EE-222 ELECTRIC MACHINES LAB

G Raghunath 170020025 , Uday Singh Meena 170020014

March 23, 2019

SPEED CONTROL OF A DC SHUNT MOTOR UNDER NO

LOAD

Contents
1 Name Plate Details 1

2 Range of Apparatus 1

3 Observations 1
3.1 Armature voltage control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
3.2 Field control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

4 Post Lab 2
4.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
4.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

5 RESULT : 3

6 Post Lab Questions: 3

6.1 why we use : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
6.2 construction: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

1
1 Name Plate Details

DC motor Name Plate readings

Rated power 5HP
Rated voltage 230 V
Rated current 22.5A
Rated speed 1440 RPM

Table 1: DC shunt motor name plate readings

2 Range of Apparatus

S.No Apparatus Type(dc/ac) Range MF

1 Ammeter DC 0-3 A 10
2 Ammeter DC 0-10 A 1
3 Voltmeter DC 0-250V 1/2
4 Rheostat (Ra ) DC (18 + 18)Ω –
5 Rheostat (Rf ) DC 300Ω –

Table 2: Apparatus range for speed control test

3 Observations
3.1 Armature voltage control

S.no Speed(rpm) Ia (Amps) If (Amps) Va (volts)

1 1410 0.65 0.53 227.5
2 1391 0.65 0.53 222.5
3 1325 0.65 0.53 212.5
4 1306 0.65 0.53 210
5 1289 0.65 0.53 207.5
6 1276 0.65 0.53 205
7 1253 0.65 0.53 200
8 1234 0.65 0.53 197.5

Table 3: observation table for armature voltage control

symbols used :
Speed : Speed of the rotor as measured by tachometer
Ia : Current through the armature coils A-AA in Amperes
Va : Voltage across the armature coil in volts
If : Current through the field coil Z-ZZ in Amperes

1
3.2 Field control

S.no If (Amps) Speed(rpm) Va (volts)

1 0.64 1340 225
2 0.6 1362 225
3 0.56 1385 225
4 0.53 1432 225
5 0.52 1436 225
6 0.48 1462 225
7 0.46 1494 225
8 0.44 1500 225
9 0.43 1505 225

Table 4: observation table for field control

symbols used :
Speed : Speed of the rotor as measured by tachometer
Ia : Current through the armature coils A-AA in Amperes
Va : Voltage across the armature coil in volts
If : Current through the field coil Z-ZZ in Amperes

4 Post Lab
4.1

Figure 1: plot for the armature voltage control

2
4.2

Figure 2: plot for the armature voltage control

5 RESULT :
• As the armature voltage is increased the speed of the motor is increased linearly .
• When the rotor rotates at the rated speed , we decreased the field current to reduce the filed flux so
as to increase the speed above the rated speed
• As the field current is decreased the rotor speed increases non linearly . It is increases quadratically

6 Post Lab Questions:

1. What happens if the armature voltage control is used for acheving speeds
above the rated speed?
You can’t get speeds above rated speed using armature voltage control method,
because applied voltage can’t go beyond rating, otherwise it will damage machine
insulation , which are designed for rated voltage, if voltage goes beyond rating ,
dielectric of the insulator will face huge electric stress and can breakdown . So we
go for flux weakening method , in constant power mode , to increase speed beyond
rating.
2. What if the field control is used for the speeds below the rated speed ?
The flux cannot usually be increased beyond its normal values because of the sat-
uration of the iron. Therefore, speed control by flux is limited to the weakening of

3
 the field, which gives an increase in speed. This method is applicable over only to a
limited range because if the field is weakened too much, there is a loss of stability.
3. Applications where the speed control of DC shunt motor is useful?
lathes,fans,pumps disc and band saw drive requiring moderate torques
4. Why do we need the 3 point starter for a DC machine ? Explain its
construction?

6.1 why we use :

The resistance of the armature R is very small. In most of the cases the resistance
is not even 1 ohm. It would be around 0.4–0.8 ohm. So if you apply a voltage of
220 then the starting current would be somewhere around 250–300A which is way
too high. To control this current we use the 3 point starter. The starter increase
the resistance and there by controls the starting current. In this process the induced
emf starts developing. As you move the starter for point 1 to point 2 the resistance
is decreased. However a little induced emf is already developed by that time and
hence current is limited. By the time the starter reaches it maximum point the
induced emf E is developed completely. Hence at the end point of the starter the
external resistance is zero i.e. the net equivalent is the motor itself.

6.2 construction:

The DC motor based 3 point starter mainly includes three terminals namely L, A,
and F. Here, L( line terminal) is connected to the positive supply, A (armature ter-
minal) is connected to the windings of an armature terminal, and F (field terminal)
is connected to the winding of field terminal.
The construction of 3 point starter includes a resistance ‘R’ for controlling the initial
current. The ’H’ handle in the circuit kept in the OFF condition with a spring ‘S’.
The H handle can be operated manually for motor operation. At the beginning of
the motor position, the motor field winding gets the total supply voltage, & the
armature current is restricted to the particular secure value by the resistance R.

THE END OF THE POSTLAB SHEET