PROTECTING INFORMATION ASSETS

The sub-netting procedure includes separating the network and the subnet bit of the IP address

from the host identifier, which comprises of the system prefix, the subnets number and the
host number. Information activity between subnets is controlled by entryway PCs called

switches, which go about as physical borders between subnets.

So far by now there are 8 departments in the organization: Human Resources, Accounting,

Finance, Manufacturing, R&D, Engineering, IT and Compliance with 300 employees roughly

in each of the department.

For allocating the IP addresses for all the departments we need to have and understanding of

the address classes. First is the class A: if the first bit in the IP address is 0, it means the IP

address belongs to class A and it have addresses from 0.0.0.0 to 127.255.255.255. Second is

the class B: if the first bit in the IP address is 1, it means the IP address belongs to class B and

it have addresses from 128.0.0.0 to 191.255.255.255. Third is the class C: if the first two bits

in the IP address is 1 and a third bit without a 1, it means the IP address belongs to class B and

it have addresses from 192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.255. Fourth is class D: if the first three bits in

the IP address is 1 and a “0” for the next bit, it means the IP address belongs to class D and it

have addresses from 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255. Fifth class is E: if the first four bits in the

IP address is 1, it means the IP address belongs to class E and it have addresses from 240.0.0.0

to 255.255.255.255.
Assume that Human Resource and Accounting to be in first network, Finance and

manufacturing in second network, R&D and Engineering in third network, IT and compliance

in the fourth network.

So, now we will find the hosts for each network:

The count of hosts for each network = 2 ^ number of binary 0’s.

For the first network: Human Resource and Accounting since we have roughly 300 persons in

each department, let us assume that they require large networks and this belongs to Class A.

So, the IP addresses will be in the range of 1.0.0.0 – 127.255.255.255 and the addresses can

be used for networks that have hosts more than 65,536 up to 167,772,14 hosts.

For the second network: Finance and Manufacturing, let’s assume this requires the large

network enterprise and this belongs to the class B of the IP’s classes. The IP address ranges

from 128.0.0.0 – 191.255.255.255 and this address can be used for networks where the hosts

are between 256 – 65534 hosts.

For the third network: R&D and Engineering so let us assume that this network requires small

network and for this type of network the IP addresses will be in the range of 192.0.0.0 –

223.255.255.255 and belongs to the class C of the IP classes and can be used for the network

with hosts less than 254.

For the fourth network: IT and compliance since there will be more of the IT work involved

let’s assume that this network requires very large networks and for this kind of network the

address ranges from 1.0.0.0 – 127.255.255.255 and belongs to class A of the IP classes and

can be used for networks with more than 65,536 hosts.

Private Network of the IP Address:

If the IP address begins with the number 10, then this is class A Private address.

If the IP address begins with 172.16 - 31, then this is class B Private address.

If the IP address begins with 192.168, then this is class C Private address.

Suppose the first network has up to 300 hosts and the IP range will be from 0 – 127 so the IP

address will be 127.0.0.0

The second network has up to 40 hosts and the IP address range will be from 128 – 191 so the

IP address will be 191.0.0.1

The third network has up to 20 hosts so the IP address range will be from 192 – 223 so the IP

address will be from 192.168.0.0

The fourth network has up to 300 hosts so the IP address range will be from 0 – 127 and the

IP address will be 127.0.0.1

Subnet 2

Router B Switch B

Subnet 3

Subnet 1

Switch A Router A Subnet 5 Router C Switch C

Subnet 4

IP Address Range for subnetwork:

 IP Address Range Network Name Number of IP’s Subnet Mask
0-127 First 128 /25
128-191 Second 64 /26
192-223 Third 32 /27
0-127 Fourth 128 /25

IP Address Classes:

Class Type Octet Range Maximum Hosts Total Networks

Class A Very large 1-126 16,777,216(2^24) 128(2^7)

networks
Class B Large 128-191 65,536(2^16) 16,384(2^14)
Enterprise
Class C Small Business 192-223 256(2^8) 2,097,152(2^21)

Class D Multi Cast 224-239 N/A N/A

Class E Experimental 240-255 N/A N/A

The Easiest way to identify the type of network is:

If the first bit in the first octet is identified as the following, then

0 = Class A

10 = Class B

110 = Class C

1110 = Class D

1111 = Class E