1.

Phase change from superheated liquid at 1 bar and 376 K (assumption) to two-phase mixture at 373 K.
Let x be the mass fraction of the water that is vaporized to steam.
𝐶𝑝 (373 − 376) + 𝑥(𝐻𝑣 − 𝐻𝑙 ) = 0
−𝐶𝑝 (373 − 376) −4.215(3)
𝑥= = = 0.0056
(𝐻𝑣 − 𝐻𝑙 ) −2257.4
The volume change is equal to:
𝑥𝑉𝑣 + (1 − 𝑥)𝑉𝑙 − 𝑉𝑙 𝑥(𝑉𝑣 − 𝑉𝑙 ) 0.0056(1.6939 − 0.00104)
× 100% = × 100% = = 911.54%
𝑉𝑙 𝑉𝑙 0.00104
2.
Assume Raoult’s Law is applicable for n-hexane and n-heptane.

moles liquid moles vapor total

n-hexane L1 112-L1 112
n-heptane L2 155-L2 155
nitrogen 0 14 14

𝐿1
𝑥1 =
𝐿1 + 𝐿2
𝑥2 = 1 − 𝑥1
Raoult’s Law:
𝐿1 𝐿2
(0.199) + (0.083) = 𝑃
𝐿1 + 𝐿2 𝐿1 + 𝐿2
𝑉 = 648 𝐿 − 0.146(𝐿1 ) − 0.162(𝐿2 )
𝑛𝑅𝑇 (281 − 𝐿1 − 𝐿2 )𝑅𝑇
𝑃= =
𝑉 648 − 0.146𝐿1 − 0.162𝐿2
𝐿1 𝐿2 (281 − 𝐿1 − 𝐿2 )𝑅𝑇
(0.199) + (0.083) =
𝐿1 + 𝐿2 𝐿1 + 𝐿2 648 − 0.146𝐿1 − 0.162𝐿2
𝑥1 𝑃1 𝑦1 𝐿1 112 − 𝐿1 155
= → = → 155𝐿1 = 112𝐿2 → 𝐿2 = 𝐿
𝑥2 𝑃2 𝑦2 𝐿2 155 − 𝐿2 112 1
1
𝑥1 = = 0.419 → 𝑥2 = 0.581
155
1 + 112

𝑃 = 0.199(0.419) + (0.083)(0.581) = 0.132 𝑀𝑃𝑎 = 1.3 𝑎𝑡𝑚

 155
( 281 − (1 + 112) 𝐿1 ) (0.08206)365
1.3 𝑎𝑡𝑚 =
0.162(155)
648 − 0.146𝐿1 − 112 𝐿1

𝐿1 = 106.79 𝑚𝑜𝑙 → 𝐿2 = 147.80 𝑚𝑜𝑙

moles liquid moles vapor total
n-hexane 106.79 5.21 112
n-heptane 147.79 7.21 155
nitrogen 0 14 14
total 254.58 26.42 281

Fraction liquid Fraction vapor

n-hexane 0.419 0.197
n-heptane 0.581 0.273
nitrogen 0 0.530