Cantilevered Beam Using 1d and 2d Elements PDF

Workshop
Cantilevered Beam Using 1d and 2d

Elements
Cantilevered Beam Using 1d and 2d Elements 1 Copyright© 2018 MSC Software Corporation
• Workshop Objectives
– Compare the deformation and stress results between a quad element and a
bar element model of a cantilever beam.
• Software Version
– MSC Nastran 2018.0
– Patran 2018.0
• Problem Description
– Beam dimensions: 5”x1”x1.5” with a wall thickness of 0.1
– Beam material: Aluminum with E = 10 x 106 psi and n = 0.3.
– The beam is to be constrained at one end, and it has constant tip load of 10
lbf will be applied to the other end as shown in the figure on the next page.
– Model is generated twice
• Once using quad elements
• Next using bar elements
– Perform a static analysis
Figure: Loads and Boundary Conditions
these edges
held fixed
• Suggested Exercise Steps
1. Create a new database and name it cant_beam_2D.
2. Create solid geometry with dimensions 5”x1”x1.5”.
3. Create a Quad4 finite element mesh with global edge length = 0.5 on the
long faces of the solid.
4. Equivalence all nodes.
5. Display free edges.
6. Apply a downward load of 10 lbf to the location indicated in the Problem
Description.
7. Constrain the beam at the other end by fixing all six degrees of freedom at
all nodes.
8. Create an isotropic material for Aluminum with elastic modulus of 10E6 and
Poisson’s ratio of 0.3.
9. Create a 2D shell property with thickness = 0.1 and apply it to the 4 long
solid faces.
10.Set up and perform a linear static analysis.
11.Attach the results.
12.Plot displacement and x-component of stress.
13.Save a copy of this database and close it.
• Suggested Exercise Steps (Cont.)
14.Create a new database for the 1D element model.
15.Create a 5” length curve.
16.Create a 1D element mesh with Topology: Bar2 and Global Edge Length
of 0.5.
17.Create a node where the load will be applied [5 0.5 0.75]. This will offset
the load so it will be applied to an equivalent location as in the 2D model.
18.Create a rigid link from the end of the beam to the node where the load will
be applied.
19.Apply a 10 unit force in the negative y direction at the free end of the MPC.
20.Apply fixed constraints to the other end of the beam.
21.Create an isotropic material for Aluminum with elastic modulus of 10E6
and Poisson’s ratio of 0.3.
22.Create a bar element property. Use the Beam Library to create a
rectangular cross-section with a width of 1.5, a height of 1.0, and a
thickness of 0.1.
23.Run a linear static analysis.
24.Attach the results.
25.Plot displacement and x-component of stress.
Step 1. Create a Database for the 2D Beam
a
Create a new database for the 2D

element model:
a. Under Home tab, click New
from Defaults group.
b. Enter cant_beam_2D for File
Name. d
c. Click OK.
d. Select Default for Tolerance.
e. Select MSC.Nastran as
Analysis Code.
f. Select Structural as Analysis e
Type.
g. Click OK. f
g
b c
Step 2. Create Solid Geometry
Create solid geometry with a

dimensions 5”x1”x1.5”:
a. Under the Geometry tab, click
Select (from Solids group) >
XYZ.
b. Enter <5 1 1.5> for Vector
Coordinates List.
c. Click Apply.
d. Change to Iso 1 View.
Step 3. Create 2D Element Mesh
a
Create a Quad4 finite element

mesh with global edge length = 0.5
on the long faces of the solid:
a. Under the Meshing tab, click
Surface in the Meshers group.
b. Select
• Quad as Elem Shape
• Isomesh as Mesher b
• Quad4 as Topology
c. Shift select the 4 long faces of
the solid, not including the end
faces.
d. Disable Automatic
c
Calculation.
d
e. Enter 0.5 for Global Edge Note: In order to maintain e
Length. consistent node numbering in this
f. Click Apply. and subsequent workshops, select
the top surface first and the rest of
the surfaces in a clockwise
manner. Make sure that the input
matches exactly the Surface List in
the form shown here. f
Step 4. Equivalence All Nodes
a
Verify free edges and equivalence

the nodes.
Equivalence from FEM d
Actions group.
b. Select Free Edges as Display
Type.
c. Click Verify.
d. Yellow lines along the solid
edges indicate free edges in
the model. The faces are not
attached.
e. Click Apply. b
f. Click Reset.
c f
Notice that magenta colored

e
circles are drawn where
nodes are equivalenced.
Step 5. Display Free Edges
Check for free edges again:

Verify in the FEM Actions
group.
b. Select Free Edges as Display
Type.
c. Click Apply.
The yellow lines in the long direction no longer

appear. This means that the adjacent 2D quad
elements are connected.
Step 6. Apply a Force
a
Apply a downward load of 10 lbf to

the location indicated in the
Problem Description
a. Under the Loads/BCs tab, d
click Force from Nodal group.
b. Enter force for New Set
Name.
c. Click Input Data.
d. Enter <0 -10 0> for Force <F1
F2 F3 >.
e. Click OK.
c
e
Step 6. Apply a Force (Cont.)
Select application region for the force: a

a. Under the Home tab, click Label Control from Misc.
group. b
b. Select Point from Display Label toolbar.
c. Click Select Application Region.
d. Click Point from Picking filter toolbar.
e. Select Point 7.
f. Click Add.
g. Click OK.
h. Click Apply.
e
f
c
d
c
Note that Point 7 is
equivalent to Vertex h
Solid 1.2.2.2.
Step 7. Create Constraints
a
Constrain beam at the other end,

fixing all six degrees of freedom at
all nodes:
a. Under the Loads/BCs tab, d
click Displacement Constraint
from Nodal group.
b. Enter fix_end for New Set
Name.
d. Enter <0 0 0> for Translations
<T1 T2 T3 > and Rotations
<R1 R2 R3>.
e. Click OK. b
c
e
Step 7. Create Constraints (Cont.)
Select an application region for the constraint:

a. Click Select Application Region.
b. Click Curve or Edge from Picking Filter toolbar.
c. Shift select the 4 solid edges as shown.
d. Click Add.
e. Click OK.
f. Click Apply in the main form.
Select these edges

c
c
d
a
f
Step 8. Create Material
a
Create material :
a. Under the Properties tab, click
Isotropic from Isotropic
group. d
b. Enter aluminum as Material
Name.
c. Click Input Properties.
d. Enter
• Elastic Modulus = 10e6
• Poisson Ratio = 0.3
e. Click OK. b
f. Click Apply.
c
e
f
Step 9. Create Shell Property
a
Create a 2D shell property with

thickness = 0.1 and apply it to the
4 long solid faces d
a. Under the Properties tab, click
Shell in the 2D Properties
group. f
b. Enter alum_2D for Property
Set Name.
d. Click on the icon next to the
Mat Prop Name.
e. Select aluminum under Select
b
Existing Material.
f. Enter 0.1 for Thickness. g
g. Click OK.
e
c
g
e
Step 9. Create Shell Property (Cont.)
Select an application region for the element

property:
a. Click Select Application Region. g
b. For Select Members, select the 4 long
solid faces.
c. Click Add. f
d. Click OK.
e. Click Apply on Element Properties form.
f. Select Point from Display Label toolbar
to turn off Point label display.
g. Under Home tab, click Label Control from
Misc. group to turn off Display Label
toolbar display.
b
c
b
e
d
Step 10. Run the Analysis for 2D Beam
a
Set up and perform a linear static

analysis.
a. Under Analysis tab, click
Entire Model from Analyze d
group.
b. Enter cant_beam_2D for Job
Name. b
c. Click Solution Type.
d. Select LINEAR STATIC for
Solution Type.
e. Click OK.
f. Click Apply.
Step 11. Access Results for 2D Beam
a
Attach the xdb file to read the

results:
a. Under Analysis tab, click XDB
from Access Results group.
b. Click Select Results File.
c. Select cant_beam_2d.xdb.
d. Click OK. c
e. Click Apply.
Step 12. View Results for 2D Beam
a
Plot displacement result.

a. Under Results tab, click
Deformation from Results
Plots group.
b. Select Default, A1:Static b
Subcase under Select
Result Cases.
c. Select Displacements,
Translational for Select
Deformation Result.
d. Click Apply.
Step 12. View Results for 2D Beam (Cont.)
a
Display fringe plot of X-component d

of stress.
a. Under the Results tab, click
Fringe from Result Plots
e
group.
b. Select Stress Tensor under
Select Fringe Result.
c. Select X Component for
Quantity.
d. Click Plot Options.
e. Select Global as Coordinate
Transformation.
f. Click Apply.
Step 13. Save a Copy of the Database
d
Save a copy of this database for
later use for a transient analysis. a
a. Select File >Save a Copy.
b. Enter
cant_beam_transient for
File name.
c. Click Save.
d. Select File > Close.
b c
Step 14. Create a New Database for 1D Beam
a
Create a new database for the 1D

element model:
a. Under the Home tab, click New
from Defaults group.
b. Enter cant_beam_1D for File
Name.
c. Click OK.
d. Select Default for Tolerance. d
e. Select MSC.Nastran as
Analysis Code.
f. Select Structural as Analysis
Type.
g. Click OK. e
f
b c g
Step 15. Create Curve Geometry
Create a 5” length curve a

a. Under the Geometry tab, click
Select (from Curves group) >
d
LineByXYZ.
b. Enter <5 0 0> for Vector
Coordinates List.
c. Click Apply.
d. Change to Iso 1 View.
Step 16. Create 1D Element Mesh
a
Create a 1D element mesh with

Topology set to Bar2 and Global
Edge Length of 0.5
Curve from Meshers group.
b. Verify Topology is selected as
Bar2. c
c. Click in the Curve List text box b
and select the curve.
d. Disable Automatic
Calculation and enter 0.5 for c
Global Edge Length Value.
e. Click Apply. d
d
Step 17. Create a Node
b
Create a node where the load will

be applied [5 0.5 0.75]. This will a
offset the load so it will be applied
an equivalent location as in the 2D
model.
a. Turn on the Node Labels.
b. Under the Meshing tab, click
Edit in the Node group.
c. Enter [5 0.5 0.75] for Node
Location List.
d. Click Apply.
This will create Node

12, where the load
will be applied.
Step 18. Create a Rigid Link
a
Create a rigid link from the end of

the beam to the node where the
load will be applied.
a. Click RBE2 in the MPC group.
b. Click Define Terms.
c. Select Create Dependent.
d. Disable Auto Execute.
e. Click in the Node List text box
and select Node 11.
f. Shift-select UX, UY, UZ, RX,
RY, RZ under DOFs.
g. Click Apply. c
b
d
e
Step 18. Create a Rigid Link (Cont.)
Create a rigid link continued:

a. Notice that Create
Independent is active now.
b. Click in the Node List text box
and select Node 12.
c. Click Apply.
d. Click Cancel.
e. Click Apply.
b b
Notice that a magenta colored line

was drawn from Node 11 to Node 12.
This represents the rigid RBE2 MPC. e c d
Step 19. Apply a Concentrated Force
a
Apply a 10 unit force in the

negative y direction at the free end
of the MPC:
a. Under the Loads/BCs tab,
click Force from Nodal group.
b. Enter force_1d for New Set
Name.
g d
d. Enter <0 -10 0> for Force <F1
F2 F3 >.
e. Click OK.
f. Click Select Application h
Region.
g. Select FEM as Select. i
b
h. Select Node 12 for Select
Nodes.
i. Click Add.
j. Click OK.
k. Click Apply. c
f
j e k
Step 20. Apply Constraint
a
Apply a fixed constraint to the

other end of the beam
a. Click Displacement
Constraint from Nodal group.
b. Enter fix_it for New Set
g
Name.
d
d. Enter <0 0 0> for Translations
<T1 T2 T3 > and Rotations
h
<R1 R2 R3>.
e. Click OK. i
f. Click Select Application
Region.
g. Select FEM as Select.
b
h. Click in the Select Nodes text
box and select Node 1.
i. Click Add.
j. Click OK. c
j
k. Click Apply. f
e
k
Step 21. Create Material
a
Create an isotropic material for

Aluminum with elastic modulus of
10E6 and Poisson’s ratio of 0.3.
a. Under the Properties tab, click d
Isotropic from Isotropic
group.
b. Enter aluminum as Material
Name.
d. Enter
• Elastic Modulus = 10e6 b
• Poisson Ratio = 0.3
e. Click OK.
f. Click Apply.
c
e
f
Step 22. Create 1D Element Property
a
Create a bar element

property:
a. Under the Properties tab,
click Beam from 1D d
Properties group.
b. Enter alum_1D for
Property Set Name.
d. Click the icon to the right
of Mat Prop Name.
e. Select aluminum.
f b
f. Click Create Sections
Beam Library.
e
c
Step 22. Create 1D Element Property (Cont.)
Use the Beam Library to create a

rectangular cross-section with a
width of 1.5, a height of 1.0, and a d
thickness of 0.1.
a. Enter cross_sect for New
Section Name. a
b. Click the < or > buttons until
the hollow rectangular cross-
section icon appears. c
c. Click the hollow rectangular
cross-section. b
d. Enter: W = 1.5, H = 1.0, t1 =
e
0.1, t2 = 0.1. g
e. Click Calculate/Display.
f. Click OK.
g. Enter <0 1 0> for Bar
Orientation. f
h. Click OK.
Notice that the name “cross_sect” now appears on the
Input Properties form under Section Name. Area, Inertia,
and Torsional Constant have values. The values are
dimmed. To change them, it is necessary to modify the
cross-section.
h
Select the application region for the

element property:
a. Click Select Application Region.
b. Select Curve 1.
c. Click Add.
d. Click OK.
b
e. Click Apply. c
d
a
f
Verify the bar property: a
a. Select Display >
Load/BC/Elem. Props. e
b. Select 3D:FullSpan+Offsets
as Beam Display.
c. Click Apply then Cancel.
d. Verify that the height and width
are oriented correctly and that
the thickness looks reasonable.
e. Select Point from Display
Label toolbar to turn off Point
label display.
f. Under Home tab, click Label d
Control from Misc. group to
turn off Display Label toolbar b
display.
c c
Step 23. Run Analysis for 1D Beam
a
Run a Linear Static analysis.

a. Under the Analysis tab, click
Entire Model in the Analyze
group.
c
b. Click Solution Type.
c. Select LINEAR STATIC for
Solution Type.
d. Click OK.
e. Click Apply.
Step 24. Access Results for 1D Beam
a
Attach the xdb file to read the

results:
a. Under the Analysis tab, click
XDB in the Access Results
group.
b. Click Select Results File. c
c. Select cant_beam_1d.xdb.
d. Click OK.
e. Click Apply.
Step 25. View Results for 1D Beam
a
Create a deformation plot:

a. Under the Results tab, click Deformation in the Result Plots group.
b. Select Default, A1:Static Subcase under Select Result Cases.
c. Select Displacements, Translational under Select Deformation
Result. b
d. Click Apply.
a
Create a fringe plot of the x-component of the bar stresses

a. Click Fringe in the Result Plots group.
b. Select A1:Static Subcase under Select Result Cases.
c. Select Bar Stresses, Bending under Select Fringe Result.
d. Select X Component as Quantity.
e. Click Apply.
b

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Workshop

Cantilevered Beam Using 1d and 2d

Create a new database for the 2D

Create solid geometry with a

Create a Quad4 finite element

Verify free edges and equivalence

Notice that magenta colored

Check for free edges again:

The yellow lines in the long direction no longer

Apply a downward load of 10 lbf to

Select application region for the force: a

Constrain beam at the other end,

Select an application region for the constraint:

Select these edges

Create a 2D shell property with

Select an application region for the element

Set up and perform a linear static

Attach the xdb file to read the

Plot displacement result.

Display fringe plot of X-component d

Create a new database for the 1D

Create a 5” length curve a

Create a 1D element mesh with

Create a node where the load will

This will create Node

Create a rigid link from the end of

Create a rigid link continued:

Notice that a magenta colored line

Apply a 10 unit force in the

Apply a fixed constraint to the

Create an isotropic material for

Create a bar element

Use the Beam Library to create a

Select the application region for the

Run a Linear Static analysis.

Attach the xdb file to read the

Create a deformation plot:

Create a fringe plot of the x-component of the bar stresses

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