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Research Paper
Research Paper
I. Introduction
Water is a vital substance we need in our daily life. We wash in it, fish in it, swim in it, drink it
and cook with it, although probably not all at the same time. We are about two-thirds water and require
water to live. Life as we know it could not have evolved without water and dies without it. Droughts
cause famines and floods cause death and disease (Chaplin, 2018). Because of its clear importance,
water must be responsibly handled in order to supply the demands of the people without
compromising safe and quality water for public consumption.
With all these growing demand entails a challenge on efficient water treatment process which
can provide safe and quality water for all. In our current situation, available technologies such as
screening, filtration, micro- and ultrafiltration, crystallization, sedimentation, gravity separation,
flotation, precipitation, membrane separation, fluidization, neutralization and remineralization,
reduction and oxidation, and so on for water treatment are struggling to keep up with the pressure
exerted by population growth and global climate change which forces treatment processes to reach
their limits in providing sufficient quality to meet human and environmental needs.
Conventional methods work well, but recent notorious anthropogenic pollutants (result of
modern human life style) pose a challenge to purify/treat the contaminated water. A literature survey
reveals no single method sufficient to remove all pollutants from water. High operational costs
prevent use of sophisticated techniques. Moreover, efficiency of the treatment plants decreases during
the removal of contaminants. Thus, the existing technologies are not “100%” effective to supply
potable water (Upadhyayula et al., 2009). New and improved technologies for water purification are,
therefore, extremely important.