10/31/2016

DYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF SOIL

Dr. RAVI KANT MITTAL
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
BITS Pilani DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
Pilani | Dubai | Goa |
Hyderabad

Measurement of Properties: Field Tests

Low Strain Tests High Strain Tests

(i) Seismic Reflection (i) SPT
(ii) Seismic Refraction (ii) CPT
(iii) SASW Test (iii) DMT
(iv) Seismic Cross Hole (iv) PMT
(v) Cyclic Plate Load
(vi) Block Vibration

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Measurement of Properties: Laboratory

Low Strain Tests High Strain Tests

(i) Resonant Column (i) Cyclic Triaxial
(ii) Ultrasonic Pulse (ii) Cyclic Direct Simple
(iii) Piezoelectric Bender Shear Test
Element (iii) Cyclic Torsional
Model Tests
(i) Shaking Table
(ii) Centrifuge Tests

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DYNAMIC SOIL PROPERTIES

• The soil properties which are needed in
analysis and design of foundations are:
a) Dynamic Stiffness, Moduli, Young’s
modulus, Bulk modulus.
b) Damping ratio.
c) Dynamic elastic constants Cu, CΦ, Cτ,
CΨ.
d) Strength-deformation properties in
terms of strain rate effects.

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Barkan(1962)DYNAMIC ELASTIC CONSTANTS

Cu=Coefficient of elastic uniform compression
Ct = Coefficient of elastic uniform shear
Cj = Coefficient of elastic non uniform compression
Cy = Coefficient of elastic non uniform shear

Kz = Cu . A
h
Kx = Ct . A
Section
Kj = Cj . I
Ky = Cy . Jz a
A=a.b

ba 3 ab(a 2  b 2 )
I Jz 
12 12 Plan b
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DYNAMIC ELASTIC CONSTANTS

Inter-related
IS 5249 : 1992
Cu = (1.5 to 2.0 ) Ct
Cj = 3.46 Ct
Cy = 0.75 Cu

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CYCLIC PLATE LOAD TEST

• The Cyclic Plate Load test is performed
in a test pit dug upto the proposed base
level of the foundation.
• From the data obtained from a cyclic
plate load test, the load intensity versus
elastic rebound graph is plotted.
• The Slope of this graph gives coefficient
of elastic uniform compression.
p
Cu 
Se

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CYCLIC PLATE LOAD TEST

Determination of Cu

p
Cu 
Se

Determination of Cu
Cyclic Plate Load Test

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Block Resonance Test

Determination of Cu and Cτ

Block Resonance Test Determination of Cu and Cτ

Set up for block resonance test

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4 2fnz2 m
Cu 
A

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VERTICAL BLOCK RESONANCE TEST

• The vertical block resonance test is used for
determining the values of coefficient of elastic uniform
compression (Cu), Young’s modulus (E), damping ratio
(ξ) of the soil.
• The value of Cu is determined using the equation:
4 2 f nz2 m
Cu 
where A
Cu= Coefficient of elastic uniform compression of test block.

fnz= Natural Frequency of foundation soil system.

m= Mass of the block oscillator and motor

A= Base contact area of the block.

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VERTICAL BLOCK RESONANCE TEST

• From the value of Cu obtained from the test block, the
value of Cu1 for the actual foundation can be calculated
from the relation:

A
Cu1  Cu
where A1
A= Base contact area of the block
A1= Area Of Actual Foundation.
• The above relation is valid for areas of foundations upto
10 m2. For areas larger than 10 m2 the value of Cu
obtained for 10 m2 may be used.

• Barkan recommended that variation of

Cu02 be considered for base area up to 10
m2 and no variation be considered for area
greater than 10 m2.

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Procedure of Selecting Design Values of Dynamic

Elastic Constants
3.0 10 m2 area
(i) Determine Cu for 10 m2
area and 10kN/m2
Cu 2.0 o = 10kN/m2
confining pressure. (Kg/cm3)
1.0
Obtain the strain level
(ii) Plot the curve between 0
strain level and Cu
(iii) Assume the size of the
10-6 10-5 10-4 10-3
block b x l x h
Permisible Amplitude Strain Level
(iv) Design strain level =
b
(v) Obtain Cu from the plot

 10    oa 
0.5
Cu
(vi)  d

 
Cu  Aa   10 

Barkan(1962)DYNAMIC ELASTIC CONSTANTS

Cu=Coefficient of elastic uniform compression
Ct = Coefficient of elastic uniform shear
Cj = Coefficient of elastic non uniform compression
Cy = Coefficient of elastic non uniform shear

Kz = Cu . A h
Section
Kx = Ct . A
Kj = Cj . I
a
Ky = Cy . Jz
A=a.b
ba 3 ab(a 2  b 2 )
I Jz  Plan
12 12 b

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DYNAMIC ELASTIC CONSTANTS

Inter-related
IS 5249 : 1992
Cu = (1.5 to 2.0 ) Ct
Cj = 3.46 Ct
Cy = 0.75 Cu

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