Locktronics Technical Information PDF

Page 1
©Matrix Multimedia Ltd. 2010. All rights reserved. LK4099-60-01 21/02/2011.

Page 2 Locktronics technical guide
Contents
Locktronics principles Page 3
Locktronics carriers
Resistors Page 4
Capacitors Page 6
Inductors Page 7
Switches Page 9
Relays Page 11
Optoelectronics Page 12
Motors and Generators Page 13
Electromechanical Page 14
Moving coil meters Page 15
Sensors Page 16
Semiconductors Page 18
Logic gates Page 23
Systems blocks and ICs Page 24
PICmicro microcontroller Page 27
Power/battery carriers Page 28
Blank carriers Page 29
Miscellaneous carriers Page 30
Non-carrier products
Baseboards Page 31
Power supplies Page 31
Non-carrier components Page 32
Instruments Page 35
MIAC Page 36
Engineering Panels Page 37
With the warning triangle shown here, we have hghlighted any products which we consider to require special care and atten-
tion when in use. However, you should always use these products with appropriate attention to the health and safety of
yourself and those to whom you owe a duty of care. The lack of a specific warning does not imply that Matrix Multimedia
Ltd. takes any responsibility for harm caused by inappropriate use of these products.
The electrical specifications contained in this document are intended purely to assist in the design of correctly functioning
experiments and demonstrations - they do not imply the limits of safe usage. Should the customer wish to use these prod-
ucts beyond any safety margins that are explicitly recommended in this document, then responsibility for any harm or loss
caused is the sole responsibility of the customer.

Locktronics principles
Carriers and
baseboards
The locktronics range of compo-
nents is designed to make the
construction of electronic circuits
as simple as copying a circuit dia-
gram into an exercise book. No
soldering or tools are necessary.
The plastic component carriers

each support either a discrete
electronic component, or a func-
tionally distinct circuit building block. Connections between com-
ponents are then made by simply slotting the carriers between the
pillars of a baseboard. As there are only two sizes of component
carrier, it is very easy to exchange one carrier for another in order
to demonstrate the the effect on the circuit.
The electronic components are usually visible on the underside of

the carrier (unless this would compromise safety or circuit behav-
iour) , so students also learn the appearance of many common elec-
tronic components. Where it is necessary to interact with a circuit
element (for example, light sensors), the component will be
mounted above the carrier - but there will still be a circuit symbol
printed alongside it. Locktronics makes clear the equivalence of
carriers, symbols and electronic components.
Symbols and schematics
The top of every carrier is printed with the standard circuit symbol for the part
(s) that it carries, so constructing a circuit simultaneously constructs that cir-
cuit's schematic, and vice versa. The standard carriers follow the DIN
(European) standard for schematic symbols, but carriers with ANSI (USA)
symbols are also available should they be required. Component values are
clearly marked using the relevant SI units.
Some complex modules may require more connections than are available on a
large carrier. In this case additional connections are made using 2mm sockets.
With a few exceptions, it will be connections to the power source that will be
made this way, in order to retain the clarity of the circuit schematic.
Typical small locktronics carrier
Safety first
As the electrical connections and components of the locktronics system are
always exposed, it is important to remember that they are only to be used
for low voltage, low current applications - we recommend 14Volts at 1Amp
as a safe maximum.
If in any doubt whatsoever, please ask for our advice - we are able
to supply power sources that we have tested and know to be safe
to use with these products.
Typical large locktronics carrier
Where it is possible that components could still cause harm due to high
temperatures or the discharge of high currents, we have made every effort
to incorporate safety features into the carrier designs. As far as possible,
we have done this in a way that will not affect the behaviour of the circuits
in which the carriers are likely to be used.

Page 4 Locktronics technical guide - resistors
Resistors
Fixed resistors
All fixed resistors are mounted on small (two legs) locktronics carriers.
Resistor carriers are available printed with either DIN symbols or ANSI
symbols - ANSI carriers have the suffix 'A' appended to their part num-
bers. The illustrations to the right show the general form of resistor car-
riers. DIN resistor carrier
The following table indicates the electrical ratings of our fixed resistor
carriers.
Resistance value Power rating Tolerance
3.9Ω 3W ±5%
10Ω to 12Ω 1W ±5%
ANSI resistor carrier
47Ω to 500Ω 0.5W ±5%
560Ω upwards 0.25W ±5%
Rx (120Ω) 0.5W ±5%
Resistor Rx (LK5252, LK5252A) carries a 120Ω resistor, but with the value printed as 'Rx'. This is intended for use where
students are required to determine the resistance value by experimentation or the use of instruments.
Blank resistor carriers are also available as products LK7215 and LK7215A. These are complete with riveted legs and
generic circuit symbol, but have no resistor component and have no resistance value indicated. These can be used to con-
struct resistor carriers with custom values.
Please see our catalogue or visit our website for a complete list of available resistance values.
Potentiometers
All potentiometers are mounted on large (four legs) locktronics carriers.
Potentiometer carriers are available printed with either DIN symbols or
ANSI symbols - ANSI carriers have the suffix 'A' appended to their part
numbers. The illustrations to the right show the general form of potenti-
ometer carriers.
DIN potentiometer carrier
All potentiometer carriers above 25Ω in value also include a fixed resistor
connected to the wiper terminal (see schematic, right). This is to limit the
current flow when the wiper is set to either extreme. This will prevent
damage to components or user injury due to overheating.
The following table indicates the electrical ratings of our potentiometer

carriers. 'Rp value' is the value of the protection resistor shown in the
schematic.
ANSI potentiometer carrier
Resistance value Power rating Tolerance Rp value
25Ω 5W ±20% Not Fitted
250Ω 5W ±20% 10Ω
1KΩ to 1MΩ 0.5W ±20% 27Ω
Please see our catalogue or visit our website for a complete list of avail-
able resistance values.
Circuit schematic

Page 5 Locktronics technical guide - resistors
Variable resistors
Variable resistors consist of a potentiometer mounted on a large carrier
(four legs), with only two terminals connected - as shown to the right.
They can be used to simplify the circuit schematic in situations where the
additional connections of a potentiometer carrier might cause confusion,
or to free up an extra pair of baseboard pillars for the use of other carri-
ers.
Resistance rises from zero to maximum with clockwise rotation of the
control.
The following table indicates the electrical ratings of our variable resistor
Part No. Resistance Power rating Tolerance

LK3893 250Ω 5W ±20% Variable resistor carrier
LK6630 10KΩ 0.5W ±20%

Page 6 Locktronics technical guide - capacitors
Capacitors
Small value capacitors are mounted beneath a small (two leg) carrier.
Larger values are mounted beneath a large (four leg) carrier with pairs of
shared legs. The general form of these is shown to the right.
See below for the 22000µF capacitor, this is a special case due to its un-
usually high capacitance.
Polyester capacitor carrier
Polarity is clearly indicated on the carrier for electrolytic capacitors.
The following table indicates the electrical ratings of our capacitor carri-
ers.
Capacitance Type Max. volts Tolerance Small electrolytic capacitor carrier

0.1µF to 2.2µF Polyester 100V ±10%
4.7µF to 150µF Electrolytic (small) 25V ±20%
1000µF to 4700µF Electrolytic (large) 16V ±20%
Please see our catalogue or visit our website for a full list of available ca-
pacitor values.
Large electrolytic capacitor carrier
22000µF Capacitor
The 22000µF capacitor design is shown to the right. Because of its ex-
tremely high capacitance, the design is unlike our other capacitor carriers.
The especially high value is ideal for demonstrating the principles of stor-
ing electrical energy for later use.
As well as the obvious differences in physical design, there are extra cir-
cuit elements included. A resettable fuse ensures that the capacitor can-
not deliver dangerous currents if discharged too quickly. Should the fuse
be tripped, it is easily reset by simply removing the carrier from the base-
board for a few minutes.
There is also a schottky diode for protection against reverse biasing.
Neither of these features affects the capacitor's behaviour when used cor-
rectly.
22,000µF capacitor carrier
Part No. Capacitance Type Max. volts Tolerance
LK3662 22000µF Electrolytic 16V ±20%

Page 7 Locktronics technical guide - inductors
Inductors
Chokes
Chokes are mounted onto a small (two leg) carrier. The general form of
these is shown to the right.
The following table indicates the electrical specifications of our choke

components. Choke carrier
Part No. Inductance Tolerance DC Max.DC Self-resonant

resistance current frequency
LK6214R3 4.7mH ±10% 32Ω 40mA 800kHz
LK6214R1 10mH ±5% 40Ω 40mA 400kHz
LK6214R2 47mH ±5% 52Ω 13mA 120kHz
LK6215 68mH ±10% 67Ω 11mA 90kHz
LK9877 200mH ±5% 424Ω 39mA 70kHz
Transformer - 2:1 turns ratio

This carrier uses a high efficiency audio transformer with a simple two to
one ratio between the windings.
The windings are clearly identified on the carrier.
Specifications taken at 1kHz into a 600Ω output load.
Part number LK4123

Turns Ratio 2:1
Bandwidth 16Hz to 20kHz (-3dB) 2:1 ratio transformer carrier
Impedance DC Resistance Inductance

Winding 1 1kΩ 7Ω 125mH
Winding 2 4kΩ 20Ω 500mH
2:1 Transformer with retractable fer-

rite core
Two 400 turn coils are mounted on top of this carrier with their axes
aligned. A seperate ferrite rod is provided which can be inserted along
the the shared axis of the coils.
It is thus possible to demonstrate the effect that different materials have
on the efficiency of transformers. The relatively low efficiency also makes
it simple to investigate the effects of poor coupling in transformer circuits.
Part No. LK7483 2:1 transformer carrier with re-

Each coil has identical specifications as follows... tractable core
Impedance DC Resistance Inductance
No ferrite <10Ω (1kHz) 9Ω 1.6mH
With ferrite 40Ω (1kHz) 9Ω 13mH

Page 8 Locktronics technical guide - inductors
Ferrite rod carrier

The ferrite rod carrier is intended to act as core for winding custom coils.
Two press terminals provide an easy way to connect the tail ends of the
coil winding to the carrier legs.
Part number LK4021
Ferrite rod carrier

Page 9 Locktronics technical guide - switches
Switches
Metal strip switches
This is our budget range of switches, supplied as standard with most of
our kits and solutions. A sprung steel metal strip is used to make the cir-
cuit connection by linking together metal studs on the carrier top.
As the metal strip functions as a circuit conductor, this range of switches Press switch carrier
may be unsuitable for circuits which are sensitive to picking up electrical
noise (for example, contact 'bounce') or electromagnetic radiation (for
example, mains 'hum'). For such circuits, see our range of toggle switches
below.
There are three types of metal strip switch, illustrated to the right...
LK6207 Momentary press switch On/off switch carrier

Press the metal strip to make connection, and release it to break the con-
nection - just like a vintage morse code key.
LK6209 On/off switch

On this version, the metal strip swivels sideways to make and break the
connection, and remains in either position when released.
LK6208 Changeover switch

The metal strip swivels sideways to make or break either of two connec-
tions. The strip remains in position when released.
Changeover switch carrier
Toggle switches
These switches use a sturdy spring loaded toggle, which is fully isolated
from the electrical signals connected to the carrier terminals.
There are three switch functions available, illustrated to the right...
LK6633 On/off toggle switch

On/off switch carrier
A simple single pole latching on/off switch. On and off positions are
clearly marked on the carrier top.
LK6224 Changeover toggle switch

A double throw version of the toggle switch. The position of the toggle
matches the orientation of the circuit diagram printed on the carrier top.
LK6632 Reversing switch

A double pole, double throw toggle switch pre-wired to allow the two
input terminals to be connected to the two output terminals either di- Changeover switch carrier
rectly or crossed over. Primarily used for switching the polarity of mo-
tors (and hence their direction of rotation.)
Reversing switch carrier

Page 10 Locktronics technical guide - switches
Microswitch
A single pole, changeover contact microswitch, as commonly used in in-
dustrial machinery for sensing the position of moving parts.
The microswitch toggle has a small roller at its tip, and projects from the
side of the carrier, from where it can be easily actuated by the moving
parts of solenoids, motors etc.
Part number LK6634

Switchover force max. 0.5 N
Activation travel 1 mm Microswitch carrier
Over travel 1 mm
Reed switch
The reed switch will change from open circuit to closed circuit in the
presence of a magnetic field of either polarity.
Our small bar magnet (LK0123) will activate the reed switch at a range of
approximately 5mm.
Reed switch carrier
Part number LK5404
Current max. 0.5 A
On threshold > 15 AT
Off threshold < 5 AT
Note that care should be taken when using this carrier. In order not to
reduce its sensitivity, the reed switch is mounted on the carrier top, ex-
posing the fragile glass envelope. Should the glass be damaged, the
carrier will no longer function.

Page 11 Locktronics technical guide - relays
Relays
Standard relays
Relay carriers are available with a choice of either 6V or 12V coils, and
with a choice of a single normally-open contact or double-throw change-
over contacts.
Changeover relays have a 2mm socket on the carrier top for the common
contact. The appropriate lead is provided, and is available with either a
4mm plug (add 'L' suffix to part no.) or 2mm plug ('LE' suffix) at the far
end. Normally-open relay carriers
6 V Coil 12 V Coil
Part number (normally open) LK5403 LK5280
Part number (changeover) LK7889 LK7049
Coil activate voltage max. 3.0 V 5.5 V
Coil release voltage min. 0.5 V 1.2 V
Coil voltage absolute max. 12.0 V 24 V
Coil resistance 110 Ω 55 Ω
Contact rating 5.0 A 5.0 A
Note that, in order to allow flexibility in baseboard placement, these

carriers include no shunting of the back e.m.f. generated by de-energising
the coil. You may wish to include a diode carrier in parallel with the coil
in order to protect other components in your circuit from these poten-
tially damaging currents.
Changeover relay carriers
Reed relays
Reed relays have the advantage over the standard relays of being much
more sensitive. The coils have a much higher resistance, thus requiring a
far smaller current to switch the contacts.
However, note that the current carrying capacity of the contacts is much
reduced compared to the conventional relays.
There is a choice of either a single normally-open contact or double-
throw (changeover) contacts.
The changeover reed relay has a 2mm socket on the carrier top for the
common contact. The appropriate lead is provided, and is available with
either a 4mm plug (add 'L' suffix to part no.) or 2mm plug ('LE' suffix) at
Reed relay carriers
the far end.
Part number (normally open) LK5405

Part number (changeover) LK4103
Coil activate voltage max. 3.0 V
Coil release voltage min. 1.5 V
Coil resistance 750 Ω
Contact rating 0.5 A

Page 12 Locktronics technical guide - optoelectronics
Optoelectronics
Lampholders
The lampholder carriers will accept any standard MES screw fitting bulb.
They are available in two forms; with or without polarity markings. The
polarised lampholder carrier is intended for use with LED bulbs, as are
becoming increasingly common as panel indicators and in automotive ap- Standard lamp holder carrier
plications.
For our range of MES filament bulbs and LEDs, see page 32 in the 'Non-
carrier products' section of this document.
Part number - standard lamp holder LK5291

Part number - polarised lamp holder LK5287 Polarised lamp holder carrier
LEDs
LED carriers are available in three colours. Each carrier also includes a
current limiting resistor which is shown on the carrier schematic. There
is a choice of two resistor values suitable for powering the LEDs from
either 5V or 12V supplies.
You can also choose between having the resistor shown with the DIN LED carrier - DIN version
circuit symbol or the ANSI symbol - add the suffix 'A' to the part number
for the ANSI option.
5V LED 12V LED

Part number - Red LK6635 LK6430
Part number - Green LK6636 LK6432
LED carrier - ANSI version
Part number - Yellow LK6637 LK6431
Limiting resistor value 120 Ω 470 Ω
Forward current 20 mA at nominal voltage
Peak light wavelength - Red 660 nm
Peak light wavelength - Green 590 nm
Peak light wavelength - Yellow 560 nm
Viewing angle 30°
Solar cell
A panel of photovoltaic cells attached to the top of a large locktronics
carrier.
The panel includes diode protection to prevent reverse voltages from
flowing back into the cell, making it suitable for demonstrating the trickle
charging of rechargeable devices.
Note that the panel overhangs the edges of the carrier, so some allow-
ance for this may need to be made when laying out circuits on the base-
board. Solar cell
Part number LK7746

Output voltage 3V
Output current max. 100mA
Panel dimensions 95 mm × 65 mm

Page 13 Locktronics technical guide - motors and generators
Motors and generators

DC motors
There is a choice of three DC motors available to suit different circuit
parameters and applications.
LK6706 is a large cylindrical motor mounted high on a carrier and fitted
with a small gear so that it is able to interface with the LK6707 optical
sensor for constructing tachometer circuits etc. It is also able to work
with the widest voltage range of the three DC motor carriers.
LK4102 is an open-frame motor, ideal when teaching the theory of mo-
tors as the rotor, magnets and commutator can all be seen through a
small perpex window. 3 V to 12 V motor carrier
Both LK6706 and LK4102 are protected by current limiting resistors, and
include shunt capacitors to suppress electrical interference.
LK4663 is a very low inertia motor ('Solar motor') designed to be driven
from a very small current such as that supplied by a solar cell or storage
capacitor.
Technical specifications are as follows...
LK6706 LK4102 LK4663
Nominal operating voltage 6.0 V 6.0 V 2.0 V Open frame motor carrier
Voltage min/max 3.0 - 12 V 3.0 - 9.0 V 0.75 - 3.0 V

Load at max. efficiency 10 g.cm 4.5 g.cm 5.5 g.cm
No load current 230 mA 85 mA 25 mA
Optimal load current 650 mA 220 mA 60 mA
No load speed 9000 rpm 11700 rpm 2200 rpm
Optimal load speed 8000 rpm 8500 rpm 1500 rpm Solar motor carrier
Stepper motor
This is a two phase bipolar stepper motor mounted onto a large carrier.
It can be moved in precise discrete steps by applying voltages of the cor-
rect polarities to the four carrier legs labelled A, B, C, and D. The voltage
sequences are shown in the table to the right, simply repeat the sequence
to keep the motor turning.
Our LK4690 programmable PIC microcontroller or a Matrix MIAC unit
are ideal for generating these sequences with suitable speed and precision.
Stepper motor carrier
Part number LK4322
Anti-clockwise
Step Angle 7.5° Step A B C D

Clockwise
Nominal voltage 12V 1 -ve +ve +ve -ve

Current 0.5 A per phase 2 -ve +ve -ve +ve
Phase windings 25 Ω, 40 mH 3 +ve -ve -ve +ve
Maximum speed 300 steps per second 4 +ve -ve +ve -ve
Hand cranked generator

This carrier is used to demonstrate how mechanical energy can be turned
into electricity. A gearbox on the front of the generator ensures a healthy
output voltage at a relatively low turning speed.
It also demonstrates very well the opposing back e.m.f. when the genera-
tor is connected to a load - the handle is much harder to turn when
loaded.
Part number LK4893 Hand cranked generator carrier

Gearbox ratio 30:1
Output (120 rpm into 100Ω load) 12 V, 100mA

Page 14 Locktronics technical guide - electromechanical
Electromechanical
Solenoid
A solenoid attached to a large carrier with a plunger that will push out
from the carrier body when energised by a DC voltage of either polarity.
Part number LK6838

Plunger stroke length 9 mm
Plunger force at 5 mm extension 0.04 N
Plunger holding force at full extension 0.3 N
Coil voltage 6.0 V Solenoid carrier
Coil current 0.5 A
Coil DC resistance 12 Ω
Note that, in order to allow flexibility in baseboard placement, this carrier

includes no shunting of the back e.m.f. generated by de-energising the
coil. You may wish to include a diode carrier in parallel with the coil in
order to protect other components in your circuit from these potentially
damaging currents.
Buzzers
The buzzer carriers have a low current piezo-electric sounder attached to
the top surface. The sounder includes a built in oscillator circuit, so a
simple DC voltage across the terminals is all that is required to generate a
sound.
Buzzers are available with a choice of two voltage ratings. Buzzer carrier
6 V buzzer 12 V buzzer
Part number LK6423 LK3246
Operating voltage range 4 to 8 V DC 8 to 15 V DC
Operating current 30 mA
Sound pressure level 85 dB @ 10 cm
Frequency 2300 Hz ± 300 Hz
Speaker
A small moving coil loudspeaker attached to a large carrier. The speaker
diaphragm is protected from damage by a plastic grille. A high impedance
voice coil has been chosen to eliminate the need for a high power audio
amplifier.
Part number LK8932

Impedance 100 Ω
Power max. 0.3 W rms Speaker carrier
Sound pressure level max. 80dB @ 10 cm
Frequency response 1.2 kHz to 10 kHz
Resonant frequency 1.2 kHz

Page 15 Locktronics technical guide - meters
Moving coil meters

A range of four traditional moving coil meters are available, all mounted
onto large carriers with the correct connection polarity clearly indicated.
This saves the added complexity of using multimeters and test leads to
measure the characteristics of a circuit layout, and makes it simple to in-
corporate multiple measurement ponts into a single circuit.
The use of a moving coil mechanism is also far more intuitive for students Voltmeter carrier, 0 to 15 V
when studying values which are changing - there's no need to account for
the the placing of decimal points, or differing measurement ranges that can
so easily lead to errors when reading a digital multimeter.
Part Number Type Range Resistance

LK3982 Voltmeter 0 V to 15 V 15 kΩ
LK9438 Voltmeter -7.5 V to +7.5 V 15 kΩ Voltmeter carrier, ±7.5 V
LK9381 Ammeter 0 mA to 100 mA 1.5 Ω
LK8397 Ammeter 0 A to 1 A < 0.1 Ω
Ammeter carrier, 0 to 1 A
Ammeter carrier, 0 to 100 mA

Page 16 Locktronics technical guide - sensors
Sensors
Temperature sensors
Thermistors
Thermistors are mounted on a small (two legs) carrier with the thermis-
tor component protruding from the top of the carrier.
These carriers are available with either DIN or ANSI (products with an 'A' DIN thermistor carrier
suffix) circuit symbols printed on them.
Both thermistor carriers have a negative temperature coefficient - the
resistance will decrease as temperature rises. The nominal resistance
printed on the carrier is the value at 25°C.
The following table indicates the electrical ratings of the thermistors.

ANSI thermistor carrier
Part No. Resistance Power rating Tolerance Coefficient
LK5401 470Ω 450mW ±3% -3.8%/°C
LK5402 4.7KΩ 450mW ±3% -4.5%/°C
Thermistor and moisture sensor PCB

This a small circuit board with a thermistor on one side, and a moisture
sensor on the reverse. Four terminal pins allow the board to be con-
nected to a locktronics circuit using crocodile clip leads (LK5570).
The board can then be attached, for example, to the inside of a tank to
sense the water level.
The thermistor characteristics are identical to LK5402 (see above) Thermistor and moisture sensor
PCB
Part number LK6850
Thermocouple
This consists of a large carrier fitted with an industry standard thermo-
couple socket, and a seperate type-K thermocouple probe attached to the
appropriate plug via a one metre lead.
The probe is a metal rod 80 mm long attached to an insulated handle, and
is fully sealed so that it can be safely immersed in liquids
Part number LK8988

Thermocouple Type K (chromel-alumel)
Sensitivity 40 µV / °C Thermocouple carrier and probe
Hall effect switch

The hall effect sensor is used to detect magnetic fields. Typically it is used
to sense the passing of a magnet attached to the moving parts of machin-
ery for positional sensing or counting the revolutions of a drive shaft.
The device used incorporates circuitry to provide a simple on/off output
suitable for interfacing to digital circuits. The output is normally on, and
turns off in the presence of a magnetic field; there is also an on-board LED
to show the ouput status.
Hall effect switch carrier
Part number LK6734
Device used A1102EUA
Supply voltage (V+) 3.8 V to 14 V
Supply current 7.5 mA
Output on voltage V+ × 0.6
Output current 25mA
Magnetic flux for turn on 175 G
Magnetic flux for turn off 10 G

Page 17 Locktronics technical guide - sensors
Light sensors
Light dependent resistor

The light dependent resistor (LDR) is mounted on the top of a small car-
rier (two legs). It is available with either a DIN or ANSI (add an 'A' suffix)
circuit symbol.
DIN LDR carrier
Part number LK5144
Light resistance (at 10 lux) 5 kΩ to 12 kΩ
Dark resistance 2.5 MΩ
Peak light wavelength 550 nm
Power rating 250 mW
ANSI LDR carrier
Photodiode
This small carrier has a photodiode attached to the carrier such that its
light collecting lens shows through the carrier top. The device used has
been chosen becuase it is sensitive to approximately the same light spec-
trum as the human eye.
Photodiode carrier
Part number LK7361
Device used TEPT5700
Light spectrum 440 nm to 800 nm
Angle of incidence ±50°
Peak light wavelength 470 nm
Maximum voltage 6V
Dark current max. 50 nA
Light current at 100 lux 75 µA
Slotted opto switch

This carrier has an infra-red LED and phototransistor mounted either side
of a slot in a plastic mounting. The photodiode senses when the slot is
obstructed, its output is then passed to the output via a CMOS buffer
circuit for easy interfacing.
An LED on the carrier top also indicates the ouput status.
The slotted mounting is positioned so that it can accomodate the gear-
wheel on the LK6706 DC motor, such that the revolutions of the motor
can be counted. Slotted opto switch carrier
Power for the carrier is supplied via two 2mm sockets, the leads for
which are supplied as standard.
Part number LK6707

Supply voltage 4.5 V to 16 V
Supply current max. 50 mA
Output high min. V+ × 0.95
Output low max. V+ × 0.05
Output current max. 20 mA
Slot width 3mm

Page 18 Locktronics technical guide - semiconductors
Semiconductors
Diodes
There is a wide selection of diode carriers available, all mounted beneath
small (two legs) carriers. The illustration to the right shows their general
appearance
Diode, germanium
This is a type OA91 device. It is especially suitable for low level signals Diode carrier
due to its low forward voltage drop.
Part Number LK5242

Max. forward current (average) 50mA
Max. forward current (peak for <1s) 500mA
Max. reverse voltage 90V
Forward current Forward voltage (typical)
0.1mA 0.18V
10mA 1.2V
30mA 2.1V
Reverse voltage Reverse current (typical)
1.5V 1.5mA
10V 4mA
Diode, silicon
This is a type 1N4148 device, designed for applications where fast switch-
ing is required.
Part Number LK5249

Max. forward current (average) 450mA
Max. forward current (peak for <1µs) 2A
Reverse Current (Vr < 20V) <0.1mA
0.1mA 0.5V
10mA 0.7V
30mA 0.8V
Diode, power, 1A, 50V

This is a high current diode suitable for rectification and protection against
reverse power polarity. The device used is a 1N4001.
Part Number LK5248

Max. forward current (average) 1A
Max. forward current (peak for <10µs) 30A
Reverse Current (Vr < 20V) <0.1mA
0.1A 0.75V
1.0A 0.9V
10A 1.3V

Zener diodes
These are designed to provide a simple form of voltage regulation. When
reverse biased, the voltage across the diode is clamped to the breakdown
(zener) voltage of the semiconductor junction.
For breakdown to occur there must be sufficient reverse current passing
through the zener diode. Zener diode carrier
The diagram to the right shows a zener diode in a typical circuit configura-
tion - in series with a resistor to set up a voltage divider. The maximum
value of the resistor can be found by the following equation...
RMax = VIn - VZener

IZener + ILoad
A range of zener diodes are available with different breakdown voltages,

the other specifications are the same for the entire range, and are shown
below.
Zener current 5mA

Max. power dissipation 500mW Typical zener diode Circuit
Zener voltage tolerance ±5%
Part Number Zener Voltage

LK5247 4.7 V
LK5253 6.8V
LK5254 8.2 V
LK5258 12V
Schottky diode
The schottky diode has a very small forward voltage drop, a very fast
switching time and good power handling.
This makes it ideal for very high frequency circuits, and for making ex-
tremely efficient rectifiers and power circuits.
The locktronics schottky diode carrier has the following characteristics.
Schottky diode carrier
Part number LK8000
Max. forward current (average) 1A
Max. forward current (peak for <10ms) 25A
Max. reverse current 1mA
100mA 0.35V
1A 0.5V
10A 1.3V
Bridge rectifier
This incorporates four 1N4001 diodes wired to the four legs of a large
carrier to provide a ready made bridge rectifier (full wave rectifier)
See the previous page for the 1N4001 (Diode, power) electrical specifica-
tions.
Part Number LK5286

Bridge rectifier carrier
This carrier is NOT intended for the rectification of the mains electricity
supply. It is only to be used for demostrating the principle of rectification
using an appropriate low voltage AC source (14 Vrms at 1 A is recom-
mended as a safe maximum)..

Bipolar transistors
General purpose bipolar transistors
There are both NPN and PNP general purpose transistor carriers, each of
which is available with two different connection layouts (see pictures,
right). The different layouts make it simpler to choose a carrier that
makes best use of the space on a baseboard.
To tell them apart, hold the carrier with the base terminals at the bottom
- the emitter terminal will then be either be facing left (LHF carrier) or to
the right (RHF carrier). The electrical characteristics are not affected by
the different layouts.
The two NPN carriers use ZTX451 devices and the PNP carriers use
ZTX551. The electrical specifications of these two devices are identical,
apart from the change in junction polarity. Transistor carrier, LHF, NPN
Base-collector voltage max. 80 V

Collector-emitter voltage max. 60 V
Emitter-base voltage max. 5V
Collector current max. 1 A
Power dissipation max. 1W
DC current gain (hFE) min.50, max.150
Base-emitter saturation voltage max. 1.1 V
Part Number Description
LK5240 NPN, RHF (ZTX451)
LK5241 NPN, LHF (ZTX451)
LK5255 PNP, RHF (ZTX551)
Transistor carrier, LHF, PNP
LK5256 PNP, LHF (ZTX551)
High power bipolar transistors

Where greater power or currrent handling are required, there is a choice
of two power transistor carriers. They are both NPN devices, using the
right-facing carrier layout (RHF, NPN - shown right).
Part Number LK6705 LK7203

Transistor device BD135 2N3055
Collector-base voltage max. 45 V 60 V Transistor carrier, RHF, NPN
Collector-emitter voltage max. 45 V 70 V

Emitter-base voltage max. 5.0 V 7.0 V
Collector current max. 1.5 A 15 A
Power dissipation max. 8W 115 W
DC current gain (hFE) 25 - 40 20 - 70
Although these carriers are capable of driving extremely high power

loads, please remember that the locktronics system exposes many live
conductors. For your safety, we advise you to use this product below a
safe limit of 14 V at 1 A.
Transistor carrier, RHF, PNP

Field effect transistors

N-channel FET
There is a choice of two field effect transistor carriers, both of which are
n-channel devices suitable for switching digital or analogue signals. The
carrier layout is shown to the right.
Both carriers work in depletion mode - that is, they are normally conduct-
ing, and require a negative voltage at the gate in order to turn off the
drain-to-source signal.
The main differences is that LK5146 is a JFET device with greater power
handling. N channel field effect transistor
carrier
Part Number LK5146 LK7219
Device Type 2N5457 2N3819
Drain-source voltage max. 25V 25V
Drain-gate voltage max. -25V -25V
Cutoff voltage (gate-source) -0.5 to -6 V -0.5 to -7.5 V
Power max. 625 mW 350 mW
Forward transconductance 5.0 mS 5.5 mS
High power MOSFET

This is a high power n-channel device which works in enhancement mode
- that is, the drain to source channel is normally non-conducting, and re-
quires a positive voltage at the gate terminal to turn the channel on.
Part number LK8011

Device type RFP30N06LE
Drain-source voltage max. 60 V
Drain-gate voltage max. 60 V N channel MOSFET carrier
Drain current max. 30 A
Gate on threshold min. 1V, max. 2 V
Drain-source on resistance max. 0.05 Ω
Power max. 96 W
Although this carrier is capable of driving extremely high power loads,

please remember that the locktronics system exposes many live conduc-
tors. For your safety, we advise you to use this product below a safe limit
of 14 V at 1 A.

Unijunction transistor
The unijunction transistor is used in pulse generation and oscillator cir-
cuits. There is normally a high resistance between the two base terminals.
As the emitter voltage is raised, it reaches a trigger point, where the cur-
rent between the two base terminals rapidly rises - negative resistance in
the transfer curve - after which point the conductivity drops again.
Part number LK5246

Device type 2N2646
Base current max. 2.0 A Unijunction transistor carrier
Interbase voltage max. 30 V
Power max. 300 mW
Interbase resistance (no bias) min. 4.7 kΩ, max 9,.1 kΩ
Emitter trigger threshold min. 0.56 V, max. 0.75 V
Thyristor
The thyristor is also sometimes known as a silicon controlled rectifier
(SCR), and as that name suggests is mainly used for the control of AC
voltages.
If the anode-cathode junction is forward biased, a signal at the gate termi-
nal will make the device conduct. The gate signal need only be a short
pulse, as the device will then continue to conduct for as long as the junc-
tion is forward biased.
Once there is a reverse bias across the anode-cathode junction, the de- Thyristor carrier
vice will cease to conduct.
Part Number LK5248

Device type C106D1G
Cathode-anode voltage max. 400 V
Cathode-anode current max. 2.5 A
Trigger voltage max. 0.8 V
Trigger current max. 0.2 mA
Cathode-anode hold current max. 3 mA
Gate reverse voltage max. -6 V
This carrier is NOT intended for the rectification of the mains electricity
supply. It is only to be used for demostrating the principle of rectification
using an appropriate low voltage AC source (14 Vrms at 1 A is recom-
mended as a safe maximum)..

Page 23 Locktronics technical guide - logic gates
Logic gates
All six basic combinational logic functions are available in the Locktronics
range, all based around standard 4000 series CMOS quad gate ICs.
Specifications:
Each carrier has two inputs (marked A and B) and a single output, apart
from the NOT gates which require only one input. The output status is Supply voltage (VDD) 3 V to 15 V
also indicated by an on-board LED. Logic input high min. VDD × 0.75
Logic input low max. VDD × 0.25
Each input includes a resistor to protect it against excessive input voltages Logic output high min. VDD × 0.99
and to limit current draw. There is also a pull-down resistor on each Logic output low max. VDD × 0.01
input to ensure that unconnected inputs represent a logic low state. Input current max. 2 mA
Output current max. 40mA
The current rating of the outputs has been maximised by connecting all
four gates of each quad IC in parallel, enabling the carriers to easily drive AND gate IC MC14081BC
LEDs or piezo-electric buzzers without the need for a buffer circuit. OR gate IC MC14071BC
NOT gate IC MC14001BC
Power is taken from a red 2mm socket on the top of the carrier, the lead NAND gate IC MC14011BC
for which is provided. There is a choice of either 4mm (L suffux) or 2mm NOR gate IC MC14001BC
(LE suffix) connectors for the PSU end of the leads. XOR gate IC MC14070BC
The carriers are available with either SB (Systems block) or ANSI (US
standards) symbols printed on the top. The illustration below shows the
complete range, including their part numbers ('LK' codes), and truth tables
for each gate's function.

Page 24 Locktronics technical guide - systems blocks and ICs
Systems blocks and ICs

Systems blocks
System block carriers feature a variety of small ready-made circuits rather
than the usual single components. They provide small building blocks in-
tended to show how an electronic control system can be defined as a
series of generic functions, without the need to understand their behav-
iour at the level of individual components.
Driver blocks
There is a choice of two driver blocks, each of which takes a low-current
on/off input and has an output for driving a more powerful load.
The transistor switch carrier is suitable for resistive loads requiring up
to 200 mA.
The transducer driver carrier can drive loads up to 6 A and has built in
protection against back EMFs, making it suitable for inductive and capaci-
tive loads such as motors and relays.
The carriers and a typical application circuit are shown to the right.
Transistor switch Transducer driver
Load current max. 200 mA 6A
Driver block carriers
Load voltage max. 25 V 200 V
Power max. 600 mW 70 W
Input saturation point 0.65 V 3V
Input impedance 39 kΩ 100 kΩ
Although the transducer driver carrier is capable of driving extremely
high power loads, for your safety, we advise you to use this product with
Typical driver block connection
no more than 14 V at 1 A.
555 Timer
This carrier uses the ubiquitous NE555 IC to make a carrier that can be
used for creating monostable and astable timer circuits using the bare
minimum of external components.
A toggle switch on the carrier top is used to select the mode used; 'A' for
astable mode - a square waveform oscillator; or 'T' (timer mode) - a
monostable circuit for generating individual pulses and time delays.
The carrier receives power from a 2mm socket, for which the lead is sup-
plied as standard. Power supply decoupling is also included. 555 Timer carrier
Typical application circuits are shown below.
Part number LK6300

Power supply (Vcc) 4.5 V to 18 V
Supply current 15 mA
Input trigger threshold Vcc × 0.33
Input current 2 µA
555 Timer astable circuit 555 Timer monostable circuit

D-type flip-flop carriers

These carriers feature a D-type flip flop circuit with access to every possi-
ble input and output line.
In order to make best use of the space on a baseboard, it is available with
two different arrangements of the carrier connections; referred to as ver-
tical and horizontal - the illustrations opposite will help you to decide
which is most appropriate.
Whenever there is a transition from false to true at the clock (CK) input,
the value on the data (D) input is passed to the Q output. The data at the
output is then locked in place until the next false to true clock transistion.
An inverted output (Q) always outputs the opposite logic state to the Q
output.
Set and reset inputs are also provided, which force the Q output to a D-type flip-flop carrier - vertical
logic true or false value respectively when triggered by a false to true tran-
sition.
Power, set and reset inputs are all on 2mm connectors; a pack of four
leads is provided with the carrier.
Part number - horizontal LK6500

Part number - vertical LK6501
Power supply (Vcc) 3 V to 15 V
Input logic low max. Vcc × 0.3 D-type flip-flop carrier - horizontal
Input logic high min. Vcc × 0.6
Input current max. 1 µA
Output logic low max. Vcc × 0.05
Output logic high min. Vcc × 0.95
Output current max. 8 mA (Vcc = 15 V)
Tri-state buffer
This carrier acts as a buffer between two digital devices.
When the clock (C) input is high, the input logic state is passed directly
from the input (A) to the output (Y).
When the clock input is low, the output enters a high impedance state,
effectively dicsonnecting the device from the output circuit.
This is especially useful for switching and multiplexing circuits, where sig-
nals need to be selectively connected to a device without the possiblilty of
unselected signals interfering with each other.
2mm sockets are used for several of the connections - the appropriate
leads are provided with the carrier.
Part number LK6708

Power supply 4.5 V to 5.5 V Tri-state buffer carrier
Input logic low max. 0.7 V
Input logic high min. 2V
Input current max. 20 µA
Output logic low max. 0.5 V
Output logic high min. 2.5 V
Note that this carrier uses a 74 series TTL device and will require par-
ticular care to ensure the the power supply and logic level voltages are
within its acceptable range.

Op-amp module
This is a large carrier fitted with a TL081 operational amplifier IC. Diodes
are also included to protect the IC from incorrectly connected power
supply voltages. Inputs and outputs are also protected against shorting to
0V or either power rail.
Two 2mm sockets provide the inputs for positive and negative power
rails, for use in typical dual-rail amplifier circuits. The appropriate leads
are provided with the carrier. Op-Amp module carrier
Part number LK7234
Supply voltage rails ±3.5 V to ±18 V
Open loop gain min. 90 dB
Gain•bandwidth 3 MHz
Common mode rejection min. 70dB
Input impedence 1012 Ω
Power max. 650 mW
Voltage Regulator (7805)

The 7805 regulator takes a high DC input voltage (> 7 V), and outputs a
steady 5 V at up to 1 A. The output voltage is regulated to keep the out-
put steady regardless of fluctuations in the power source.
The device is fully protected against short-circuits, overheating and exces-
sive output loads.
Part number LK7208

Output voltage 4.8 V to 5.2 V
Input voltage 7 V to 35 V
Line regulation 4 mV
Voltage regulator carrier
Load regulation 9 mV
Output current max. 1A
Short circuit current 230 mA
Output resistance 15 mΩ

Page 27 Locktronics technical guide - PICmicro microcontroller
PICmicro microcontroller
The PICmicro microcontroller carrier is essentially an entire small com-
puter system mounted to a locktronics carrier, which can be programmed
via its USB connection to perform an endless variety of tasks.
A quick summary of its features is outlined below - a more detailed data
sheet can be found on our website (www.matrixmultimedia.com), where
you can also find downloads of example programs, and software enabling
the device to be programmed from your PC.
Inputs and outputs

The device has four input/output connections labelled A, B, C and D.
You can choose whether these should be inputs or outputs with suitable PICmicro microcontroller carrier
programming. All four connections have the ability to be digital inputs or
outputs in any combination.
In addition, connectors A and B can be used for sampling analogue volt-
ages; and connectors C and D can output PWM signals for driving servos,
or to use as analogue outputs (with the addition of a simple low-pass RC
filter)
Multiple programs
The PICmicro's internal memory can hold up to 12000 instructions.
These can be divided into eight separate programs. You can then decide
which program to run using three small slide switches on the carrier side -
the chart to the right (also printed on the carrier) shows the binary switch
PIC micro program selection
combinations for each program.
Programs can be reset and started again using the push button on the car-
rier top.
Dual power sources

The carrier can be powered from either a 6 V power supply via 2mm
sockets (leads provided), or from a USB connection to your PC.
USB Reprogrammable
The carrier can be reprogrammed at any time by connecting it to a PC
using a USB A to mini-B cable. You can download ready-made programs
from our website that tie in with Matrix curriculum worksheets, or use
our Flowcode software to write your own.
Programs are retained in the carrier's memory when the power is re-
moved. The device then functions as a stand-alone microcontroller; the
USB connection is not needed in order for programs to run.
An LED on the carrier top is used to show when the device is running,
and also uses a system of flashes to indicate the flow of data on the USB
connection.
We can also supply spare microcontroller ICs (LK8372); useful if you wish
to build up a library of programs without the need to keep reprogram-
ming the carrier or have limited access to a PC.
Part number LK4690

Microcontroller device PICmicro* PIC18F2455
Power supply USB, or 6 V PSU
Inputs and output current max. 25 mA
Program memory 12000 instructions
Random access memory 2 k bytes
Non-volatile (EEPROM) memory 256 bytes
Clock speed 4 MHz
Analogue to digital convertor 10 bit resolution
* PICmicro is a registered trademark of Microchip Technology Inc.

Page 28 Locktronics technical guide - power/battery carrier
Power/battery carriers
Power source carriers
These are large carriers fitted with a 2.1 mm coaxial power socket. suit-
able for our plug top power supplies. They are available with a choice of
three circuit symbols; a generic DC voltage source symbol, a battery
symbol or a generic AC source symbol.
The DC and battery symbol carriers are wired with the centre pin of the
socket to the positive terminal and outer conductor to the negative ter-
minal.
DC voltage source symbol LK7461 Power source carriers

Battery symbol LK8275
AC voltage source symbol LK2340
Dual voltage rail carrier

This has two 2.1 mm coaxial power sockets connected so that two power
supplies can be used to provide dual power rails - positive and negative,
with a shared 0V line.
The two power sockets are wired with the centre pin as positive, outer
conductor as negative.
Part number LK8492 Dual voltage rail power carrier
AA battery holder carrier

This large carrier has a moulded compartment for an AA-size battery -
the battery terminals are then available on the carrier legs
Part number LK7409

AA battery holder carrier

Page 29 Locktronics technical guide - blank carriers
Blank carriers
Blank carrier packs
If the precise component you require is not available in the Locktronics
range, we can supply packs of unprinted carriers to which you can solder
your own components.
These carriers have the sprung metal legs already attached, and circuit
symbols are easily drawn on the carrier top with a solvent based perma-
nent marker.
Carrier size Part number Carriers per pack

Small LK5800 20
Large LK5900 10
Blank carriers
Print-only carriers
We can also supply individual carriers already printed with generic circuit
symbols for the most common component types.
With these, you can construct your own carriers to meet your specific
requirements, but still have a smartly printed and wear-resistant circuit
symbol.
Carrier symbol Carrier Size Part number

Resistor (DIN symbol) Small LK7215
Resistor (ANSI symbol) Small LK7215A
Capacitor - unpolarised Small LK7216
Capacitor - electrolytic Small LK7217
Diode Small LK8013
Transistor Large LK7218
Print-only carriers

Page 30 Locktronics technical guide - miscellaneous carriers
Miscellaneous carriers
Connecting link
A small carrier with a direct link between the two legs. Used as 'wires' to
connect other components together.
Part number LK5250 Connecting Link
Crossover link
A large carrier with diagonal pairs of contacts connected together. Allows
links between circuit elements to cross without shorting together.
Part number LK5251

Crossover Link
Fuse/universal component carrier

A small carrier with the two contacts connected to metal pillars with
screw terminals. A simple fuse can be constructed by attaching a short
length of fuse wire between the terminals. Alternatively any two leaded
electronic component can be attached.
Fuse/universal component carrier
Part number LK7936
Sampler carrier
A small carrier with large metal pillars connected to the two contacts.
Offers a fast way of substituting components by simply touching them to
the two contacts - for demonstrating the difference between conductors
and insulators, for example.
Sampler carrier
Part number LK5290
Automotive fuse carrier

A small carrier fitted with a fuse holder for standard mini blade fuses, as
commonly used in vehicle fuse boxes. Supplied as standard with a five
amp quick blow fuse fitted.
Part number LK4786 Automotive fuse carrier

Page 31 Locktronics technical guide - baseboards and PSUs
Baseboards
Baseboards are an essential component of the Locktronics system, into
which carriers are slotted in order to construct circuits.
Each has a regular grid of plated brass pillars, which are slotted to accept
the sprung terminal 'legs' of the carriers. Each pillar also has a socket at
its tip to accept the plugs on our range of leads.
The most commonly used baseboard has a seven by five grid of pillars -
large enough for arranging the vast majority of the circuits included in our
curriculum packs. If a smaller, more portable system is needed, we also
have a four by four baseboard - this also includes battery clips to hold up
to three C size cells connected in series, enabling you to continue using
Locktronics when mains power is not available. (batteries not included) 7 × 5 baseboard
There is also a choice of two baseboard pillars - with 4mm sockets for
standard 'banana' connectors, or with 2mm sockets for labs where 4mm
connectors are reserved for high voltage work.
It is also possible to purchase spare pillars and battery contacts to enable
baseboards to be repaired in the field.
4mm sockets 2mm sockets
7 × 5 baseboard LK8900 LK7302
4 × 4 baseboard LK3000 LK5940
Spare pillar and bolt LK3293 LK5939
4 × 4 baseboard with battery
Battery contact LK3288 holders
Battery clip LK8615
Adjustable DC supply
Power supplies
This is a plug top power supply ideal for powering the vast majority of
Locktronics projects.
The output voltage can be set using a small recessed switch to any of the
following voltages:
3 V, 4.5 V, 6 V, 7.5 V, 9 V, 13.5 V
Maximum current output is 1.5 A - enough for any of our curriculum pro-
jects, but low enough to be safe in the classroom. It is fully protected
against short circuits and overloading.
DC output is on a 1 metre lead, supplied with a range of interchangeable
plugs - including the 2.1mm coaxial power plug used by our power source
Locktronics carriers. Adjustable DC supply
The versatile switched mode design, and interchangeable mains connec-
tors mean that it is truly international - suitable for use at any mains volt-
age from 100 V to 240 V, and from 50 Hz to 60 Hz.
Part No.
AC power supply
Adjustable DC supply HP5328
Where an AC source is needed, for example, when teaching rectification,
this plug top 12 V, 1 A supply is ideal. All of the principles of AC electric- AC power supply, UK HP3728
ity can be taught without any chance of coming into contact with the
AC power supply, Euro HP4429
mains supply. Available to suit three different mains standards.
AC power supply, USA HP4688
Triple rail ±12V power supply
This is a more specialised supply, used for our Engineering Panels, Elec- Triple rail ±12V supply HP8405
tronic Workstation and Protostation. There are three voltage outputs: IEC main lead, UK HP3701
+12 V at 2 A, +5 V at5 A, -12 V at 800 mA
The input will accept any mains voltage from 90 V to 250 V at between 50 IEC mains lead, Europe HP3702
Hz and 60 Hz. We can supply IEC mains cables suitable for using this sup- IEC mains lead, USA HP3703
ply in a range of territories.

Page 32 Locktronics technical guide - non-carrier components
Non-carrier components
MES bulbs Part no. Type Voltage Current
We stock a wide variety of both traditional incandescent bulbs, and LED LK2341 Incandescent 2.5 V 200 mA
bulbs, to fit the MES sockets on our lampholder carriers. LK2347 Incandescent 6.0 V 40 mA
LED bulbs are becoming increasingly common, especially in automotive
applications, due to their long life, low running temperature and high effi- LK2350 Incandescent 6.5 V 300 mA
ciency. Like all LEDs, they must be connected with the correct polarity - LK2363 Incandescent 14 V 60 mA
so we have designed a carrier specifically for this purpose with the polar-
ity clearly marked. Series resistors are not needed with these LEDs as LK6749 LED, Red 12 V 20 mA
they are incorporated into the body of the bulb. LK6822 LED, Yellow 12 V 20 mA
The table to the right shows data for the complete range of MES bulbs.
See page 12 for suitable lampholder carriers. LK6841 LED, White 12 V 20 mA
Current probe
Taking current measurements using a multimeter can sometimes be rather
awkward - the ammeter needs connecting in series, requiring a break to
be made in the circuit.
The Locktronics current probe makes this much more easy: a thin blade
coated each side in copper simply slips between any carrier contact and
baseboard pillar, through the small notch at the root of each carrier 'leg'.
A pair of leads teminated in 4mm plugs then allow a multimeter (or one of
our moving coil meters) to be connected across the gap created in the
circuit.
An insulated handle ensures that there is no need to touch the live con-
tacts on the baseboard or carrier.
Part number LK5100

The locktronics current probe
inserted between pillar and carrier
Earphone/microphone
A telephone style moving armature transducer that will function equally
well as either a microphone or an earpiece.
Complete with 40cm flying leads terminated with 4mm 'banana' plugs.
Part number LK5270

Impedance 2400 Ω (1 kHz)
DC resistance 280 Ω
Frequency response 200 Hz to 1000 Hz (-3 dB)
Power max. (earphone) 200 mW
Sensitivity (earphone) 120 dB SPL / mW
Typical output (microphone) 0.5 mV (speech at 2.5 cm)

Magnetism and inductors

Induction coil and ferrite
The induction coil is a 400 turn coil of enamelled copper wire wound
onto a small toroidial plastic former, with the free ends stripped of insula-
tion ready for attaching to crocodile clips or terminal pins.
A ferrite rod is available seperately that can be inserted through the coil
to show the increase in inductance, or to couple two coils together to
demonstrate mutual inductance.
Inductance coil
Part number LK5299
Outer diameter 21 mm
Hole diameter 11 mm
Inductance without core 2.4 mH
Inductance with ferrite core 12 mH Inductance coil and ferrite
Ferrite rod
Part number LK3290
Length 50 mm
Diameter 9 mm
See our Ferrite rod carrier on pg.8 if you need a more permanent mount-
ing for the coil and ferrite.
Bar magnet
A small ferrite block magnet suitable for use with our reed switches (see
pg.10) and Hall effect sensor (pg. 16).
North and south poles are clearly marked.
Bar magnet
Part number LK0123
Dimensions 40 mm × 8 mm × 8 mm
Small compass
A small plotting compass that can be used to show the orientation of the
magnetic field when demonstrating magnets and electromagnetism.
Part number LK0124

Dimensions Ø15 mm × 5 mm Small compass
Terminal post
This provides a convenient way to attach loose components or bare lead-
out wires to your locktronics system. At one end is a threaded screw
terminal, and at the other, a 4mm 'banana' connector.
Terminal post
Part number LK5295
Leads
We offer a complete range of leads, in a variety of colours, lengths and
connector types. All are rated to at least 3 A at 50 V.
Please see our website or catalogue for a complete listing.

Laws of electromagnetism apparatus

Lenz's Law
Used to demonstrate the rule that a moving magnet induces a current in a
conductor that always opposes its motion.
This consists of a copper tube and two metal cylinders. When you drop Lenz's law apparatus
the cylinders through the tube, one moves much more slowly than the
other - because, although it looks identical, it is actually a powerful neo-
dymium magnet.
A perpex window in the copper tube means that the motion of the cylin-
ders can always be seen clearly.
Removable plastic end caps ensure that you won't lose the cylinders when
the apparatus is not in use.
Part number LK7487

Dimensions Ø18 mm × 330 mm
Faraday's Law
An apparatus for demonstrating the current induced in a conductor by a
moving magnetic field.
Consists of a clear perspex tube containing a powerful neodymium rod
magnet. Wound around the centre of the tube is a 400 turn coil termi-
nated with 4mm binding posts.
When the tube is turned over, the magnet drops through the coil, and a Faraday's law apparatus
current can be measured on an oscilloscope or ammeter as it passes
through the coil.
The magnet is sealed inside the apparatus, and the coil is bonded to the
surface of the tube - so the parts cannot become seperated and lost.
Part number LK7489

Dimensions 400 mm × 60 mm × 40 mm
Fleming's left hand motor rule

This is used to demonstrate that a conductor carrying a current has a
force exerted upon it when placed in a magnetic field; and that the direc-
tion of that force can be predicted from the direction of the current and
magnetic field.
It consists of two metal 'bus bars' stretched across a large locktronics
carrier. A plastic yoke holds two magnets above and below the carrier to
provide the magnetic field. A small length of metal rod placed on the bus
bars will jump off the carrier as soon as a current is applied to it via the Fleming's left hand rule apparatus
bus bars.
Part number LK6482

Page 35 Locktronics technical guide - instruments
Instruments
Multimeter
This is a 3½ digit digital multimeter, complete with test probes, PP3 bat-
tery and holster.
As well as 32 different measurement ranges, there is a continuity buzzer
and a semiconductor testing socket.
The holster enables the meter to be wall mounted or placed at a con-
vernient angle on a desktop.
Part number LK1110

DC voltage ranges 200mV, 2V, 20V, 200V, 1000V
AC voltage ranges 200mV, 2V, 20V, 200V, 700V
DC current ranges 20µA, 200µA, 2mA, 20mA, 200mA, 2A, 10A
AC current ranges 20µA, 200µA, 2mA, 20mA, 200mA, 2A, 10A
Resistance 200Ω, 2kΩ, 20kΩ, 200kΩ, 2MΩ, 20MΩ, 200MΩ
Semiconductors Diode, transistor NPN, transistor PNP
Continuity Buzzes at < 50Ω
3MHz signal generator

A desktop function generator with 4 digit LCD frequency display and out-
puts on standard BNC connectors.
Part number LK8990

Waveforms Sine, triangle, square (variable PW, symmetry)
Frequency range 0.03 Hz to 3 MHz
Output 2 mV to 20 V peak to peak
Impedance 50 Ω or 600 Ω
PC based oscilloscopes
We have a choice of two USB oscilloscopes. Signals are connected via
standard BNC sockets, and passed to your PC via the USB connection.
Signals are then displayed on your PC monitor using the included Pico-
Scope* software.
This has many advantages over a traditional CRT oscilloscope, including
the ability to store multiple readings to your hard drive, spectrum analyser
display, frequency and timing analysis, and a far smaller footprint on your
lab bench.
Pico 2203 Pico 4000

Bandwidth DC to 5 MHz DC to 20 MHz
Sampling rate max. 40 MS/s 80 MS/s
Buffer memory 8 kS 32 MS
Resolution (standard) 8 bit 12 bit
Resolution (enhanced) 12 bit 16 bit
Channels 2 2
Input impedance 1 MΩ 1 MΩ
Signal generator Custom waves n/a
Input range 20 V pk-pk 100 V pk-pk
PicoScope is a registered trademark of Pico Technology Ltd.

Page 36 Locktronics technical guide - MIAC
MIAC
This is one of our MIAC programmable industrial controllers adapted to Main features
make it easier to use with the Locktronics range.
• 8 inputs suitable for analogue or digi-
The controller 'brain' is based around a PICmicro microcontroller which tal signals
can be connected to a PC via USB and programmed to perform a limitless • Four relays
variety of functions. We also have available software for programming the • Four high current motor outputs, 2
MIAC, and a suite of ready-made programs suitable for use with our cur- with with programmable PWM.
riculum worksheets • CAN bus with switchable termina-
tion.
There are inputs and outputs for sensing and controlling both digital and • Multiple power outputs
anaogue signals, including high current transistor outputs and relays for • LCD screen
directly connecting motors and actuators. • Keypad with cursor keys and function
buttons.
An LCD screen and a set of rubberised control buttons allow the user to • LED indicators for all inputs and out-
interact with the programs as they run. puts
• Protected from shorts circuits, over-
CAN bus connections allow the simulation of the interfacing between
loading, reverse polarities
modern automotive and industrial control and sensing modules.
• Program memory: 12000 instructions
The whole unit is fitted into into a sturdy ABS plastic case, and all of the • RAM: 2k bytes
inputs and outputs are brought out to the top panel on shrouded 4mm • USB programmable using Flowcode,
'banana sockets'. C++ or assembly
• LabView and Visual Basic compatabil-
A more detailed description of the MIAC, alonng with programming soft- ity
ware and demonstration programs, can be found on our website at • Sturdy ABS casing with shrouded
www.matrixmultimedia.com. 4mm sockets
Part number MI0245

Page 37 Locktronics technical guide - engineering panel
Engineering panel
Like the MIAC unit described on the previous page, this unit integrates a Main features
programmable inductrial controller with the locktronics system.
• 8 inputs suitable for analogue or digi-
In this case, the unit is designed around a strong aluminium frame, sup- tal signals
porting the MIAC 'brain'; 4mm connectors for inputs, outputs and power; • Four relays
and two interlocking locktronics baseboards for a total grid of ten by • Four high current motor outputs, 2
seven pillars. A triple rail power supply provides -12V, +5V and +12V with with programmable PWM.
sources as up to 5A (+5V). • CAN bus with switchable termina-
tion.
This product will be appreciated by organisations teaching electronics for • Multiple power outputs
automotive and industrial applications, where complex circuit configura- • LCD screen
tions may be required. The MIAC unit, with its CAN bus connection, is • Keypad with cursor keys and function
able to simulate the complex interaction of components used in modern buttons.
vehicle systems and process automation. • LED indicators for all inputs and out-
puts.
For a full specification we have a .pdf data sheet, and application examples,
• Protected from shorts circuits, over-
available from our website at www.matrixmultimedia.com
loading, reverse polarities.
• Program memory: 12000 instructions
Part number HP2673
• RAM: 2k bytes
• USB programmable using Flowcode,
C++ or assembly
• LabView and Visual Basic compatabil-
ity.

Further information
More detailed descriptions of many of these products can be found on our website - along with details of our other prod-
uct lines, software downloads, access to technical support, and our range of freely downloadable teaching resources.
Alternatively you can contact us at the address below with your enquiries Our sales staff will be happy to provde a free,
no obligation quotation should you be considering ordering from us.
Contact details
Matrix Multimedia Ltd.
The Factory
Emscote Street South
Halifax
West Yorkshire
HX1 3AN
UK
Telephone: 01422 252380

Fax: 01422 252381
Web: www.matrixmultimedia.co.uk
Email: sales@matrixmultimedia.co.uk
The specifications in this document are intended only as a guide to typical characteristics.
In order to give you the best possible products at the lowest prices, we continually revise the components we use; and so we
reserve the right to change the specification of any of these products at any time without prior notice.
These products are intended primarily for educational use and should not be relied upon for crititcal applications.
We will be happy to advise you if you are uncertain as to the suitability of any of these products for your particular requirements.
Copyright © Matrix Multimedia Ltd. 2011

All rights reserved
Locktronics, MIAC, and FlowCode are trademarks of Matrix Multimedia Ltd.
PICmicro and PIC are registered trademarks of Mircrochip Technology Inc.

Visual Basic is aregistered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation
PicoScope is a trademark of Pico Technologies Ltd.
LabView is a registered trademark of National Instruments Corporation

Page 39

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Page 1

©Matrix Multimedia Ltd. 2010. All rights reserved. LK4099-60-01 21/02/2011.

©Matrix Multimedia Ltd. 2010. All rights reserved. LK4099-60-01 21/02/2011.

The plastic component carriers

The electronic components are usually visible on the underside of

©Matrix Multimedia Ltd. 2010. All rights reserved. LK4099-60-01 21/02/2011.

The following table indicates the electrical ratings of our potentiometer

©Matrix Multimedia Ltd. 2010. All rights reserved. LK4099-60-01 21/02/2011.

Part No. Resistance Power rating Tolerance

LK6630 10KΩ 0.5W ±20%

©Matrix Multimedia Ltd. 2010. All rights reserved. LK4099-60-01 21/02/2011.

Capacitance Type Max. volts Tolerance Small electrolytic capacitor carrier

©Matrix Multimedia Ltd. 2010. All rights reserved. LK4099-60-01 21/02/2011.

The following table indicates the electrical specifications of our choke

Part No. Inductance Tolerance DC Max.DC Self-resonant

Transformer - 2:1 turns ratio

Specifications taken at 1kHz into a 600Ω output load.

Part number LK4123

Impedance DC Resistance Inductance

2:1 Transformer with retractable fer-

Part No. LK7483 2:1 transformer carrier with re-

©Matrix Multimedia Ltd. 2010. All rights reserved. LK4099-60-01 21/02/2011.

Ferrite rod carrier

Part number LK4021

Ferrite rod carrier

©Matrix Multimedia Ltd. 2010. All rights reserved. LK4099-60-01 21/02/2011.

LK6207 Momentary press switch On/off switch carrier

LK6209 On/off switch

LK6208 Changeover switch

LK6633 On/off toggle switch

LK6224 Changeover toggle switch

LK6632 Reversing switch

Reversing switch carrier

©Matrix Multimedia Ltd. 2010. All rights reserved. LK4099-60-01 21/02/2011.

Part number LK6634

©Matrix Multimedia Ltd. 2010. All rights reserved. LK4099-60-01 21/02/2011.

Note that, in order to allow flexibility in baseboard placement, these

Part number (normally open) LK5405

©Matrix Multimedia Ltd. 2010. All rights reserved. LK4099-60-01 21/02/2011.

Part number - standard lamp holder LK5291

5V LED 12V LED

Part number LK7746

©Matrix Multimedia Ltd. 2010. All rights reserved. LK4099-60-01 21/02/2011.

Motors and generators

Voltage min/max 3.0 - 12 V 3.0 - 9.0 V 0.75 - 3.0 V

Step Angle 7.5° Step A B C D

Nominal voltage 12V 1 -ve +ve +ve -ve

Hand cranked generator

Part number LK4893 Hand cranked generator carrier

©Matrix Multimedia Ltd. 2010. All rights reserved. LK4099-60-01 21/02/2011.

Part number LK6838

Note that, in order to allow flexibility in baseboard placement, this carrier

Part number LK8932

©Matrix Multimedia Ltd. 2010. All rights reserved. LK4099-60-01 21/02/2011.

Moving coil meters

Part Number Type Range Resistance

Ammeter carrier, 0 to 100 mA

©Matrix Multimedia Ltd. 2010. All rights reserved. LK4099-60-01 21/02/2011.

The following table indicates the electrical ratings of the thermistors.

Thermistor and moisture sensor PCB

Part number LK8988

Hall effect switch

©Matrix Multimedia Ltd. 2010. All rights reserved. LK4099-60-01 21/02/2011.