Journal of Applied Animal Research

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Anticoccidial effect of garlic (Allium sativum) and

ginger (Zingiber officinale) against experimentally
induced coccidiosis in broiler chickens

Majid Ali, Naila Chand, Rifat Ullah Khan, Shabana Naz & Sina Gul

To cite this article: Majid Ali, Naila Chand, Rifat Ullah Khan, Shabana Naz & Sina Gul (2019)
Anticoccidial effect of garlic (Allium�sativum) and ginger (Zingiber�officinale) against experimentally
induced coccidiosis in broiler chickens, Journal of Applied Animal Research, 47:1, 79-84, DOI:
10.1080/09712119.2019.1573731

To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2019.1573731

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JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH
2019, VOL. 47, NO. 1, 79–84
https://doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2019.1573731

Anticoccidial effect of garlic (Allium sativum) and ginger (Zingiber officinale) against
experimentally induced coccidiosis in broiler chickens
Majid Alia, Naila Chanda, Rifat Ullah Khanb, Shabana Nazc and Sina Guld
a
Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan; bDepartment of
Animal Health, Faculty of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan; cDepartment of Zoology,
Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan; dRegional Investment Funds for Agriculture (RIFA), Afghan Valued-Chain for Livestock, Kabul,
Afghanistan

ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY

The present study was designed to find the effect of ginger and garlic on the performance and integrity of Received 22 September 2018
gut in experimentally induced coccidiosis in broiler chickens. A total of two hundred and forty day-old Accepted 14 January 2019
Hubbard broiler chicks were divided into six equal groups as following: T1, Control (basal diet only); T2,
KEYWORDS
Infected–untreated (positive control); T3, Infected and supplemented with garlic at 15 g/kg feed; T4, Broiler; coccidiosis; garlic;
Infected and supplemented with gingers at 5 g/kg feed; T5, Infected and treated with amprolium ginger; performance
hydrochloride at 1.25 g/liter drinking water; T6, Infected and supplemented with mixture of garlic and
ginger at the rate of 2.5 and 7.5 g/kg feed. The results showed that feed intake, body weight and feed
conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly (P < .05) high in ginger and garlic supplemented birds
compared to the positive control. Similarly, oocysts shedding, lesion score and histopathology of the
small intestines improved in ginger and garlic supplemented birds after induced-infection in broiler.
The findings of the present study showed that ginger and garlic produced encouraging results in
comparison to amprolium in broiler chickens infected with experimental coccidiosis.

Introduction
Coccidiosis is one of the major protozoan diseases of poultry
caused by genus Emeria. This organism mostly affects the gas-
trointestinal tract causing reduced feed intake, weight gain,
worsen feed efficiency and higher mortality (Tanweer et al.
2014; Chand et al. 2016). Massive economic losses are associ-
ated with the outbreak of coccidiosis in the form of morbidity
and mortality of the birds (Abudabos et al. 2017). Eimeria
species mostly infect the ceca and small intestines. During
caecal coccidiosis, different types of lesions are present which
depend upon the species of coccidia (Tanweer et al. 2014).
The organisms proliferate in the intestinal cells and cause
tissue destruction (Arczewska et al. 2012).
A large number of anticoccidial drugs are used for the
control of coccidiosis, however, their excessive use has led to
the development of drug resistance, residues in the tissues
and organs and high economic cost. Therefore, scientists are
searching to identify the efficacy of different herbs and herbal
by-products to decrease the huge losses caused by coccidiosis
in the poultry business. Herbal plants and their byproducts may
serve as remedies for coccidiosis because of their low toxicity
and reduced cost of production (Abbas et al. 2006). Garlic
(Allium sativum) contains important alkaloids such as allin,
ajoene, allicin and diallyl sulphide Sallylcysteine exhibiting anti-
bacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, antiparasitic and immu-
nomodulatory properties (Adibmoradi et al. 2006; Khan et al.
2012a). Ginger (Zingiber officinale) contains active ingredients
such are gingerdoine, gengerdiol and gingerol (Khan et al.
2012b; Raza et al. 2016; Zia ur Rehman et al. 2018). Ginger has
been reported to enhance the growth performance and digest-
ibility in broilers and effective in treating and controlling cocci-
dial infection (Zhang et al. 2009). The objective of the present
study to find the effect of ginger and garlic in comparison
with standard anticoccidial drug, amprolium against exper-
imentally induced coccidiosis in broiler chickens.
Materials and methods
Collection and preparation of plant bulbs material
The herbal plant’s bulbs of garlic and ginger were purchased
from the local market in fresh condition. After identification
by the botanical section of Weed Science Department, The Uni-
versity of Agriculture Peshawar, the plants were used in the
present study. The garlic and ginger bulbs were dried in hot
air oven at the temperature of 70°C for three days. After
drying, the plant materials were ground with the help of an
electric grinding machine.
Experimental design
A total of 240 day-old Hubbard broiler chicks were purchased
from the hatchery. After the adaptation period of one week,
chicks of equal weight were randomly divided into six groups
(designated as T1 to T6) with five replicates. The chicks were
reared throughout the experimental period in an open-sided
house with well-maintained cross ventilation. Sawdust was used

CONTACT Sina Gul rukhhan@gmail.com

© 2019 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distri-
bution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
80 M. ALI ET AL.

as bedding material. Continuous light was provided throughout per 2 ml of inoculum. Except the negative control, all the
the experiment. During the grower stage, the birds were shifted groups were infected with 20,000–30,000 oocysts per chick
to stainless steel cages (1.7× 1.5 m) till the end of the experiment. orally on day 8 of the experiment.
The temperature of the house was maintained at 35°C for the first
week and then gradually decreased to 23°C till the end of the
experiment. Manual feeders and drinkers were used. The diet Performance trait
was provided in two phases consisting of starter phase (0–21 The weighed feed was offered at libitum to all the experimental
days) and finisher (22–42 days) as shown in Table 1. The chicks broilers. The refused feed was collected and weighed the next
had free access to feed and water. Birds were vaccinated morning before offering feed. Body weight gain was recorded
against infectious bronchitis, Newcastle disease and infectious at the end of every week. Weight gain was calculated by sub-
bursal disease according to the standard schedule. tracting the initial weight of birds from the final weight of the
The groups were arranged as follows: T1, Control (basal diet birds. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) was computed at the
only); T2: Infected–untreated (positive control); T3, Infected and end of each week and the final FCR was calculated and note
supplemented with garlic at 15 g/kg feed; T4: Infected and sup- at the completion of experimental duration. The number of
plemented with gingers at 5 g/kg feed; T5: Infected and treated dead birds during the experiment was recorded throughout
with amprolium hydrochloride at 1.25 g/liter drinking water; T6: the experiment.
Infected and supplemented with mixture of garlic and ginger at
the rate of 2.5 and 7.5 g/kg feed, respectively.
Number of oocysts per gram (OPG) of faeces
The faecal samples were collected on day 5, 7, 10 and 12 post
Preparation of Emeria infection coccidia infection (dpi). Samples were kept in the refrigerator
The oocysts of Emeria species were taken from infected caeca for determination of OPG. The oocysts counting were done
following the procedure of Chand et al. (2016). Briefly, caecal through Mc Master Techniques as described by Chand et al.
contents were immersed in 2.5% potassium dichromate sol- (2016). Faecal samples (2 g) were mixed in 10% (w/v) NaCl sol-
ution for overnight. The suspension was then sieved and the ution. This suspension was poured to McMaster chamber with
remaining portion was centrifuged at 1500 rpm for three the help of a micropipette and the numbers of oocysts were
minutes. The sediment was suspended and mixed with a satu- counted using microscope.
rated solution of NaCl. The supernatant was discarded and the
remaining suspension was centrifuged at 1500 rpm for three
Lesion scoring
minutes. The bottom containing oocysts were again placed in
2.5% solution of potassium dichromate. Potassium dichromate Lesion scoring of the ceca was done at the end of the exper-
solution containing ooyst were incubated at 30Co for 24–72 h iment. One bird per replicate was randomly selected for
in petri dish and then stored at 4Co in the refrigerator. The lesion scoring. The lesion was comprised on petechial haemor-
number of oocysts was adjusted to 30,000 sporulated oocysts rhages, thickness of intestinal wall and congestion based on
severity. The lesions were scored as suggested by Tanweer
et al. (2014).
Table 1. Basal composition of feed during the starter and finisher phase.
Ingredients Starter Finisher
Corn 53.21 60.75 Histopathological examination
Soybean meal 37.92 25.00
Corn gluten meal 2.00 7.10 At the end of the experiment, three birds were selected ran-
Corn oil 2.20 2.80
Dicalcium phosphate 2.30 2.05
domly from each group and were slaughtered. Ceca were sep-
Limestone 0.83 0.68 arated and processed for histopathological examination as
Salt 0.45 0.50 described by Chand et al. (2016). About 1 cm thick tissue of
VM Mixa 0.50 0.50
DL-Methionine 0.20 0.10
ceca was cut and placed in 10% buffer formalin. Tissue was
Lysine-HCl 0.22 0.37 passed in ascending grade of alcohol for dehydration. Tissue
Threonine 0.11 0.10 was then placed in paraffin and tissue block and sectioned by
Choline chloride 0.05 0.05
Chemical composition
using microtome (Accu-Cut® SRM™ 200 Sakura) with a thick-
ME, kcal/kg 3000 3150 ness of about 4 μm. Slide was stained with haematoxylin and
Crude protein, % 23.5 21.30 eosin (H&E). Randomly, five views per slide per sample for a
Methionine, % 0.55 0.44
Lysine, % 1.42 1.23
total of 50 readings per treatment were recorded.
Sulphur amino acids, % 0.96 0.80
Threonine, % 0.95 0.85
Calcium, % 1.05 0.90 Statistical analysis
Phosphorus, % 0.50 0.45
a
Vitamin-mineral premix contains in the following per kg: vitamin A, 2,400,000 IU; Collected data were statistically analysed through the pro-
vitamin D, 1,000,000 IU; vitamin E, 16,000 IU; vitamin K, 800 mg; vitamin B1, cedure of analysis of variance (ANOVA) by using randomized
600 mg; vitamin B2, 1600 mg; vitamin B6, 1000 mg; vitamin B12, 6 mg; niacin,
complete block design (RCBD). Means were compared for sig-
8000 mg; folic acid, 400 mg; pantothenic acid, 3000 mg; biotin 40 mg; antioxi-
dant, 3000 mg; cobalt, 80 mg; copper, 2000 mg; iodine, 400; iron, 1200 mg; nificance difference by least significant difference (LSD) using
manganese, 18,000 mg; selenium, 60 mg, and zinc, 14,000 mg. the method described by Steel and Torrie (1997). Statistical
 JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 81

Table 2. Mean feed intake (g) of control and treated groups fed with ginger and garlic in coccidiosis induced birds.
Groups 2nd week 3rd week 4th week 5th week 6th week Overall
T1 356.3a ± 1.45 601.7a ± 3.48 691.3ab ± 1.76 846.0a ± 3.46 1113.7a ± 3.17 3609a ± 1.81
c c c
T2 336 ± 3.05 555.93 ± 5.06 547.33 ± 4.66 729.33e ± 6.35 1007.0d ± 5.29 3175.6e ± 0.74
T3 335.0c ± 2.08 551.3c ± 2.40 679.3ab ± 4.48 838.0ab ± 4.35 1031.3c ± 6.06 3434.9d ± 0.72
T4 339.5c ± 7.50 560.3c ± 0.88 692.7a ± 9.38 848.33a ± 0.66 1095.7b ± 4.80 3536.5b ± 2.70
T5 345.5ab ± 3.63 582.0b ± 4.35 688.3ab ± 3.52 823.7bc ± 1.45 1111.7a ± 2.84 3551.2b ± 0.86
bc b b
T6 344.3 ± 2.40 575.0 ± 7.93 676.7 ± 2.40 795.3d ± 1.45 1099.7ab ± 4.70 3491c ± 0.30
P-value 0.0210 0.0005 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Notes: Mean values bearing different superscripts in the same column differ significantly (P < .05).
T1: Negative control; T2: Positive control; T3: Garlic; T4: Ginger; T5: Amprolium; T6: Garlic and ginger.

Table 3. Mean body weight (g) of control and treated groups fed with ginger and garlic in coccidiosis induced birds.
Group 2nd week 3rd week 4th week 5th week 6th week Overall
T1 311.53a ± 1.76 409a ± 4.16 422.33bc ± 3.38 485a ± 2.88 676.66a ± 9.27 2304.52a ± 0.96
T2 282.53c ± 1.76 356.67d ± 2.40 275d ± 7.63 333.33c ± 14.24 413.66e ± 9.49 1661.2e ± 5.93
T3 281.13c ± 2.13 396.67b ± 2.33 468.33a ± 8.33 454.67b ± 3.17 525.00c ± 5.00 2125.8c ± 2.32
T4 280.53c ± 2.72 364.33d ± 0.88 439.66b ± 6.76 432.33b ± 1.45 503cd ± 11.06 2019.85d ± 1.47
T5 297.2b ± 3.05 394.66b ± 2.40 410c ± 8.66 446.66b ± 16.66 649.33b ± 4.70 2197.85b ± 2.82
T6 292.2bc ± 1.47 383.33c ± 3.92 414c ± 10.97 431.66b ± 6.00 498.33d ± 4.40 2019.52d ± 1.23
P value 0.0015 0.0005 0.0075 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Notes: Mean values bearing different superscripts in the same column differ significantly (P < .05).
T1: Negative control; T2: Positive control; T3: Garlic; T4: Ginger; T5: Amprolium; T6: Garlic and ginger.

package (STATISTIC-2010) was used to carry out above analysis
on computer.
Results
Weekly and overall feed intake was significantly (P<.01) affected
by supplementation of phytogenic (ginger and garlic) in broilers
feed as shown in Table 2. Feed intake was significantly (P < .01)
high in the negative control and significantly (P < .01) low in the
positive group. During 2nd and 3rd week in the treated groups,
the highest feed intake was recorded in amprolium group and
the combination of ginger and garlic. During the 4th week,
higher feed intake was noticed in all the treated groups. In
the 5th week, significantly high feed intake was observed in
the ginger and garlic supplemented groups. In the 6th week,
highest feed intake was observed in the amprolium group,
however, overall highest feed intake was recorded in the
ginger and amprolium treated birds.
Weekly and overall weight gain was significantly (p<.05)
affected by the supplementation of phytogenic (ginger and
garlic) in broilers feed as shown in Table 3. Except, 4th week,
the highest (P < .01) weight gain was observed in the negative
control. The worst weight gain was recorded in the positive
group. Except, 4th week, the highest (P < .01) body weight
was recorded in amprolium treated birds on weekly and
overall basis. The ginger and garlic treated birds showed
better body weight than positive control showing the effective-
ness of these natural products.
Supplementation of phytogenic affected FCR at all stages
except the second week of age (Table 4). In the 3rd and 4th
weeks, better FCR was noticed in amprolium hydrochloride fol-
lowed by ginger and garlic supplementation. In the 5th week,
significantly (P < .01) high FCR was observed in amprolium,
garlic, ginger supplementation or their combination. During
6th week and overall, significantly (P < .05) high body weight
was observed in ginger supplemented birds.
Weekly and overall oocyst number was significantly (P<.01)
affected by the supplementation of phytogenic (ginger and
garlic) and amprolium hydrochloride in broilers as shown in
Table 5. As expected, oocyst per gram was significantly (P
< .01) low in the amprolium treated birds. In the ginger and
garlic treated birds, significantly (P < .01) low oocysts was
observed as compared to the positive control.
The effect of treatments on histopathology of ceca in
control and treated groups on day 42 is given in Figure 1.
Negative control (uninfected untreated) revealed normal
glandular structure, epithelium, and normal histomorphology
(A). The infected and supplemented group with garlic
revealed slight sloughing of villi (B). Infected and sup-
plemented group with ginger showed hypotrophy of villi,
hyperplasia of goblet cells and shortening of crypt (C),
while infected and treated with amprolium hydrochloride

Table 4. Mean FCR (g/g) of control and treated groups fed with ginger and garlic in coccidiosis induced birds.
Group 2nd week 3rd week 4th week 5th week 6th week Overall
T1 1.14 ± 0.74 1.46c ± 0.66 1.63bc ± 0.01 1.97c ± 0.81 1.94d ± 0.02 1.88e ± 0.69
T2 1.18 ± 0.01 1.56a ± 0.01 1.98a ± 0.06 2.19a ± 0.10 2.43a ± 0.04 1.98a ± 0.04
T3 1.19 ± 0.01 1.50b ± 0.66 1.54cd ± 0.02 1.84bc ± 0.81 2.03c ± 0.04 1.97bc ± 0.52
T4 1.15 ± 3.33 1.46c ± 0.01 1.97b ± 0.02 2.04bc ± 0.06 2.01d ± 0.66 1.91de ± 0.01
T5 1.20 ± 0.03 1.41d ± 0.77 1.47d ± 0.04 1.86bc ± 0.03 2.08c ± 0.02 1.92cd ± 0.01
T6 1.17 ± 0.01 1.49bc ± 0.02 1.64bc ± 0.03 1.93b ± 0.03 2.22b ± 0.02 1.95b ± 0.00
P value 0.0782 0.0071 0.0000 0.0005 0.0000 0.0000
Notes: Mean values bearing different superscripts in the same column differ significantly (P < .05).
T1: Negative control; T2: Positive control; T3: Garlic; T4: Ginger; T5: Amprolium; T6: Garlic and ginger.
82 M. ALI ET AL.

Table 5. Mean oocyst per gram of faeces in control and treated groups in coccidiosis induced birds.
Groups 5-dpi 7-dpi 9-dpi 11-dpi
T1 0.00f ± 0.00 0.00f ± 0.00 0.00f ± 0.00 0.00e ± 0.00
a
T2 1144.3 ± 18.47 1338.3a ± 9.76 940.67a ± 8.45 555.00a ± 6.02
T3 828.33d ± 6.83 924.67d ± 7.42 650.67d ± 16.82 232.33c ± 4.97
T4 929.33c ± 8.76 1063.0c ± 4.58 723.67c ± 6.74 328.00b ± 7.02
T5 671.00e ± 16.52 634.67e ± 28.66 352.00e ± 13.85 172.33d ± 22.25
T6 967.67b ± 5.81 1114.7b ± 4.17 819.33b ± 17.42 353.00b ± 2.08
P value 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Notes: Mean values bearing different superscripts in the same column differ significantly (P < .05).
T1: Negative control; T2: Positive control; T3: Garlic; T4: Ginger; T5: Amprolium; T6: Garlic and ginger.

group showed intact and strong normal histomorphology (D).
Histopathology of the infected and supplemented group with
ginger and garlic mixture showed sloughing of villi, shorten-
ing of crypt, glandular hypertrophy and hyperplasia of
goblet cells (E). Histopathology of ceca of positive control
(infected untreated) showed atrophy and sloughing of villi,
shortening of crypt, necrotic glandular structures and glandu-
lar hypotrophy (F).
Lesion score of ceca of different groups is presented in Table
6. Severe caecal haemorrhages were present in the positive
control group. Moderate haemorrhages were seen in the
ginger supplemented group and ginger-garlic mixed sup-
plemented group. Mild haemorrhages and changes were
revelled in garlic supplemented group while there was no
lesion in the negative control. Moderate thickness of intestine
was founded in positive control and ginger-garlic mixed

Figure 1. Negative control (A); Amprolium treated (B); Garlic treated (C); Ginger treated (D); Ginger and garlic treated (E); positive control (F) H & E stain (40 X) n = 100 µm.
 JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 83

Table 6. Mean lesion score of control and treated groups fed with ginger and secretion of digestive enzymes and helps in the digestion
garlic in coccidiosis induced birds. process.
Groups Haemorrhages Thickness of intestine Congestion Similarly, garlic contains 17 amino acids, minerals, enzymes
0 0 and sulpher containing compounds. The important alkaloids
T2 +++ ++ ++
T3 + + + in ginger are s-allylcystein sulphoxide, s-methyl-cystein sulph-
T4 ++ + + oxide, diallydisulphide, s-allylcystein, diakyl polysulphides,
T5 + + 0 ajoene and allicin (Khan et al. 2012b). The increase feed
T6 ++ ++ +
intake and body weight in garlic supplemented group may
Notes: (0 = no lesion) (+=mild changes) (++=moderate changes) (+++=severe
changes). also be due to the presence of these compounds in garlic.
T1: Negative control; T2: Positive control; T3: Garlic; T4: Ginger; T5: Amprolium; T6: Allicin has been reported to improve and regenerate the phys-
Garlic and ginger. iological structure of the intestinal epithilum layer, enhances
crypt depth and villus height, which ultimately support the
supplemented group. Mild thickness of intestine was seen in digestive capacity through increased absorption of nutrients
garlic supplemented group, ginger supplemented group, and and assimilation (Adibmoradi et al. 2006).
amprolium hydrochloride while no thickness of intestine was Oocyst count was significantly affected by supplementation
found in the negative control group. Congestion was moderate of phytogenic (ginger and garlic) and amprolium hydrochloride
in the positive control while mild in garlic supplemented group, during 5th, 7th, 9th and 11th day post infection. The decrease
ginger supplemented group and ginger-garlic mixed sup- oocyst in the faeces of garlic supplemented group may be
plemented group. due to the presence of allicin in garlic. Allicin has antioxidant
Mean mortality was significantly (P < .05) affected by phyto- and antiparasitic activity and stimulates the immunity by
genic and amprolium hydrochloride in broilers challenged with enhancing profiline antibody response which directly kills the
Emeria (Table 7). The highest mortality was noted in the positive sporozoites (Khan et al. 2012b; Kim et al. 2013). The lower
control, while lower and the same mortality was recorded for all oocysts count may also be due to the presence of phenolic
other groups. compounds in garlic, which act on the cytoplasmic membrane
of Eimeria and make changes in their cation permeability,
leading to the death of Eimirria (Tanweer et al. 2014). Garlic
has been known for increased production of white blood
Discussion
cells, antibodies and enhanced phagocytosis of infected organ-
In the current study, feed intake and body weight in broilers isms (Khan et al. 2012b). These properties are probably respon-
were significantly affected by phytogenic and amprolium sible for the coccidiostatic effect of ginger. Kim et al. (2013)
hydrochloride in broiler. As expected, the highest feed intake, reported that the supplementation of active ingredients of
body weight and FCR were observed in the negative control, garlic (propyl thiosulphinate oxide and propyl thiosulphinate)
which severely decreased in the positive control. Amprolium had decreased faecal oocysts excretion and greater antibody
treatment improved the feed intake and body weight in the response against Eimeria acervulina in broiler chickens. Impor-
infected birds. In addition, the supplementation of garlic and tant compounds derived from gingerdiol, shogaols, gingerol,
ginger improved the performance of the birds compared to gingerdione and other phenolic compounds show antioxidant
the positive control although it was not as effective as ampro- properties (Khan et al. 2012b), which may be responsible for
lium. The higher feed intake was also recorded in ginger and coccidiostatic effect in the broiler.
garlic supplemented groups, while the lowest feed intake was The present study showed that Eimeria species lead to the
recorded in the positive control. Ginger contains several impor- degenerative changes in the positive control group while
tant pharmacological compounds such as gingerdione, ginger- garlic supplementation decreased the intestinal lesion. Findings
diol, shogaols and gingerol (Raza et al. 2016). The improved of the present study supported the findings of Gotep et al.
performance in broiler fed with ginger has been linked with (2016) who reported the highest capacity of crypt and villi of
the enhanced palatability and improved digestive process small intestines by the addition of garlic in the broilers feed
which increase the feed intake and hence weight gain (Khan infected with coccidiosis. The results obtained in groups
et al. 2012a). In addition, ginger is also involved in the increased treated with amprolium and garlic powders may be due to
the presence of the chemical hydrochloride in amprolium
hydrochloride and allicin and phenolic compounds in garlic,
Table 7. Mean mortality (%) of control and treated groups fed with ginger and
garlic in coccidiosis induced birds. which alter the cytoplasmic penetrability and finally damage
Groups Mean ± SE the Eimeria cells. The lower mortality (higher survival rate) in
T1 0.00b ± 0.00 supplemented groups may be due to the antioxidant properties
T2 7.00a ± 0.57 of garlic, which causes oxidative stress against parasites and
T3 0.00b ± 0.00
neutralize oxygen reactive species (Allen and Danforth 1998).
T4 0.66b ± 0.33
T5 0.00b ± 0.00
T6 1.00b ± 0.57
P. value 0.0000 Conclusion
Notes: Mean values bearing different superscripts in the same column differ signifi-
It is concluded from the present study that ginger and garlic
cantly (P < .05).
T1: Negative control; T2: Positive control; T3: Garlic; T4: Ginger; T5: Amprolium; T6: show improved performance and coccidiostatic effect in
Garlic and ginger. broilers.
84 M. ALI ET AL.
Conflict of interest
Authors have no potential conflict of interest
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
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