ANALYSIS OF FREE VIBRATION IN INDUSTRIAL CONCRETE CHIMNEY
Evanjalin Reena.T.D.1 , Poornima.C.A.2
1
P.G. Student, Department of Civil Engineering, St.Peter’s College of Engineering and Technology, Chennai
2
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, St.Peter’s College of Engineering and Technology , Chennai
ABSTRACT
Tall RCC chimneys are commonly used in
major industries and power plants. The
analysis and design of chimneys are
normally governed by wind or
earthquake load. In this paper modal
analysis of a Concrete chimney in a
sugar factory is carried out using the
FEM software package ANSYS. The
height of the chimney is taken as 77 m.
The outer diameter of the chimney at top
and bottom are 3.53m and 5.95 m,
respectively. The thickness at top and
bottom are taken as 200mm and 300 mm,
respectively. M35 grade of concrete is
used in the analysis. The effects of
changes in the dimensions of the chimney
on the modal parameters such as
fundamental frequency, Displacement
etc. are evaluated.
Keywords:- Mode shape, Static
Structure,Fundamental Frequency,
concrete chimneys,Mesh.
1 INTRODUCTION
Chimneys are generally provided in the
industries to discharge pollutants into the
atmosphere at certain heights and velocities
so that the pollutants do not harm the
environment. The heights of the chimneys
are increased to lessen the atmospheric
pollution. The changes in the dimensions
may have the influence on the dynamic
properties of chimneys. The use of
reinforced concrete chimneys in place of
brick masonry and steel chimneys have
become very popular due to their low cost
and durability. A composite material like
reinforced concrete is eminently suitable for
chimneys. Brick chimneys are very heavy
requiring expensive foundations. In contrast
to the steel chimneys, the maintenance costs
are minimum in case of concrete stacks. The
thickness of the concrete shell generally
varying from 120 to 300mm is considerably
smaller than that required in the case of
brick chimneys and hence this kind of
structures are more susceptible to vibration.
2 LITERATURE REVIEW
The previous research carried out in the
dynamic analysis of chimneys is briefly
presented here. Anand bagali [2015]
investigated a Dynamic analysis of R.C.C
Chimney mainly focuses on dynamic
analysis, linear and non-linear analysis soil
structure ,seismic and wind analysis. Roshni
john [2015] studied the Dynamic response
and geometry of short steel chimneys.
Dynamic response of short self-supported
steel stacks are considered. Shelly Thomas
[2016] explained the Non-Linear analysis
and design of Concrete chimneys by 3D
pushover analysis that allows an accurate
seismic demands, lateral displacements,
shear forces and bending moments are
studied. Vijay kumar [2016] described the
Analysis of cantilever concrete chimney
using STAD-PRO software. Modal
characteristics of the chimney are used for
parameters like shear force, bending
moment. Yoganantham [2013] studied the
Modal analysis of RCC chimney modelled
as a 3-D member and the material is
assumed to be elastic and isotropic using the
FEM software package ANSYS.In the
present work an attempt has been made to
find the influence of various geometric
parameters such as height, diameter and
thickness on the dynamic response of the
structure
3 MODELING OF CONCRETE
CHIMNEY
The chimney in a sugar industry is
modelled as a 3-D member and the
Fig.1 Concrete Chimney model in ANSYS
4 ANALYSIS, RESULTS &
DISCUSSION
4.1Modal analysis
The modal analysis is performed for the
chimney to get the dynamic characteristics
material is assumed to be elastic and
isotropic. The modelling and meshing of
the Concrete chimney in ANSYS is shown
in Fig. 1 and 2, respectively. The height of
the chimney (H) is considered as 77m. The
outer diameter (D) and thickness (T) of the
chimney at bottom are taken as 5.73 m and
0.3 m, respectively. The outer diameter (d)
and thickness (t) of the chimney at top are
taken as 3.53 m and 0.2 m, respectively.
The materials used in the analysis are M35
grade concrete & Fe415 grade steel.
Fig.2. Meshing of R.C.C Chimney
such as frequencies and mode shapes. The
fundamental frequency of the chimney is
observed as 1.77 Hz and the top
displacement is 0.0037m. Fig. 3 shows the
first four mode shapes of the chimney.
 Mode shapes Of Chimney

First Mode Shape

Second Mode Shape

Third Mode Shape Fourth Mode Shape

Fig3 Mode Shapes Of Chimney

5 RESULTS&DISCUSSION
Physics Type Structural
TABLE 1 Analysis Type Modal
Model Analysis Solver Target Mechanical APDL
Object Name Modal (C4) Options
State Solved Generate Input Only No
Definition
TABLE 2
Total Deformation
F
Mode Frequency [Hz]
r
1.
0.81011 e
2.
q
3.
3.696 u
4.
e
5.
9.0682 n
6.
c
7. 10.929
y
8. 14.018
y
9.
16.346
10.
Mode shape

Fig 4: Frequency of Mode shapes

5.1 STATIC STRUCTURE ANALYSIS

Static Structure Total Deformation Equivalent Stress

Fig 5 : Static Structure Models

TABLE 3 Environment
22. °C
Static Analysis Temperature
Static Structural Generate Input Only No
Object Name
(B4)
State Solved
Definition
Physics Type Structural
Analysis Type Static Structural
Solver Target Mechanical APDL
Options
TABLE 4 Minimum 0. m 11526Pa
Static Structural Results Maximum 7.1351e-5 m 50354Pa
Total Equivalent Minimum
Object Name Solid
Deformation Stress Occurs On
State Solved Maximum
Scope Solid
Occurs On
Scoping Information
Geometry Selection
Method Time 1. s
Geometry All Bodies Load Step 1
Definition Substep 1
Equivalent Iteration
Total 1
Type (von-Mises) Number
Deformation
Stress Integration Point Results
By Time Display
Display Time Last Averaged
Option
Calculate Average
Yes
Time History Across No
Identifier Bodies
Suppressed No
Results
TABLE 5
Total Deformation
Time [s] Minimum [m] Maximum [m]

1. 0. 7.1351e-5

Equivalent Stress

Time [s] Minimum [Pa] Maximum [Pa]

1. 11526 50354

5.2 MESH ANALYSIS: Mechanical

Program
Element Midside Nodes
TABLE 6 Controlled
Mesh Model Sizing
Object Name Mesh Size Function Adaptive
State Solved Relevance Center Coarse
Display Element Size Default
Display Style Body Color Initial Size Seed Active Assembly
Defaults Smoothing Medium
Physics Preference Mechanical Transition Fast
Relevance 0 Span Angle Center Coarse
Shape Checking Standard Automatic Mesh Based On
 Defeaturing Topology Checking No
Defeaturing Tolerance Default Pinch Tolerance Please Define
Minimum Edge Length 9.83320 m Generate Pinch on
No
Inflation Refresh
Use Automatic Inflation None Statistics
Inflation Option Smooth Transition Nodes 58441
Transition Ratio 0.272 Elements 8944
Maximum Layers 5
Growth Rate 1.2
Inflation Algorithm Pre TABLE 7
Mesh Controls
View Advanced Options No
Object Name Automatic Method
Advanced
State Fully Defined
Number of CPUs for Program
Parallel Part Meshing Controlled Scope
Geometry
Straight Sided Elements No Scoping Method
Selection
Number of Retries Default (4)
Geometry 1 Body
Extra Retries For
Yes Definition
Assembly
Suppressed No
Dimensionally
Rigid Body Behavior Method Automatic
Reduced
Mesh Morphing Disabled Element Midside
Use Global Setting
Nodes
Program
Triangle Surface Mesher
Controlled

5.3 GEOMETRIC ANALYSIS

TABLE 8
Some of the geometric parameters that Geometry Model
have influence on dynamic response such Object Name Geometry
as H/D, d/D, t/T and D/T are considered in State Fully Defined
the analysis. Definition
Type DesignModeler
The geometric parameters for the Length Unit Meters
chimney under study are Element Control Program Controlled
H/D ratio = 12.94 Display Style Body Color
d/D ratio = 0.59 Bounding Box
t/T ratio = 0.66 Length X 5.95 m
D/T ratio = 17.65 Length Y 77. m
Length Z 5.95 m
In this analysis, the different ranges of above Properties
geometric parameters are taken for Volume 276.21 m³
discussion. The H/D ratio ranges from 10 to
Mass 6.3529e+005 kg
20, d/D from 0.2 to 0.8, t/T from 0.2 to 1.0
and D/T from 15 to 24 Scale Factor Value 1.
Statistics
 Bodies 1 System
Active Bodies 1 Reference
By Environment
Nodes 58441 Temperature
Elements 8944 Material
Mesh Metric None Assignment Concrete
Basic Geometry Options Nonlinear Effects Yes
Solid Bodies Yes Thermal Strain
Yes
Surface Bodies Yes Effects
Line Bodies Yes Bounding Box
Parameters Yes Length X 5.95 m
Parameter Key Length Y 77. m
Attributes Yes Length Z 5.95 m
Attribute Key Properties
Named Selections Yes Volume 276.21 m³
Named Selection Key Mass 6.3529e+005 kg
Material Properties Yes Centroid X 7.8635e-017 m
Advanced Geometry Options Centroid Y -44.249 m
Centroid Z 1.3359e-016 m
TABLE 9 Moment of Inertia
2.9682e+008 kg·m²
Model Geometry Parts Ip1
Object Name Solid Moment of Inertia
3.4976e+006 kg·m²
State Meshed Ip2
Graphics Properties Moment of Inertia
2.9682e+008 kg·m²
Visible Yes Ip3
Definition Statistics
Suppressed No Nodes 58441
Stiffness Behavior Flexible Elements 8944
Coordinate System Default Coordinate

6 MATERIAL DATA ANALYSIS

Concrete Isotropic Elasticity
6.1 RESULTS
Youn
TABLE 10 Poisso Bulk Shear
Tempera g's
CONCRETE CONSTANTS n's Modulus Modulus
ture C Modu
Density 2300 kg m^-3 Ratio Pa Pa
Coefficient of Thermal lus Pa
1.4e-005 C^-1
Expansion
3.e+0 1.5625e+ 1.2712e+
780 J kg^-1 22 0.18
Specific Heat 10 010 010
C^-1
0.72 W m^-1
Thermal Conductivity
C^-1
Concrete Results
Compressive Yield Tensile Yield
Concrete
Strength Pa Strength Pa
M35 0 0
7 CONCLUSION
From the modal analysis of concrete
chimney, the following conclusions are
drawn.
 Based on the investigation it is
observed that the stability of the
chimney can be increased
maximize the fundamental frequency
by with suitable selection
geometric parameter.
 The chimney has been modeled
using as ANSYS and tetrahedral 10
noded element having three degrees
of freedom at each node has been
used to discretize the structure.
 When considering the importance
of both frequency and deformation,
the ratio D/T has more positive
influence than other parameter
ratios.
 The D/T ratio up to 22 may be the
most deciding parameter in the
modal analysis.
Tensile Ultimate Compressive Ultimate
Strength Pa Strength Pa
5.e+006 4.1e+007
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