Chapter 6 Seismicity

SITE INVESTIGATION STUDY OF PLTG/MG/GU SORONG – 2 (50 MW)
CHAPTER 6
SEISMICITY
6.1 GENERAL
Indonesia occupies a very active tectonic zone because it has three large plates
of the world and nine small plates another converge each in the region of Indonesia
(figure 6.1) and establish converge of lane complex plate (Bird, 2003). The existence
of interactions between these plates assign the territory of Indonesia as a region is
very susceptible to earthquakes (Milson et al., 1992). This high seismic activity can be
seen from the results of recording where in the period of 1897-2009 more than 14,000
earthquakes with a magnitude M > 5.0.
Figure 6.1. Tectonics Plates which Affected on Indonesia

Archipelago and Surrounding
FINAL REPORT VI- 1

Figure 6.2. Map of Tectonics and Active Caesarean in Indonesia
Papua region dominated by three major lines of earthquakes, namely: Pacific

plate convergence zone and complex island of Papua New Guinea, Sorong Fault Line,
and AidunaTarairua Fault Line. With the relative velocity of the Pacific plate which is
around 120 mm/year, then it could be guessed that this region has the potential
earthquake about two-times bigger than the Sumatra-Java region which the
movement of its plate only 50-70 mm / year.
In fact, already very frequent large earthquakes occurred in the past, for
instance tsunami earthquake in Biak (Mw8.3) with thousands of casualties and the
earthquake that occurred in the Nabire region three times in 2004 with the strength
Mw7.1 until Mw7.6. It is now the population in the area of Irian Jaya is still a little as
well as the infrastructure is still underdeveloped, so even though the hazard is highest
in Indonesia region but its risk is not too high.
FINAL REPORT VI- 2

Figure 6.3. Map of Active Tectonic and Earthquake History in East Indonesia Region
6.2 TECTONICAL ORDER

The Indonesian archipelago is an archipelago arc-type structure with a unique
physiographic, namely trenches, arc-trench gaps, gravity anomalies, Volcanic arcs and
young mountain series with depth distribution characteristics of earthquakes along the
subduction zone. The unique physiographic shown in the form of tectonic conditions in
which in the northwest and southeast part successively occupied by the Asian
Continent Plate (Sunda Plate) and Australian continent plates where both the plates
establish stable area. In the northeast and Southwest successively occupied by Pacific
Ocean plate and Indian Ocean, meanwhile in the central part dominated by cutouts of
continent and ocean as well as by intermediate earth's crust. The area in the central
part known as the transition area.
Those continent cutouts reflecting that earth crust keratins has moved
(allochthone) since millions of years ago in which has shifted hundreds of kilometers
leave the place and keep moving until now. For example is Banggai-Sula fragment
which geographycally including the island of Banggai, Peleng and Sula. This small
continent cutout composed by rocks of continental origin which swept away by the
Sorong Fault to the west.
The impact of the collision between the Earth's crust plates of different types
raises the stress energy In geological features and within a certain time in which will
be released suddenly with a value of diverse magnitude earthquake. The potential of
large earthquakes (> 7.5) can occur along the plate boundaries of the earth's crust
(Ruff and Kanamori, 1983 and McCann et al., 1987).
FINAL REPORT VI- 3

Collision between East Sunda Arch (Banda arch) with plate of Western
Continent Australian sea form a mosaic of complex tectonic elements consisting of
various morpho-structural features. Therefore, on the eastern edge of the Sunda plate
scattered Makassar Extensional Basin, Doang Trench, Sulawesi Edge, Spermonde
Trench, Punggungan Selayar and Bone Basin. Meanwhile in the southern part occupied
by back arch basin which consist of Bali Basin, Lombok Trench, Flores Basin, Sub-
Wetar Sub-Basin. Another effect is the formation of fractures or faults in Sulawesi,
East Kalimantan, at the northern of Nusa Tenggara Timur and back arch structure.
Papua Province which located in the western part of Nugini Island often
considered as one of the areas that have a complex tectonic conditions in the world.
This is caused by a collision with an oblique angle between Pacific Ocean plate –
Caroline Plate that moves to the south at a speed of between 110 mm - 125 mm / yr
on the edges of the Australian continental plate. Oblique collision of the plates
produces the combination fracture movement of thrusting and shear throughout the
Irian island includes Membramo reverse fault lines in northern Papua, the highland
thrust belt of Central Papua, Sorong Fault/caesarean, Ransiki, Yapen, and Tarera–
Aiduna caesarean Zone which is concentrated around West Papua, head and neck of
Papua Bird. In another word, it can be concluded that New Guinea Trenches is a major
tectonic feature that can describe the boundary between the Pacific Plate and the
Australian Plate.
6.3 PAPUA SEISMICITY

Seismicity map is a map that shows earthquake activity. Earthquake activity
can be viewed from a variety ways, among them is by map of earthquakes
distribution. Each earthquake releases seismic wave energy, so that the collection of
an earthquake at a certain period in an area is also a way to describe the
concentration of earthquake activity.
To determine the potential for earthquakes in Papua conducted by using
earthquake data derived from earthquake catalog of NEIC USGS (United State
Geological Survey) in the study area during the specified period. The earthquakes
data selected with magnitudes >= 5 on the Richter scale. Because it was on this scale
the impact began to be felt.
In the study area, the number of earthquakes recorded from 1973 up to
August 2007 recorded 18.504 events with a range of strengths ranging between 2.9 -
8.3 M. In the the range of this year have occurred two (2) times a quake with a very
strong category, ie above 8 M as shown in Figure 6.4 below.
FINAL REPORT VI- 4

Figure 6.4. An earthquake with a Powerful Category i.e Above 8 M wich Occured
in the Time range 1973-2007
Earthquakes in the area of Earthquake Center Coordination Regional Area V

namely Province of Papua and West Papua since 1900 to 2010 there were 40 612 (forty
thousand six hundred and twelve) bush quake. This does not include the earthquakes
that do not successfully analyzed localized, or in other words not recorded.
Broadly speaking based on the depth of the earthquake then consist from
35.221 (Thirty-five thousand two hundred and twenty-one) shallow earthquakes (0 to
60 km asl); 5.283 (five thousand two hundred and eighty-three) middle earthquake (61
to 300 km asl); and 108 (One hundred and eight) deep eartquake (above 300 km asl)
or with each percentage 86.7% (eighty-six point seven percent); 13% (thirteen
percent); and 0.3% (zero point three percent).
FINAL REPORT VI- 5

Figure 6.5. Earthquake Distribution from the Year 1973 - 2007 in Papua Region
Based the magnitude, then consist from 23.597 (twenty-three thousand five
hundred and ninety-seven) earthquake with the the magnitude under 3,0 SR; 14.760
(fourteen thousand seven hundred and sixty) earthquake with the the magnitude 31
until 5,0 SR; 2.220 (two thousand two hundred and twenty) earthquake with the
magnitude 5,1 until 7,0 SR and 35 (thirty-five) earthquake with the magnitude 7,1
until 9,0 SR. The percentage respectively 58.1% (fifty-eight point one percent); 36.3%
(thirty-six point three percent); 5.5% (five point five percent) and 0.1% (zero point
one percent).
FINAL REPORT VI- 6

Figure 6.6. Map of Epicenter Density in Magnitude/Km2
Figure 6.7. Seismicity Map of Papua and West Papua (in 1900 – 2010)
FINAL REPORT VI- 7

Figure 6.8. Graph of The Relation of earthquake frequency – magnitudo

in Papua and West Papua (in 1900 – 2010)
Figure 6.9. Graph of The Relation of earthquake frequency – depth in

Papua and West Papua (in 1900 – 2010)
6.4 PEAK GROUND ACCELERATION (PGA)
Transfer of material commonly called displacement. While acceleration is a

parameter that states speeds changes ranging from silent state until at a certain
speed. In buildings that stood on the land requires the stability of the land in order
the building remains stable. Acceleration of seismic waves that reach the earth's
surface is also called ground acceleration, is a disorder that needs to be assessed for
each earthquake, then selected a maximum ground acceleration or Peak Ground
Acceleration (PGA) to be mapped in order to provide an understanding of the most
severe effects that ever experienced in a given location.
FINAL REPORT VI- 8

Table 6.1. Data and Parameters of Source Earthquake Fault for the area of Papua
and sorrounding
The primary effect of earthquakes is failure to good building structures such as

of public house buildings, high rise buildings, public facilities, monuments, bridges
and other infrastructure, which are caused by vibrations caused. The outline level of
failure might occur depends on the strength and quality of building, geological and
geotectonic conditions of location building, and velocity of soil on the building site
due earthquake.
The factor which the source of failure is expressed in the parameters of soil
acceleration. PGA data caused by earthquake vibrations illustrates the level of
earthquake risk in a particular location. The greater value of PGA has occurred at a
certain place, risk greater of earthquake will occur. Formula used in calculating of the
value PGA is to use Murphy - O’Brein Formula, as follows :
PGA = 10(0,14 I+0,24 M) − 0,68 (log d + 0,7)
Where :
PGA = Peak Ground Acceleration
I = MMI standard intensity
M = Earthquake magnitude
d = location of cross distance and earthquake source
FINAL REPORT VI- 9

Figure 6.10. Map of Distance Between Locations and Earthquake Sources
The calculation of PGA value will produce Map of Earthquake Hazard

Potention. The PGA Map itself is the result from 10% probability of occurrence in 50
years and 475-year return period earthquake. PGA Map which produced is a
modification of the Global Seismic Hazard Map by Global Seismic Hazard Assessment
Program (GSHAP). Adjustments made is conducting interpolation on the smaller grid
(higher resolution) became 500 x 500 m adjusted to the size of the study area. PGA
Value that produced will be categorized into the level of seismic hazard by following
the standard classification from GSHAP which are grouped into four (4) classes,
namely; Low - Medium - High - Very High.
FINAL REPORT VI- 10

Figure 6.11. Earthquake Hazard Levels Based on Standard

Classification from GSHAP
6.5 CONCEPT OF EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT PLANNING

Earthquake Planning resistant building structures, be required standard and
building planning regulations to ensure population toward safety while of major
earthquakes that may occur and ward, minimize risk to building structures and
frequent casualties from earthquakes.
Earthquake resistant building structures must have a strength, stiffness and
stability to prevent building collapse. The basic philosophy and concept of planning
earthquake resistant buildings :
1. While of the occurs a minor earthquake, the structure and function of building
must be carried out (serviced) the structure must be strong and there will be no
risk to the structural and non-structural elements of the building.
2. if a moderate and medium earthquake, the structure can be restored to risk
nonstructural elements, but risk structural elements is not permitted.
3. In the event of a large earthquake, risk to structural and non-structural elements
is permitted, but may not cause the building to collapse so there are no
casualties or can minimize the amount of casualties.
FINAL REPORT VI- 11

Water building is vital objects that its function remains as optimal possible at all
times other than that water buildings such as dams save danger, what if a failure
occurs then the risk cannot be accepted by anyone. Water building must be planned
to be safe for loads on normal and extreme conditions, that it can still operate
because of the loads program and doesn’t result in loss of life due to extreme loads,
one of the loads that must be taken into account in operating and extreme conditions
is earthquake. If a large earthquakes of thin occur and the dam isn’t ready to
anticipate of loads it will generate of large risk that cannot be tolerance.
Earthquake hazard maps according to national standards used in water building
design are earthquake hazard maps published in 2004, since then earthquake hazard
probability analysis methods have been developed, including the presence of new
functions and 3D earthquake source design. Over time, since the map was published
there have been significant earthquakes such as the Aceh earthquake (2004)
magnitude 9.2 SR, Nias (2005) magnitude 8.7 SR, and Yogjakarta (2006) magnitude 6.3
SR, and there has been a recent study of earthquake sources in the Indonesian region.
Related to this matter, it is considered important to update the earthquake hazard
map for dam design, that earthquake load in dam design can be more accurate.
Considering of water buildings are very diverse and have varying levels of risk,
it requires a more diverse Period of Earthquake Hazard Maps. For example for tapping
buildings, cross-building, closure embankment, flood embankment, and retaining wall
requires an earthquake return period of 20 - 50 years, and for dams for OBE a 100-200
year return period is required, and at MCE is 1000 years for risk class I , 3000 years for
risk class II, 5000 years for risk class III, and 10,000 years for risk class IV. Find this is
considered important for developing the Earthquake Map 2010. So research is needed
to develop the latest earthquake hazard maps with applications in water buildings.
Development of this map is done by using earthquake hazard maps that have been
carried out by the 2010 earthquake hazard map revision team as baseline data.
a. EARTHQUAKE ACCELERATION MAP

Earthquake hazard maps general used in water building designs were published
in 2004, made using 2 attenuation functions namely Fukushima and Tanaka (1990),
and Joy and Boore (1993), each of which produces a different map. The program in
calculating this earthquake hazard is Seisrisk III which is published by USGS.
Production of maps, source of the earthquake at subduction zone is obtained
by using data incident of earthquake for the Ms interval = 4.5; Ms = 5.5; Ms = 6.5; and
FINAL REPORT VI- 12

Ms = 7.5 observed during 100 years of observation. The active fault data used for
earthquake risk analysis consisted of 14 segments for Sumatra, 2 segments for Java
and 8 segments for Papua. Furthermore, the calculations are carried out at various
important coordinates in Sumatra, Java, Bali, Nusa Tenggara, East Timor, Kalimantan,
Sulawesi, Maluku and Papua. Required to obtain the maximum earthquake
acceleration contour map that may occur in the ground or bedrock in the calculation
period for each coordinate in the Indonesian earthquake zone map.
The maximum earthquake acceleration obtained has dont corrected by the
influence of the local soil type. The results of acceleration with the attenuation
function of Fukushima and Tanaka (1990) are greater (10% - 15%) than the
acceleration value of the earthquake coefficient using earthquake maps with
attenuation functions Joyner and Boore (1993). Therefore the Indonesian Earthquake
Zone Map can be used based on the Attenuation function of Fukushima and Tanaka
(1990) because it provides a conservative and safe but not excessive acceleration
value of the earthquake coefficient to the design results (Research Center for SDA,
2004).
Resultant of the Seismic Map for Water Buildings activities show a map of
earthquake acceleration in bedrock for return periods of 50, 100, 200, 1000, 3,000,
5,000 and 10,000 years. Acceleration map of the earthquake in 2010 was made with
the assumption of Class B bedrock, this causes the use of earthquake maps outside the
class to be corrected. The earthquake map used is the 2017 earthquake map.
Figure 6.12. Peak Acceleration in SB Basic Rocks for a probability

exceeding 20% in 10 years
FINAL REPORT VI- 13

Figure 6.13. Peak Acceleration in SB Base Rocks for a probability exceeding 10%
in 10 years
Figure 6.14. Peak Acceleration in SB Base Rocks for a probability exceeding 5% in

10 years
FINAL REPORT VI- 14

Figure 6.15. Peak Acceleration in SB Base Rocks for a probability exceeding 10%
in 50 years
Figure 6.16. Peak Acceleration in SB Basic Rocks for a probability exceeding 7% in

75 years
FINAL REPORT VI- 15


50 years

100 years
FINAL REPORT VI- 16


100 years
b. Classification Soil Types

Determining of earthquake acceleration general used in design and evaluation of
water buildings it usually used 2004 earthquake map, where be found are differences
in the notation between the 2004 earthquake map and the 2010 map, therefore it is
necessary to adjust the notation in the equation. Difference in the notation between
the 2004 earthquake map and the 2010 earthquake map can be seen in the following
Table 6.2 :
Table 6.2. Differences Notation Map Earthquake of 2004 and 2010
Explanation Notation 2004 Notation 2010
Acceleration Earthquake in ac Sb or Spga

Base Rock
Acceleration Maximum ad PGAm

Earthquake in Surface of Soil
Correction Influenced type v FPGA

of Sectional Soil
FINAL REPORT VI- 17

To determine peak acceleration of at ground level and use map results is to

multiply the acceleration amplification factor (FPGA) with a large peak acceleration on
the bedrock (SB) or certain of large Peak Ground Acceleration (SPGA). Classification of
soil type used to determined the FPGA can be seen in table 6.3, While of a value FPGA
determined of table 6.4.
Table 6.3. Classification of soil types from correlations of field and laboratory
investigations (Source: IBC, 2009)
Classification Type ̅ , (m/s)
𝑽 ̅ or ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑵 𝑵𝒄𝒉 ̅̅̅
𝑺𝒖 (kPa)
of Soil
a. Very dense soil ̅𝑠 ≤ 750
350 < 𝑉 ̅ > 50
𝑁 ̅̅̅
𝑆𝑢 ≥ 100
and soft of rock
b. Medium of soil ̅𝑠 ≤ 350
175 < 𝑉 ̅ ≤ 50
15 ≤ 𝑁 50 ≤ ̅̅̅
𝑆𝑢 ≤ 100
c. Clay ̅𝑠 < 175

𝑉 ̅ < 15
𝑁 ̅̅̅
𝑆𝑢 < 50
For each of soil profile with a thickness of more than 3 m with the
following characteristics :
1. plasticity index, PI > 20,
2. water content (w) ≥ 40 % and
3. undreined shear strength ̅̅̅
𝑆𝑢 < 25 kPa
d. location of For each either soil of profile or more characteristics such as:
requires  susceptible and potentially failing to earthquake loads such as
geotechnical liquefaction, very sensitive clay soil, cemented poor of soil
investigation and  high organic clay or turf (with a thickness of > 3 m)
specific  high palsticity (H thickness> 7.5 m with PI> 75)
dynamical respom  a layer of soft clay/rigid medium with a thickness of H> 35 m
analysis (specific
of soil)
Table 6.4. The magnitude of FPGA amplification factor value for peak acceleration
values at ground level (Source: IBC, 2009)
Classification Type Of Soil 𝑺𝑩 or 𝑺𝑷𝑮𝑨
PGA ≤ 0,1 PGA = 0,2 PGA = 0,3 PGA = 0,4 PGA ≥ 0,5
Site very dense soil and 1,2 1,2 1,1 1,0 1,0
soft rock (SC)
Site medium soil (SD) 1,6 1,4 1,2 1,1 1,0
Site soft soil (SE) 2,5 1,7 1,2 0,9 0,9
Specific soil SS SS SS SS SS
FINAL REPORT VI- 18

Note :
1. The Bedrock Site (SA) and Rock site (SB),Aacceleration value on the earthquake map
can be directly used because the amplification factor value or FPGA is 1.
2. For intermediate values linear interpolation can be done.
Explanation :
SB Or SPGA = The peak acceleration value in bedrock (SB) refers to the 2010
Indonesian Earthquake Map.
SS = Locations that require geotechnical investigation and specific
dynamic response analysis.
Acceleration of peaks at ground level is obtained using the following equation:

PGAM = FPGA x SB
Explanation :
PGAM = value of peak acceleration at ground level based on type of classification
soil.
FPGA = amplification factor for PGA
Following results of the earthquake coefficient calculation in PLTG / MG / GU Sorong-

2 (50 MW)
Table 6.5. Calculation Of Earthquake Coefficient in PLTG / MG / GU Sorong-2 Area
(50 MW)
JENIS TANAH
KALA ULANG B, Batuan C, Tanah Keras D, Tanah Sedang E, Tanah Lunak
PBA FPGA PSA PBA FPGA PSA PBA FPGA PSA PBA FPGA PSA
50 Tahun 0,05 1 0,05 0,05 1,2 0,06 0,05 1,6 0,081 0,05 2,5 0,126
100 Tahun 0,066 1 0,066 0,066 1,2 0,079 0,066 1,6 0,105 0,066 2,5 0,164
200 Tahun 0,079 1 0,079 0,079 1,2 0,095 0,079 1,6 0,127 0,079 2,5 0,199
500 Tahun 0,101 1 0,101 0,101 1,2 0,121 0,101 1,599 0,161 0,101 2,494 0,251
1000 tahun 0,124 1 0,124 0,124 1,2 0,148 0,124 1,553 0,192 0,124 2,312 0,286
2500 Tahun 0,155 1 0,155 0,155 1,2 0,185 0,155 1,491 0,23 0,155 2,064 0,319
10000 Tahun 0,205 1 0,205 0,205 1,195 0,245 0,205 1,39 0,285 0,205 1,676 0,343
Source: pgacal.pusair-pu.go.id
Explanation :
PBA (Peak Base Acceleration) = Acceleration of peak at the bedrock
PSA (Peak Surface Acceleration) = Acceleration of peaks at ground level = PBA x FPGA
FPGA = Amplification factor of soil
c. Risk Earthquake
Earthquake acceleration maps for return periods of 50, 100, 200, 500, 1000,
2500, and 10000 years, which then combined into one earthquake zone map, can be
FINAL REPORT VI- 19

used to predict earthquake acceleration for certain return periods. This matter can be
in view at "Guidelines for the Analysis of Type Urugan Stability Dam effect of
Earthquake (Rev. T-14-2004)".
Table 6.6. Characteristics Earthquake Risk Factors
Risk Factor number of weights in parentheses
Ekstrem High Moderat Low
Capacity (106m3) (FRK) > 100 100 – 1,25 1,00 – < 0,125
(6) (4) 0,125 (0)
(2)
High (m) (FRt) > 45 45 – 30 30 – 15 < 15
(6) (4) (2) (0)
Requirements of > 1000 1000 -100 100 – 1 0
evacuation (total person) (12) (8) (4) (0)
(FRe) Moderat Nothing
Downstream of damage Very High Medium (4) (0)
level (FRh) High (10) High
(12) (8)
d. Respons Spektrum
Concept of approach used for building planning of requirement. The definition
of spectrum response is the maximum response of a system of Single Degree of
Freedom (SDOF) structures both acceleration (a), speed (v), and displacement (d)
with the structure burdened by certain external forces.
While for each earthquake region be appointed of C-T Plan earthquake
response spectrum is determined as shown in Figure 6.21. The picture C is the
Earthquake Response Factor stated in the acceleration of gravity and T is the natural
vibration time of the building structure stated in seconds. For the value of T = 0 value
of C becomes equal to A0 where A0 is acceleration of peak the ground.
The design of response spectrum (Sa) in the 2012 SNI Earthquake was taken as
shown in Figure 1. The response spectrum is a modification of ASCE 7-10 design
response spectrum, where the TL long period transition that exists on ASCE 7-10 is not
defined in the 2012 Earthquake SNI. The parameters of spectral acceleration design
are taken as follows:
FINAL REPORT VI- 20

Where :
SDS = acceleration of spectral response parameters at low periods, with 5%
attenuation of criticism,
SD1 = acceleration of spectral response parameters in period of 1 second,
with 5% attenuation of criticism,
SMS = acceleration of spectral response parameters MCER in low periods that
have been adjusted for the effect of site class,
SM1 = acceleration of spectral response parameter MCER in 1 second period
which has been adjusted to the effect of site class.
SMS = FaSs
SM1 = FVS1
Where :
Ss = earthquake of acceleration spectral parameters MCER are mapped at
low periods, with 5% attenuation criticism in bedrock,
S1 = earthquake of acceleration spectral parameter MCER parameter is
mapped at a period of 1 second, with 5% attenuation of criticism in
bedrock,
Fa = site of coefficient for low periods (at 0.2 seconds), and
Fv = site of coefficient for long periods (on periods 1 seconds)
’
Figure 6.20. Acceleration ofresponse spectrum on SNI Earthquake
FINAL REPORT VI- 21

Figure 6.21. Planning Of Earthquakeresponse spectrum
Table 6.7. Types of SOil

Site of Class Vs (m/second) N or Nch Su (kPa)
SA (Bedrock) > 1500 N/A N/A
SB (Rock) 750 to 1500 N/A N/A
SC (hard soil, very 350 to 750 >50 ≥100
dense and soft rock)
SD (medium soil) 175 to 350 15 to 50 < 50
SE (clay) < 175 < 15 < 50
FINAL REPORT VI - 22
any soil of profile contain more than 3 m of soil with the

following characteristics:
1. Indeks plasticity , PI >20
2. Water content, w≥ 40 persentage , and shear strength niralir
Su < 25 kPa
SF (particular of soil Each of soil profile that has one or more of the following
, require of characteristics :
investigation  Disturbed and potentially fail or collapse due to earthquake
geologytechnical loads such as easy liquefaction, clay is very sensitive,
specific and analysis weakened soil is weak
respons spesific of  Clay very organic and/ or turf (thickness H > 3 m)
site in the follow  Clay plasticity very high (thickness H > 7,5 m with indeks
clause 6.9.1) plasticity pl > 75)
Layer of clay/ medium stiff with thikness H > 35 m with Su < 50
kPa.
NOTE, N/A = cant be used
Source : RSNI 03-1726-201x
In this case, determining the type of soil PLTG/MG/GU Sorong-2 (50 MW) Sorong
location of belong in SE site class (soft soil) the value of Vs can be taken in the range
of < 175 m/sec. And the value of N or Nch is taken in the range of < 15 and the value
of Su is at a value of < 50 kPa.
Table 6.8. Coeficient of Site, Fa location in PLTGU/MG/GU Sorong-2 (50) MW in

Sorong
Site Of Acceleration Parameter ofresponse spectruml Earthquake
Class (MCER) in Maps Low Periods, T = 0,2 Second, Ss
Ss ≤ 0,25 Ss = 0,5 Ss = 0,75 Ss = 1,0 Ss ≥ 1,25
SA 0,8 0,8 0,8 0,8 0,8

SB 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0
SC 1,2 1,2 1,1 1,0 1,0
SD 1,6 1,4 1,2 1,1 1,0
SE 2,5 1,7 1,2 0,9 0,9
SF SSb
Explanation :
(a) For the values between Ss, can be done linear interpolation
(b) SS = Sites that require specific geotechnical investigations and site-specific
response analyzes
Sources : SNI 03-1726-2012
--Result The Program Ofresponse spectrum Indonesia --
--Location Of Site--
Longitude : 131.25°
Latitude : 1.022475°
Return Periods Earthquake : 2500 years

--Acceleration Earthquake In Bedrock--
PGA : 0.15 g
MCER (T=0.2 detk) : 0.40 g
MCER (T=1 detk) : 0.30 g
--Factor Correction--
Crs : 1.16
Cr1 : 1.06
--Parameter Input--
Types of soil are selected is soft soil (SE)
Superiority factor taken as large 1.5
--Factor Amplification--
Fa (Factor amplification to low periods) : 1.99
Fv (Factor amplification to periods 1 seconds) : 2.77
F (PGA) (Factor amplification to periods 0) : 2.04
--PGA Maksimum--
PGA m (PGA maksimum) : 0.31
--Spektrum Maksimum--
SMS (low periods) : 1.22g
SM1 (periods 1 seconds) : 1.28g

SM0 (T = 0 seconds) : 0.48g
--Design Spektrum--
SDS (low periods) : 0.81g
SD1 (Periods 1 seconds) : 0.85g
SD0 (T = 0 seconds) : 0.32g
--Periods--
Ts (Buildings periods low periods) : 0.21 seconds
T1 (Buildings periods 1 seconds) : 1.05 seconds
Table 6.9. Acceleration Spektrum to Various T
Spektrum Maximum Spektrum design

Ts SA T1 SA
Second g Second g
0 0.488 0 0.325
0,02 0.574 0,02 0.383
0,05 0.661 0,05 0.441
0,07 0.748 0,07 0.498
0,1 0.835 0,1 0.556
0,12 0.921 0,12 0.614
0,15 1.008 0,15 0.672
0,17 1.095 0,17 0.73
0,2 1.182 0,2 0.788
0,22 1.22 0,22 0.813
0,25 1.22 0,25 0.813
0,27 1.22 0,27 0.813
0,3 1.22 0,3 0.813
0,32 1.22 0,32 0.813
0,35 1.22 0,35 0.813
0,37 1.22 0,37 0.813
0,4 1.22 0,4 0.813
0,42 1.22 0,42 0.813
0,45 1.22 0,45 0.813
0,47 1.22 0,47 0.813
0,5 1.22 0,5 0.813
0,52 1.22 0,52 0.813
0,55 1.22 0,55 0.813

Ts SA T1 SA
Second g Second g
0,57 1.22 0,57 0.813
0,6 1.22 0,6 0.813
0,62 1.22 0,62 0.813
0,65 1.22 0,65 0.813
0,67 1.22 0,67 0.813
0,7 1.22 0,7 0.813
0,72 1.22 0,72 0.813
0,75 1.22 0,75 0.813
0,77 1.22 0,77 0.813
0,8 1.22 0,8 0.813
0,82 1.22 0,82 0.813
0,85 1.22 0,85 0.813
0,87 1.22 0,87 0.813
0,9 1.22 0,9 0.813
0,92 1.22 0,92 0.813
0,95 1.22 0,95 0.813
0,97 1.22 0,97 0.813
1 1.22 1 0.813
1,02 1.22 1,02 0.813
1,05 1.22 1,05 0.813
1,07 1.197 1,07 0.798
1,1 1.17 1,1 0.78
1,12 1.144 1,12 0.762
1,15 1.119 1,15 0.746
1,17 1.095 1,17 0.73
1,2 1.072 1,2 0.715
1,22 1.05 1,22 0.7
1,25 1.029 1,25 0.686
1,27 1.009 1,27 0.673
1,3 0.99 1,3 0.66
1,32 0.971 1,32 0.647
1,35 0.953 1,35 0.635
1,37 0.936 1,37 0.624
1,4 0.919 1,4 0.612
1,42 0.903 1,42 0.602
1,45 0.887 1,45 0.591
1,47 0.872 1,47 0.581
1,5 0.858 1,5 0.572
1,52 0.844 1,52 0.562

Ts SA T1 SA
Second g Second g
1,55 0.83 1,55 0.553
1,57 0.817 1,57 0.544
1,6 0.804 1,6 0.536
1,62 0.792 1,62 0.528
1,65 0.78 1,65 0.52
1,67 0.768 1,67 0.512
1,7 0.757 1,7 0.504
1,72 0.746 1,72 0.497
1,75 0.735 1,75 0.49
1,77 0.725 1,77 0.483
1,8 0.715 1,8 0.476
1,82 0.705 1,82 0.47
1,85 0.695 1,85 0.463
1,87 0.686 1,87 0.457
1,9 0.677 1,9 0.451
1,92 0.668 1,92 0.445
1,95 0.66 1,95 0.44
1,97 0.651 1,97 0.434
2 0.643 2 0.429
2,02 0.635 2,02 0.423
2,05 0.627 2,05 0.418
2,07 0.62 2,07 0.413
2,1 0.612 2,1 0.408
2,12 0.605 2,12 0.403
2,15 0.598 2,15 0.399
2,17 0.591 2,17 0.394
2,2 0.585 2,2 0.39
2,22 0.578 2,22 0.385
2,25 0.572 2,25 0.381
2,27 0.565 2,27 0.377
2,3 0.559 2,3 0.373
2,32 0.553 2,32 0.369
2,35 0.547 2,35 0.365
2,37 0.541 2,37 0.361
2,4 0.536 2,4 0.357
2,42 0.53 2,42 0.353
2,45 0.525 2,45 0.35
2,47 0.52 2,47 0.346
2,5 0.514 2,5 0.343

Ts SA T1 SA
Second g Second g
2,52 0.509 2,52 0.339
2,55 0.504 2,55 0.336
2,57 0.499 2,57 0.333
2,6 0.495 2,6 0.33
2,62 0.49 2,62 0.326
2,65 0.485 2,65 0.323
2,67 0.481 2,67 0.32
2,7 0.476 2,7 0.317
2,72 0.472 2,72 0.314
2,75 0.468 2,75 0.312
2,77 0.463 2,77 0.309
2,8 0.459 2,8 0.306
2,82 0.455 2,82 0.303
2,85 0.451 2,85 0.301
2,87 0.447 2,87 0.298
2,9 0.443 2,9 0.295
2,92 0.44 2,92 0.293
2,95 0.436 2,95 0.29
2,97 0.432 2,97 0.288
3 0.429 3 0.286
3,02 0.425 3,02 0.283
3,05 0.422 3,05 0.281
3,07 0.418 3,07 0.279
3,1 0.415 3,1 0.276
3,12 0.411 3,12 0.274
3,15 0.408 3,15 0.272
3,17 0.405 3,17 0.27
3,2 0.402 3,2 0.268
3,22 0.399 3,22 0.266
3,25 0.396 3,25 0.264
3,27 0.393 3,27 0.262
3,3 0.39 3,3 0.26
3,32 0.387 3,32 0.258
3,35 0.384 3,35 0.256
3,37 0.381 3,37 0.254
3,4 0.378 3,4 0.252
3,42 0.375 3,42 0.25
3,45 0.373 3,45 0.248
3,47 0.37 3,47 0.246

Ts SA T1 SA
Second g Second g
3,5 0.367 3,5 0.245
3,52 0.365 3,52 0.243
3,55 0.362 3,55 0.241
3,57 0.36 3,57 0.24
3,6 0.357 3,6 0.238
3,62 0.355 3,62 0.236
3,65 0.352 3,65 0.235
3,67 0.35 3,67 0.233
3,7 0.347 3,7 0.231
3,72 0.345 3,72 0.23
3,75 0.343 3,75 0.228
3,77 0.34 3,77 0.227
3,8 0.338 3,8 0.225
3,82 0.336 3,82 0.224
3,85 0.334 3,85 0.222
3,87 0.332 3,87 0.221
3,9 0.33 3,9 0.22
3,92 0.327 3,92 0.218
3,95 0.325 3,95 0.217
3,97 0.323 3,97 0.215
4 0.321 4 0.214
Figure 6.22. Maximum Response Spectrum Earthquake of Location in

PLTG/MG/GU Sorong-2 (50 MW)
Figure 6.23. Design Response Spectrum Earthquake of Location in

PLTG/MG/GU Sorong-2 (50 MW)
This program is part of the Earthquake Resilience Planning Procedure for Building
Structure and Non Building (RSNI-03-1726-201X). Data source (MCER, CR and MCEG)
from the Earthquake Hazard Map Revision Team and Earthquake Motion Map
Development Team Targeted Risk for Indonesia. Software Developed By : I Wayan
Sengara, Andri Mulia, Masyhur Irsyam, M. Asrurifak. Geotechnical Expertise Group -
Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Center for Disaster Mitigation
Research, Bandung Institute of Technology 2011.
6.1 GENERAL ........................................................................................................................................ 1

Figure 6.1. Tectonics Plates which Affected on Indonesia ................................................ 1
Archipelago and Surrounding.................................................................................................. 1
Figure 6.2. Map of Tectonics and Active Caesarean in Indonesia ..................................... 2
Figure 6.3. Map of Active Tectonic and Earthquake History in East Indonesia Region .... 3
6.2 TECTONICAL ORDER ................................................................................................................... 3
6.3 PAPUA SEISMICITY ...................................................................................................................... 4
Figure 6.4. An earthquake with a Powerful Category i.e Above 8 M wich Occured in the
Time range 1973-2007 ............................................................................................................ 5
Figure 6.5. Earthquake Distribution from the Year 1973 - 2007 in Papua Region ............ 6
Figure 6.6. Map of Epicenter Density in Magnitude/Km2 ................................................. 7
Figure 6.7. Seismicity Map of Papua and West Papua (in 1900 – 2010)........................... 7
Figure 6.8. Graph of The Relation of earthquake frequency – magnitudo in Papua and
West Papua (in 1900 – 2010) .................................................................................................. 8
Figure 6.9. Graph of The Relation of earthquake frequency – depth in Papua and West
Papua (in 1900 – 2010) ........................................................................................................... 8
6.4 PEAK GROUND ACCELERATION (PGA) ................................................................................... 8
Table 6.1. Data and Parameters of Source Earthquake Fault for the area of Papua and sorrounding ... 9
Figure 6.10. Map of Distance Between Locations and Earthquake Sources..................... 10
Figure 6.11. Earthquake Hazard Levels Based on Standard .............................................. 11
Classification from GSHAP..................................................................................................... 11
6.5 CONCEPT OF EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT PLANNING ........................................................ 11
Figure 6.12. Peak Acceleration in SB Basic Rocks for a probability ................................... 13
Figure 6.13. Peak Acceleration in SB Base Rocks for a probability exceeding 10% in 10
years
14
years 14
years 15
Figure 6.16. Peak Acceleration in SB Basic Rocks for a probability exceeding 7% in 75
years 15
years 16
years 16
years 17
Table 6.2. Differences Notation Map Earthquake of 2004 and 2010 .................................................. 17
Table 6.3. Classification of soil types from correlations of field and laboratory investigations
(Source: IBC, 2009) ................................................................................................................................. 18
Table 6.4. The magnitude of FPGA amplification factor value for peak acceleration values at ground
level (Source: IBC, 2009) ........................................................................................................................ 18
Table 6.5. Calculation Of Earthquake Coefficient in PLTG / MG / GU Sorong-2 Area (50 MW) .... 19
Table 6.6. Characteristics Earthquake Risk Factors ............................................................................ 20
Figure 6.20. Acceleration ofresponse spectrum on SNI Earthquake ................................ 21
Figure 6.21. Planning Of Earthquakeresponse spectrum.................................................. 22
Table 6.7. Types of SOil ..................................................................................................................... 22
Table 6.8. Coeficient of Site, Fa location in PLTGU/MG/GU Sorong-2 (50) MW in Sorong ........... 23
Table 6.9. Acceleration Spektrum to Various T ................................................................................. 25

Figure 6.22. Maximum Response Spectrum Earthquake of Location in PLTG/MG/GU
Sorong-2 (50 MW) ................................................................................................................. 29
Figure 6.23. Design Response Spectrum Earthquake of Location in PLTG/MG/GU Sorong-
2 (50 MW) 30

Chapter 6 Seismicity

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Chapter 6 Seismicity

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SITE INVESTIGATION STUDY OF PLTG/MG/GU SORONG – 2 (50 MW)

Figure 6.1. Tectonics Plates which Affected on Indonesia

FINAL REPORT VI- 1

Figure 6.2. Map of Tectonics and Active Caesarean in Indonesia

Papua region dominated by three major lines of earthquakes, namely: Pacific

FINAL REPORT VI- 2

6.2 TECTONICAL ORDER

FINAL REPORT VI- 3

6.3 PAPUA SEISMICITY

FINAL REPORT VI- 4

Earthquakes in the area of Earthquake Center Coordination Regional Area V

FINAL REPORT VI- 5

FINAL REPORT VI- 6

Figure 6.6. Map of Epicenter Density in Magnitude/Km2

FINAL REPORT VI- 7

Figure 6.8. Graph of The Relation of earthquake frequency – magnitudo

Figure 6.9. Graph of The Relation of earthquake frequency – depth in

6.4 PEAK GROUND ACCELERATION (PGA)

Transfer of material commonly called displacement. While acceleration is a

FINAL REPORT VI- 8

The primary effect of earthquakes is failure to good building structures such as

PGA = 10(0,14 I+0,24 M) − 0,68 (log d + 0,7)

FINAL REPORT VI- 9

Figure 6.10. Map of Distance Between Locations and Earthquake Sources

The calculation of PGA value will produce Map of Earthquake Hazard

FINAL REPORT VI- 10

Figure 6.11. Earthquake Hazard Levels Based on Standard

6.5 CONCEPT OF EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT PLANNING

FINAL REPORT VI- 11

a. EARTHQUAKE ACCELERATION MAP

FINAL REPORT VI- 12

Figure 6.12. Peak Acceleration in SB Basic Rocks for a probability

FINAL REPORT VI- 13

Figure 6.14. Peak Acceleration in SB Base Rocks for a probability exceeding 5% in

FINAL REPORT VI- 14

Figure 6.16. Peak Acceleration in SB Basic Rocks for a probability exceeding 7% in

FINAL REPORT VI- 15

Figure 6.17. Peak Acceleration in SB Base Rocks for a probability exceeding 2% in

Figure 6.18. Peak Acceleration in SB Base Rocks for a probability exceeding 2% in

FINAL REPORT VI- 16

Figure 6.19. Peak Acceleration in SB Base Rocks for a probability exceeding 1% in

b. Classification Soil Types

Acceleration Earthquake in ac Sb or Spga

Acceleration Maximum ad PGAm

Correction Influenced type v FPGA

FINAL REPORT VI- 17

To determine peak acceleration of at ground level and use map results is to

c. Clay ̅𝑠 < 175

FINAL REPORT VI- 18

Acceleration of peaks at ground level is obtained using the following equation:

Following results of the earthquake coefficient calculation in PLTG / MG / GU Sorong-

FINAL REPORT VI- 19

Ekstrem High Moderat Low

FINAL REPORT VI- 20

FINAL REPORT VI- 21

Figure 6.21. Planning Of Earthquakeresponse spectrum

Table 6.7. Types of SOil

any soil of profile contain more than 3 m of soil with the

Table 6.8. Coeficient of Site, Fa location in PLTGU/MG/GU Sorong-2 (50) MW in

SA 0,8 0,8 0,8 0,8 0,8

--Result The Program Ofresponse spectrum Indonesia --

Return Periods Earthquake : 2500 years

SM1 (periods 1 seconds) : 1.28g