Ruler 1 Ruler 3 Ruler 5

If the verb ends in an E we remove the E and If a two-syllable verb ends in a consonant + For words that end w, x and y, do not double
add ING. vowel + consonant, we do not double the final the last consonant; just add -ing:
consonant when the stress is on the first
to live living syllable. to enjoy enyoing
to have having to study studying
to make making to happen happening to snow snowing
to take taking to enter entering
to offer offering
to take taking

Ruler 2
Ruler 4 Ruler 6

If the verb ends in a consonant + vowel + If the verb ends in IE we change it to YING. The general rule when changing a verb into
consonant, we double the final consonant and its -ING form is just to add -ING to the end of
add ING. to lie lying the verb.
to die dying
to stop stopping to tie tying to sleep sleeping
to sit sitting to work working
to plan planning to go going