ANATOMY  Evals 3 Rationalization 
 HISTOLOGY: Epithelium, Connective Tissue, Bone and Cartilage, Muscle 
Tissue, Nervous Tissue, Skin and Appendages 

Rationalized by: Luke Viajedor a. Its duct has branches.

- False, the compound type of gland is the one which
Basic tissue/s characterized by closely packed cells that have has a branched duct.
minimal or no intervening intercellular substance: b. Its secretory portion consists of alveoli or acini.
Select one: c. Its secretory portion consists of exclusively of mucous
a. epithelial tissue alveoli or acini.
b. connective tissue d. a & b above
c. nervous tissue
​d. a & c above
- both tissues are highly cellular. The nervous tissue Glands with serous demilunes are:
arise from the ectoderm while the epithelial tissue Select one:
arises from the 3 germ layers. a. serous glands
b. apocrine glands
Intercellular junction/s between epithelial cells that form/s a c. mixed glands
band that completely surrounds the cell: - serous demilunes are serous cells that forms a
Select one: crescent caps at the periphery of a mucous cell.
a. zonula occludens Hence it is a mixed type of gland. Example of gland
b. zonula adherens with serous demilunes is the Submandibular gland.
c. desmosome
- only forms a button-like or rivet -like adhesions
arranged in a line around the cell.
​d. a & b above
- The zonula occludens is the most apically situated
junctional complex which prevents substances from
passing in between the epithelia. The cell
membranes with this type of junctional complexes
either stick together and sometimes fuse. The zonula
adherens is usually located inferior to the zonula
occludens. The cell membrane with this type of
zonula occludens doesn’t stick or adhere to each
other since they are separated by a narrow d. compound glands
intercellular space.
Flattened, stellate and contractile cells that are present
TRUE of endocrine glands: between the secretory epithelial cells and the basal lamina of
Select one: many exocrine glands:
a. They deliver their secretions onto the surface epithelium. Select one:
- it refers to the Exocrine glands a. pericytes
b. They are ductless. - contractile cells associated with small blood vessels.
c. Their secretions are called hormones. b. myocytes
d. b & c above - other term for muscle cells which comprises the
- Endocrine glands are ductless glands which exists as cellular elements of the muscle tissue.
a separate organ, such as the adrenal gland, or c. myoepithelial cells
components of organs. These glands secrete
hormones, which are chemical messengers, into the
blood which is then carried into different tissues or
organs of the body.

TRUE of a simple branched alveolar gland:

Select one:

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 - forms secretory portions of all the glands
d. surface epithelium
- Surface epithelium that covers the external surfaces
are known as Covering Epithelium while the lining of
the internal surface of the body is known as Lining
Epithelium.

Surface epithelium that consists of two layers of cells where

the cells in the superficial layer are flattened while those that
are in the basal layer are columnar:
Select one:
a. pseudostratified columnar epithelium
- consist of only a single layer of cell but appears to be
d. all for the above having multiple layers since the nucleus is at the
different levels. Ex. Lining of trachea, bronchi, nasal
Glands whose secretory material includes the cells or cavity
remnants of the cells that produced the secretory material: b. stratified columnar epithelium
Select one: - rare type of epithelium where the superficial cells
a. merocrine glands are columnar in shape. Ex. Conjunctiva
- releases their secretions through exocytosis c. stratified squamous epithelium
b. apocrine glands d. stratified cuboidal epithelium
- secretion includes only the apical portion of the - usually consists of 2-3 layers of cells where the
secretory cell topmost layer are cuboidal cells. Ex. Sweat glands,
c. holocrine glands developing ovarian follicles
d. all of the above
Epithelium characterized by cuboidal cells called “umbrella
TRUE of the basal lamina on which epithelial cells rest: cells”:
Select one: Select one:
a. It is present in all epithelial tissues. a. pseudostratified columnar epithelium
b. It provides structural support for the epithelium. b. transitional epithelium
c. It is produced by the epithelial cells that rest on it. - found in the urinary bladder
d. All of the above

c. stratified columnar epithelium

d. stratified cuboidal epithelium

Which of the following fibrillar elements form part of the

cytoskeleton of epithelial cells?
Question text Select one:
Tissue that covers the external surfaces and lines the internal a. F-actin
surfaces of the body: b. keratin
Select one: c. microtubules
a. nervous tissue d. all of the above
b. connective tissue
c. glandular epithelium

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Specialized structures on the apical surfaces of epithelial cells b. It attaches to “core proteins” to form proteoglycan
that grow out of and remain attached to centrioles: molecules.
Select one: - False, according to Doc Gonzales, hyaluronic acids is
a. stereocilia where the proteoglycans are attached to form
- the core consists of actin filaments attached to the proteoglycan complexes or aggregates.
plasma membrane c. It is the least abundant GAG in the ground substance.
- microvilli as long as cilia - False, it is the most abundant GAG according to Doc
b. cilia Gonzales.
- composed of microtubules formed from the d. All of the above.
centriole.
- flagellum​- long cilia e.g. spermatozoon Extracellular connective tissue fibers that branch:
c. microvilli Select one:
- the core consists of actin filaments attached to the a. collagen fibers
plasma membrane - These fibers are arranged in parallel fashion and
d. a & b above does not branch.
b. elastic fibers
Surface modifications on epithelial cells that are designed to c. reticular fibers
increase the apical or basal surface area of the epithelium: d. b & c above
Select one:
a. microvilli Molecular precursor of elastic fiber that is secreted by
b. cilia fibroblasts:
c. basal infoldings of the plasmallema Select one:
d. a & c above a. tropoelastin

Intercellular junction between to enable adjacent cells to

communicate with each other:
Select one:
a. zonula occludens
b. desmosome
c. zonula adherens
d. gap junction

b. proelastin
c. procollagen
- precursor of collagen fiber (procollagen →
tropocollagen → collagen microfibrils → collagen
fibrils
→ collagen fibers)
d. none of the above

Extracellular connective tissue fibers that stain black when

impregnated with silver salts:
Select one:
TRUE of hyaluronic acid in the ground substance of a. collagen fibers
connective tissue: - stained blue with Masson’s Trichome
Select one: b. elastic fibers
a. It serves as the backbone of proteoglycan complexes. - stained blue to black with orcein
c. reticular fibers

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d. b & c above
c. elastic lamellae
Connective tissue fibers that are made up of collagen type III: d. b & c above
Select one:
a. collagen fibers The mesenchymal cell is the stem cell for the following
- composed of Collagen Type I fiber connective tissue cell/s:
b. elastic fibers Select one:
- composed of elastin surrounded by microfibrils, a. adipocytes
mostly fibrilin
c. reticular fibers

b. macrophages
- differentiate from monocyte
c. mast cells
- derived from Colony-Forming Unit- Mast Cell
d. a & c above (CFU-Mast) from the bone marrow
d. all of the above
Question text
Fibrillin is a component of: TRUE of fibroblasts:
Select one: Select one:
a. collagen fibers a. They synthesize glycosaminoglycans
b. elastic fibers b. They differentiate from mesenchymal cells.
c. They are capable of mitosis.
d. All of the above

New adipocytes can be produced by:

Select one:
a. mitosis of existing adipocytes
b. differentiation of pre-fat cells
c. differentiation from monocytes
d. a & b above

TRUE of macrophages:

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Select one: a. mucoid tissue
a. They differentiate from monocytes. b. reticular tissue
b. They contain numerous lysosomes. - Reticular cell
c. In connective tissue, they are sometimes referred to as c. adipose tissue
histiocytes. - Adipocyte
d. All of the above d. ordinary loose connective tissue
- Other names aside from histiocytes: - Fibroblast
- pulmonary alveolar macrophage (alveoli or
lungs) Connective tissue that comprise the dermis, capsule of organs
- Kupffer cell (sinusoids of liver) like the liver, lymph node and dura mater:
Select one:
Which of the following connective tissue cells originate from a. dense irregular connective tissue
the bone marrow? b. elastic tissue
Select one: - Ligamentum flava of vertebral column, suspensory
a. mast cells ligament
b. macrophages c. dense regular connective tissue
c. plasma cells - Tendons, ligaments, fibrous membranes
d. all of the above d. loose connective tissue
- hypodermis, Tunica adventitia of blood vessels,
Lamina propria of GIT, Respiratory and urogenital
tracts

Which of the following connective tissue cells produce TRUE of neurons:

antibodies? Select one:
Select one: a. They exhibit the properties of irritability and conductivity
a. macrophages to a high degree.
- major role in non-immune or inflammatory b. They are capable of mitosis.
response by engulfing and digesting invading c. They arise from embryonic mesoderm.
microorganisms and exogenous material d. All of the above
b. mast cells
- involved in immediate type of hypersensitivity Feature/s of a typical neuron that suggest/s it is actively
reactions, anaphylaxis, wound healing and defense producing a lot neurotransmitters: Its nucleus contains finely
against pathogens because it contains histamine and dispersed chromatin.
heparin Select one:
c. plasma cells a. It has a very prominent nucleolus.
d. b & c above b. It has a well-developed rER.
c. Its nucleus contains finely dispersed chromatin.
Mast cells and basophils contain histamine and heparin, but d. All of the above
compared to basophils, mast cells:
Select one: TRUE of Nissl bodies:
a. are bigger Select one:
- basophils are smaller but more mobile a. They are made up of secretory vesicles.
b. live longer - False, they are predominantly composed of rER for
- mast cells last for weeks to months while basophils protein synthesis
only live for a few days b. They are involved in the synthesis of neurotransmitters.
c. do not circulate in blood c. They are present in the cell body and all the processes of
- it’s because mast cells settle permanently in the neuron.
connective tissue - False, they are present in soma and dendrites only
d. all of the above d. All of the above
Note​: ​Mast cells can also divide but basophils cannot
In myelinated nerve fibers, the point of discontinuity between
Connective tissue where the ​predominant cellular element​ is successive Schwann cells where the axon gives-off branches is
the mesenchymal cell: called:
Select one: Select one:

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a. bouton en-passant- varicosities; expanded portion of d. any of the above
presynaptic membrane is along the axon
b. node of Ranvier CSF circulates in the:
c. synapse Select one:
d. incisure of Schmidt-Lantermann- points of separation in a. epidural space
myelin layers in fixed specimens from PNS b. subarachnoid space
c. subdural space
The connective tissue that envelops each nerve fascicle in a d. all of the above
nerve:
Select one: In the CNS, the tracts are located in the:
a. epineurium Select one:
b. endoneurium a. gray matter
c. perineurium b. white matter
d. fascia c. both
d. neither
Functionally, most neurons are:
Select one: Neuroglial cells that envelop the cell bodies of neurons in
a. interneurons ganglia:
b. both sensory and motor Select one:
c. motor a. microglia
d. sensory b. astrocytes
c. oligodendrocytes
d. satellite cells
Question text
The following are examples of encapsulated sensory nerve
The axon terminations that participate in the formation of endings, EXCEPT:
encapsulated sensory nerve endings are those of: Select one:
Select one: a. lanceolate endings
a. unipolar neurons- rare except in early embryonic b. motor endplate
development c. Vater-Pacinian corpuscle- sensitive to vibration and
b. bipolar neurons- found in vestibular and cochlear ganglia pressure
and olfactory epithelium d. Meissner’s corpuscle- sensitive to touch
c. multipolar neurons- most common
d. pseudounipolar neurons Neurons that control the activity of smooth muscles are
called:
Glial cells that form scar tissue in damaged areas in the CNS: Select one:
Select one: a. somatic efferent neurons
a. microglia b. somatic afferent neurons
b. ependymal cells c. visceral efferent neurons
c. oligodendrocytes d. visceral afferent neurons
d. astrocytes
The following statements about the skin are correct:
Electrical synapses are actually: Select one:
Select one: a. It is the largest organ.
a. zonula adherens b. Provides immunologic information.
b. desmosomes c. Conveys sensory information.
c. zonula occludens d. All of the above
d. gap junctions
Proteolytic degradation of cell desmosomes in the superficial
In nervous tissue, the presynaptic cell can be: layer of the stratum corneum is carried out by the following:
Select one: Select one:
a. a neuron a. KLK 5
b. a muscle cell b. KLK 7
c. a gland cell c. KLK 14

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d. All of the above - the cytoplasm of cells in stratum germinativum are
BASOPHILIC not eosinophilic
Lamellar bodies are assembled in which of the following c. Cells are mitotically active
organelles? d. Only a and c are correct
Select one:
a. Golgi apparatus Layer of the epidermis which contain intercellular bridges and
b. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Nodes of Bizzozero:
c. Mitochondria Select one:
d. Plasma membrane a. Stratum spinosum
Note: Lamellar bodies- responsible for “waterproof” feature b. Stratum germinativum
or intercellular epidermal water barrier c. Stratum granulosum
d. Stratum corneum
The major structural protein of the cell envelope that The most distinctive feature of this epidermal layer is the
constitutes 80% of its total mass: presence of keratohyaline granules:
Select one: Select one:
a. Envoplakin a. Stratum lucidum
b. Involucrin b. Stratum germinativum
c. Loricrin c. Stratum granulosum
d. Cystatin d. Stratum spinosum
Note: Keratohyaline granules contain profillagrin (histidine
The most important component of the lipid envelope which and cysteine rich) and trichohyalin (produces hard keratin)​.
provides Teflon like coating on the cell surface:
Select one: Epidermal layer well seen only in thick skin consisting of 4 to
​a. Acylglucosylceramide 6 layers of flat, dead, anucleated keratinocytes:
​b. LDL cholesterol Select one:
​c. Cholesterol a. Stratum lucidum
d. Free fatty acids b. Stratum granulosum
c. Stratum spinosum
In what pH does the Lymphoepithelial Kazal type d. Stratum corneum
inhibitor(LEKTI)which is a physiological serine protease
inhibitor binds with Kallikrein related serine peptidases thus TRUE about thick skin:
preventing desmosomal cleavage in the stratum granulosum Select one:
and in the deeper layer of the stratum corneum: a. Hairless
Select one: b. Stratum lucidum is present
a. 4.5 c. Longer dermal papillae
b. 7.17 d. All of the above
c. 3
d. 6 True about thin skin:
Select one:
Keratinization process involves the following EXCEPT: a. Thin stratum corneum.
Select one: b. There are five (5) epidermal layers present.
a. Breakdown of the cell’s nuclei and other organelles c. Thick stratum spinosum.
b. Change in pH from acidic in the stratum germinativum to d. All of the above are TRUE.
neutral pH in the stratum corneum and stratum dysjunctum. Note: It also has poor developed stratum granulosum and
c. Thickening of the plasma membrane ABSENT stratum lucidum
d. Aggregation of keratin filaments into tonofibrils through
the action of the protein fillagrin. The major structural protein of the epidermis:
Select one:
The following are characteristics of the stratum a. Fillagrin
germinativum: b. Desmoplakin
Select one: c. Keratin
a. Composed of a single layer of tall cuboidal cells. d. Elafin
b. Have large nucleus with eosinophillic cytoplasm
The predominant cell type of the epidermis:

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Select one: b. I-band- thin filaments NOT overlapped by thick filaments
a. Keratinocytes c. H-band
b. Merkel cell d. None of the above
c. Langerhans cell Note: M-Line- ​composed by lateral connections made
d. Melanocytes between adjacent thick filaments. Thin dark band that bisects
H- band.
Cells that are multinucleated:
Select one: Which of the following region/s of the myofibril diminish/es
a. skeletal muscle cells in width when a muscle fiber contracts?
b. cardiac muscle cells Select one:
c. smooth muscle cells a. A-band
d. a & b above b. I-band
c. H-band
Muscle cells that branch: d. b & c above
Select one:
a. skeletal muscle cells Structures that transmits the depolarization impulse from the
b. cardiac muscle cells surface of a skeletal muscle cell to the junctions of the A- and
c. smooth muscle cells I-bands:
d. b & c above Select one:
a. motor endplates
Connective tissue that envelops a muscle fascicle: b. sarcoplasmic reticula
Select one: c. T-tubules
a. endomysium d. efferent fibers of somatic motor neuron
b. epimysium
c. superficial fascia Proprioceptive organ of skeletal muscles that are made up of
d. perimysium several modified striated muscle fibers (intrafusal fibers) that
are provided with sensory nerve endings.
TRUE of myofibrils: Select one:
Select one: a. Neuromuscular spindle
a. They are made up of sarcomeres that are laid end to end. b. Golgi tendon organ
b. They fill the cytoplasm of skeletal but not of smooth and c. both
cardiac muscle cells. d. neither
c. They exhibit alternating light and dark bands.
d. a & c above TRUE of the types of skeletal muscle fibers:
Select one:
TRUE of a sarcomere: a. Red muscle fibers are smaller than white muscle fibers.
Select one: b. The white muscle fibers contract at a slower rate than red
a. It spans two M-lines. muscle fibers.
- False, It spans two z-lines c. The white muscle fibers contain more mitochondria,
b. It is made up of myofilaments. glycogen granules and myoglobin.
c. It is bisected by the Z-line. d. All of the above
d. All of the above
Specialized junctional complex that is NOT present in the
TRUE of thin filaments in sarcomeres: intercalated discs of cardiac muscle:
Select one: Select one:
a. They are more numerous than the thick filaments. a. gap junction
b. Their principal protein component is F-actin. b. fascia adherens
c. They have binding sites for the heads of myosin molecules. c. desmosome
d. All of the above d. zonula occludens

Region of the sarcomere that consist of thick filaments that TRUE of Purkinje fibers in the heart:
are not overlapped by thin filaments: Select one:
Select one: a. They are modified but still contractile cardiac muscle cells.
a. A-band- thick filaments partly overlapped by thin filaments

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 b. They comprise the impulse conducting system of the c. both
heart. d. neither
c. They form motor endplates with the axon terminals of
somatic efferent motor neurons. TRUE of bone matrix:
d. b & c above Select one:
a. Its ground substance does not contain GAGs.
TRUE of smooth muscle cells: b. Its extracellular fibers are mainly type II collagen fibers.
Select one: c. Its inorganic content consists mainly of crystals that are in
a. They contain a single, oval and centrally located nucleus. the form of calcium hydroxyapatite.
b. They are not striated because their myofilaments do not d. All of the above
form myofibrils.
c. Their contraction is initiated by the interaction of calcium The type of junctional complex that connects the processes of
ions with an enzyme called calmodulin-myosin light chain osteocytes in the bone canaliculi:
kinase. Select one:
d. All of the above a. desmosome
b. gap junction
TRUE of the myofilaments of smooth muscle cells: c. zonula occludens
Select one: d. all of the above
a. The thin filaments are anchored on dense bodies.
b. The thick filaments do not contain myosin. TRUE of osteoblasts:
c. The thin filaments possess troponin-tropomyosin Select one:
complexes that cover the binding sites on the actin a. They synthesize the components of bone matrix.
molecules. b. They are inside lacunae.
d. All of the above c. They are cells that can still mitose.
d. All of the above
Cartilage where the predominant extracellular fiber is
collagen type II: Which of the following cells come from the bone marrow?
Select one: Select one:
a. hyaline a. osteoblasts
b. elastic b. chondrocytes
c. fibrous c. osteocytes
d. a & b above d. osteoclasts

Cartilage type that is replaced by bone during endochondral TRUE of osteoclasts:

ossification: Select one:
Select one:` a. They are multinucleated giant cells.
a. hyaline b. They release the content of their lysosomes to the
b. elastic extracellular space at their ruffled border.
c. fibrous c. They are the target cells of parathyroid hormone.
d. none of the above d. a & b above

TRUE of osteoprogenitor cells: TRUE of Volkmann’s canals:

Select one: Select one:
a. They differentiate from mesenchymal cells. a. They are lined by endosteum.
b. They can give rise to chondroblasts and osteoblasts. b. They contain blood vessels that connect the blood vessels
c. They are present in the periosteum, perichondrium and in the Haversian canals to those in the medullary cavity and
endosteum. the periosteum.
d. All of the above c. They are present in both compact and spongy bone.
d. a & b above
Isogenous cells that are seen in hyaline cartilages are
evidence of: TRUE of spongy bone:
Select one: Select one:
a. interstitial growth
b. appositional growth

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 a. They consist of interconnecting bone spicules that form
the framework of a very complex system of interconnecting
compartments called marrow cavities.
b. They are characterized by Haversian systems.
c. Both
d. Neither

Bone formation that occurs in areas that is occupied by

mesenchyme:
Select one:
a. endochondral
b. intramembranous
c. both
d. neither

In the epiphyseal plate, osteoblasts that adhere to cartilage

fragments can be seen in which region?
Select one:
a. zone of proliferation
b. zone of calcification
c. zone of maturation
d. zone of ossification

The unending cycle of resorption and formation of Haversian

systems:
Select one:
a. external bone remodeling
b. intramembranous ossification
c. internal bone remodeling
d. endochondral ossification

Newly formed bone matrix fails to calcify when which

substance is deficient?
Select one:
a. vitamin C
b. vitamin A
c. vitamin D
d. human growth hormone

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