Routing
Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

Configuring IPv6 Lab Exercises

Verification of IPv6 Operation
• Confirming that IPv6 EIGRP is operating
correctly:
– Examine the output of the show
ipv6 protocols command (see left)
• Verify process is running
• Verify networks/subnets
– Confirm the presence of expected
networks in the routing table using
the show ipv6 route eigrp command
– Confirm active neighbor relationships
using the show ipv6 eigrp <ASN>
neighbors command

IPv6 Routing
Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

Configuring IPv6 Lab Exercises

Verification of IPv6 Operation
• Confirming that IPv6 EIGRP is operating
correctly:
– Examine the output of show ipv6
eigrp <ASN> interfaces command
• Expected interfaces appear
• Correct ASN is displayed
• Peers are shown in interface
statistics (non-zero)
– Examine the output of the show
ipv6 eigrp <ASN> topology
command
• Successor/feasible successors
present

IPv6 Routing
Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

Configuring IPv6 Lab Exercises

Verification of IPv6 Operation
• Confirming that IPv6 Static Routing (via
tunnels) is operating correctly:
– Examine the output of the show ip
interfaces tunnel <tunnel #>
command
• Interface state is up/up
• Source is correctly identified
• Interface is operational
– Examine the output of the show
ipv6 route static command
• Routes present in the table
• Next-hop correctly identified
 IPv6 Routing
Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

Configuring IPv6 Lab Exercises

verification of IPv6 Operation
• Confirming that IPv6 Static Routing (via
tunnels) is operating correctly:
– Test for end-to-end connectivity
• Use the ping ipv6 <ipv6-address>
command to verify reachability
• Use the traceroute ipv6 <ipv6-
address> to review path
• Execute the telnet <ipv6-address>
to fully verify application layer
reachability

IPv6 Routing
Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

Key Terms You Should Know

Dual Stack — IPv4 to IPv6 transition mechanism in which both
protocols are actively configured on devices
MCT — Manually Configured Tunnel, an IPv4 to IPv6 transition
mechanism in which a point-to-point tunnel is used to transport
IPv6 traffic across an IPv4 domain
6to4 — Automatically generated tunnel, an IPv4 to IPv6
transition mechanism in which a multipoint tunnel is used to
transport isolated IPv6 domains across an IPv4 domain
(typically uses addressing in the 2002:/16 range)
ISATAP — Intra-site Automatic Tunnel Protocol, an IPv4 to IPv6
transition mechanism in which a multipoint tunnel is used to
transport IPv6 s across an IPv4 domain (uses global addresses)
NAT-PT — NAT Protocol Translator, IPv4 to IPv6 transition
mechanism in which IPv6 addresses are translated to IPv4

IPv6 Routing
Cisco CCNP ROUTE Training

What We Covered

 Understanding and Configuring IPv6 Routing

 IPv4 and IPv6 Coexistence Mechanisms

 Configuring IPv6 Lab Exercises