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N£W YORK UNIVERSITY

^UfifjjOiJ INSTITUTE- HBRftS*

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»EW YOmc UNIVERSITY

!i^.H. lAi'eie &(id si. Staiaos* COURANT INSTITUTE- UBRARY

1= InntodK'''-

2. e<3iiats.CBis

3, .-

5.

Abafcrff.et

'fi'-'CHiS'^

of liaf A . /:

dependent sagr^

''' „ u , ,
v.^ i;h»
elect roa eurr?"~ '
. ,
' bit <%l:.^^...:.:v.. -^.^ iHfil

equations red.

time-d* '} I-

II.., _ _ 1

which &; Wniaa>.£ji;lC

case both argfe . In the

slz^ler '-. ._, . .

-Mcj is large.

Both esses '. Th« veakly

anisotropic c&se esult of f;hia

analysis is a forrauic. ^ :i rate of rots _..,._. . .. ,.i- electric vector

about, a curved rey in r The formula reduces to

ehat of the well-kr; -cial case of a plane

wave propagating In '^

 ,

I <. laSr'Msi^tioa
t* Kv.vnn
MIiM*-*?- 1 • Ukl 'ajtutirart.'.

ftinysgi^etle ss^^-^s^iisis ,, serf fes lars« ^.iusss of

-s> laiti^l Off J^O'y.od&i'j^ faisia

. -,.„ :^ spplis#,bla ii? j?Sii>feisss3 far ^ilch so s««c'';

^f
iiSVi-: st only the aaT-a|tr.ot;i£ ©Sfpaosioa of tb __.___i

'" '
•-'"-I is p?,-&c£icsl 4?i?lic.stiOGs.
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'
"'
Aa

Di' -usjspsetic sathcfds is elxasr^stei

'
ESy©' , y. :

. _ _ _ _.. __ _. _ „ ;^ : „ , — .J
ii

;afildaijibia ^

.'>i:i^
th9

* « "1 rf> K-.. ^ .

cion of e

...itic wave

the

for the «lec-': she electron eurt-ecc J

 —

this QfBtf^M ^sdosaa Ea fehe jietisil equsSisa® e* the «-sgui>£-->i,t,£.i^ •. uc^r^ il»-'o

Tb.«refccr« »© rsi-,. .-. -. ..icaeii^as f"& MiM-t aa4 ^ e® "tlsi«5"«5.«p*;4iii«:;ia'4.

:l6 a^tsmtibas" ^ Thay ees&ala & l-arg* j^rei^iCsSesTg X^ she aTarag*^

fseQ«€&5y« which sat*'*-? - •^^.x^sjsff-i'm TStaras-ssstsir*, Aa »sfaalv&i«at

iha p'i'ocisgai fc^i « is i;lv& 'scycig'i &f lights. Is isesKisf. :? '^^'S dlgsiugtiiifih «p5

::\ieh cari- ba treated i>y tfe«i gssj-ssai a-sfchod di«sy-ffH«?xs is

s-icslc^ 3, Xa i:h.s '-''..^irx--- =- •••''--

-i^'- q^^^ l*:^th j:«iir g,yi.-> j. si --,>- i*^; gM

menc of £ho method, daiyeiapad ia [4] (sc^^ |.6] for £he a- iiilatS an ot

Iliis case Is iaportsat ve *,ppiia1^i;l&a esjas-'

— ^ .. ,,
^r.s-Sfi &•; ••>£ i^-Hli58 Tb.B

©ijfia.s-

,,.j . ,. .,Ti

iitios

"atandiiig .ch the lf"cal

sarc o
liiil'irecftiiiSB; ol gjs« field v-&.ctQ!?£>, .Jiw fii"^ ^Stss i;'ft«f &r<S! $>S!trpe53ctisa8JUs.y t&

the jr§f h'^t rcitst* about it. s-j^a deyts'^ aJi scii'^Xi.i.j'.it fa^rmila jror thn ti%?.ts

theory of ^&Attem 3. f^j^^Jh'Ss- aaalyai® af tale C!^>.ft c«qula*«4^ tl'as sr;t^v &i

febfi 'iisjie.rslosi ralatio© tiad Kiss Bul-T '^@ei;os® ef Sfe4- "dl&p«raloa aautlu'',

Tii® difiiculcias tlust »-glu& hare ar* atliebrsilo fesys •assesatiaiiy th« fcsas*

aa r-haoe ti Vivs iv;. £h«i u^wal ,*i.ftf£i.ftts)'"tei2i.si ehosst^f'e isffeerit tb«y hav* l-;i&»i

------
staa4,*,r-' - v-,©: ajv^Xi^ to eus &s^#si-'?S«?,lG elt^t^/g b^fc i»® 'his- <? «?;g-k
 . ^

- ^ '"

V' CsE) '^ p» (4)

H«i?e E asd Jl ».^ --.^jictric ^ .gaaslc .,^- Yacr-'drs sad c and y

trie conate-at ar 'llty <jf ftfefi sp&<i«. It

foXlows irsrasdiar-feiy frosa (2) 3:bat r^^ Cul) "^

^^i h^Eiss («•) ia &utoiciflt:ie?i3,r/

e;3'-'
"^' -
' id if it i?- •
^..ii^ fiisWs sa^ -- .^. .^<.-^.. •,-/ .i..- -*

irtterpreted a© a •

che iaifcial dr«ta of as if.

for • ' • «H- troraag^.etic )cic?.Id, lie sb&ll vi-?;» {4) ss a far. ^he

-•.--.•.,.-
ch&r.r;^ p^ Thsrij, except for Kne iaieial data coadision (3) v- -^"ti

oaly ar (1) svid (2),

:: describe nX '-^^ ^'^< '

. _ ., sha currsp/c density ^?

., (5)

;ere ^., (t ,^,

«-'
(V'e r : tha '

heavy loas.)

nw.s

_J_ « eN^^, (6)

,, H iff . . ..ib^iir (5®&«;tty of electrons, and

"---•:' -eloeityo •^:' -" v equation of

^ i® tlns.it ''•' thftt SiA-.^.;,-. ..7-., ^.w,...
fU;ld. Wfi «i@guteg that |!||<<LK \ «a.d wa b£T« •aegj.iies^-'d th« cwis^.Tib'iStiozi

:>.,
.'I
iG c,,,.... ..-.ot^'if-'J feres,. i,e« to ?:J?;® hxAcU:&ts.d *,uti& ia C?). Tp^e secgi;^.

rhe collisrioa
TT-Mi^niip III im -—Jill iiiiMi
£?:«:si53ncy.
! m m ntM^iimmt'im^n Tlnis (6) aal {?> yiifcid
*^
I
i
^

yj. (8)
J J.
•'
-

stid the ::j;^ .

- ,_
•
ty -f
dafi.aed by

Itien

•ejj

whrt-'p. i' is a ys.l- -.;r. .

Tb..,.- ^..j ., (2) ssEsd (S) became

u5j. + Vxg -0, (13>

These .partial dific'srentisl eqsiations for E^^j sad jj will be called the

tlme-'depestc&nt: sjs.gmto-lontc equatiooa.bsc- -

- the^' reduce to the xisusl

equatioas of £h« !Sits.g3setO"- ionic, sheory • speeial c.sae of a Eitne"»li6naonl<;

wave. lu crdssr s© ®e« this ly^-s asstisa that .gj^j, ^ ss^d J., are fuaeeioas ^^ ^
with fies-gycto" « '"*'"^%
T^-ien _^3__
^'•^'^fe S'^s C?3-H: v?^;;;..r,:-

M « I ^ % **
~,J.«
;:
{
1

I "' ~.V ;
-— T;^

ai?4

'' *^ •> \.

New (17) :f,lelil3i

i^.

heAce ..; "* cK vht'r®

which are the usual equaf.io^s .of the amgfiecfj-ioclc theory [Ij?.], It is

iRtart'*"-' •-• '-• :" •^':* tat»t ^h'sraas (21) iavc-Ive^ the relat.it"a.;y 3iii'j--l.e

siRCfls Rj In order to eliai'^ist® ,i

va mnst introduce the snich tnc-x« ccsapiicsted
 «u / *t>

"if^ v5H !*^:r V ^ <-^ C-: *,-,

f^
(V T .-».,-; ^-

5®feir:^'i? «!st!j?-,4ici'iis > - '^m"

m ^i

M& 8.1.
 \:%

," ia-4i:?i;s- *.'•;? i?' ^-^' :i^:»d VA' {'i5)

,^«' a;;?^? :^'i :;:';;

f fr :iiM

:s,si tiie 3 » din;'':^!S';lo'u^.=- n-.:Xy,0a vscrsfH

\ X,

u \ H ^^
i

i -f

rb'.h'r8 ;.'" is «asiiy seeu thA" {iiS) b^cotattf?

- '
' * 2 •' \s.ii

hivca (''3) Is aatl-symRsitriCj i/e ??ae iro« (30> 'ithae: «^e Jiiat-r.lce,' A" arc

,37i.vj;fct::'ic ssd frows <3i) r.bj?.t A" ^-i'. yvoaiaiv® de?tRlt.«>.. It foiXoim thct cuxf

fiyec-iK.
t-iit (33) b»ioaf?s to the irtpor:^i«TJt' cLsks of e^tssetric hyr'^f^r ".•;; oarl:t.?l

13]
4iJ;Isrj&a;iJ^-j5Sii3li£a

X.{- (33) the freqoerjcy p.:;i'a?>i*s:si'Ji' ^y i'^ «5^«^ f-^"^- ^i*'iJi-C vtictor i.

aav be functicns of x-. It its coa%-«nifer^t to is-xfcro^uce % corstar'J: charg -'_t gt;.~-

Jre<i>r.e.v:c7 *, arid then aet

f
i (;.
 . A - .

t f\ —
ft*. I. \;

fe'-f. cssiuoc ttfeaS'- th« (diastpt:_ _: _., .._. ^^tsancssy w afi a large parssp.e? *.'i" ..

,
y '•i \

whet* A^s A^». . . ,A^ ,3,C are ^sootl* •-^- -^acsl?:: fim£Ci<iE>s ©? t s.nd

A ie a large poeit. . .ter, Eere «a pxa^eas, a b>tief bu*: aeii'-ceotaii, >'•'.'?

suranary of tba aathod of 13,6] for the ©pecis.1 case of an aj^|?£.!:0L'lj5£lil

cots^sarya?, .;3.on cf the. forss Cl}

-:-rfflecrl'.
JiSME

for which A*^ Is ?>08ltiv3 definite, A '»..,>, W ic aatti"

Kesisixla.&. T^sess cssditlooe ere &11 s^tlgfied by tha eysteiss Itir:v:o4«,-:ed

in escslon 2, -
—

s/fiich is to ^.- --•.

*-).' of (i. ,.-,-.,.•,
l~o-, The fiiae^'tioa s is c.i\}.'.' ^^ th«

function atid c;ie t rs eall«d ampj-ityt^^— S-^-- ;

;roduce the psrtiai dai

oi « - 26/3t J
I,.*., a) (3)
V

arid the dispersioR f.atrlK

^ '.. >
 ,)f each ^iXriret of >>. wa obt,c-'.r? the vncdtsti"^ a--^-^- -
"•
'i<iv i '•
! ;• ;

'
'c'^i „ Tk ' -jjivi 1 . . >'-- a.f\

ajid

2;Jb •" ^* •
'^>

K'sn-'triviai solistlo&s are ob^Mn-isfl -riuh-' Sf -• *.«':

siogclivr ;.>>>.: i!;

is satisfied. Let

«"«h(t,x,^) (8)

be a root of l7) of multiplicity q. This sie^&ns t'hs.t for w^^-h there «;'i.sf-:

^. linearly^ iiidepetideriS auli vector*^ _r^.sach thi-

Ci. ^ V. . d ««i,, - .
sQ . {9}

Sinc-ij for eeal fc. the snstrjs / 1^ .-. -12 its Kii-^itia;?. ^ arict A is poisiti'v^
V'-X
dafiaite, there exist vc.^J rcGts -""V;; j. vhi auj?. o£ theii' Kuitiplieiti;-.B q

ie. ftqusl to Mv £'-J the c'-rnbir. ;?-'•

gat c,f a inill yssct.srsj i' '^"'^'^sly i-cdeper>cen£<

IK'

Tas'. vectors .rncan ba so chosea

-.^ -^
ch-ss.

Equation (S) , aottfiidej-ad as & first order pastial differential

'.on fc: ' '

[s^e (3)i c^r. be aolvsd by the n-j»;hcd o£ chJ^rsc^f'tirt'cs

[3j. If we ir.Kroduee ';h8 group velocity vector^ wich coaponents

g «Sh/3k 5 v^'l,..,, n „ (11)

k
If a ana J^ere coluiia vectors th« iapsr product (a,il) is defined by

(Sjij) « 2 '^j ^J -•
'^"^^ star denotes tVis complcjc conjvjgaca, F«r JRaf:rlcep

it denotas cbe Hermitisn conjugate.

 , . .

,. . . . , , u \.A^,

jU-!:
^XOfcl&iii; ii C-

llXf-iL *

'ill.' - -in

•* ? 'jw

,: *. iji.C 7.<Si Sfli* JLsa.£ >, -.iK -,,:? ^^ '-5;- v <r -'.f

\>- " -I ,
. . u , r:

u?ied an4 (11), Th«" i;if f ex&nti.v:!.;/ (9'' y: £id:-i

($) ^'f

^.»-..*v ....

r 1-
'i< i..£S:T'Jl tlSil .;t .;v

;l':..> x\d (iO) v.ield t'lf fund-.r,;.%i*C5-i i^isntlty

« Svi .
:i7 5

^;c uo':.;'i /-cffl {lO; t'iu*r (17) hoida !;oT v>^0 ^1 , . . „ ,ri pr^^/ided ve d rt r-. ti

Z..^i- .

rem (t > wrt ''fie th^!; ^^-? is Ivj the auli jpace of G, heace has

A ej;i:ai;isi;;n of Lhe fcrm

j£ '^i^ ««v ;:«0 in (3J ws uisy ins^sr:^ (.19) for s ,. If we chen tak^ the inrer

produ;-.! of the xcsalcinff equstloa vishjr^j, CK* ;.*fc yi--^ va<ii-iae!j eiiu the

ff

SoR-etiT^r-ii thii: r.ariu '

ray '
la 5»,1« o ueea Kor the projections' v^F these c-jrves
x.n;:o X- 00 ace .
 L.3J

/»,H^: i

'

Jr,,,i^^^j^'
V- '\

Ori;Vv •,}') ' 'SS '-: '-'-

)

y-:.)

'.,•...• C..J lOKes

. -£»
d F'^
.:- V
'-
— ''

•
'
"'
-^
-
^
^-
"' ''
'
^-

^^'
»
"

..•:.>,: .1, ..near ar.J.i:iarv r.-lf itvaut isi squati.crj.s <; cranspori'. ^quaiions) i.;?4'i

richer orfisr 3:-pT)\:.eud<? caeff icieats a^ (j^l) arc o;?i:ern-!lcC'; by isxsdliS

Xr^ order tc .'3vv:^.;.-ss methods, uf sc-lving Lhi^ ^ o =-, c e.rrv o-.. traixspcr*'.

.
ru^ions (?'^) we njusc; fir^:!": ititroduce th^ ''t^v ;:r' s^'oraaClo;^ '
In atiy

't:v n^'oblfer' ve will ha'i's an n-p,ur*^T3,«:t'? .- £;:'': ly :;

.':
anluf:i.c.-:;
 ;

" ""' ' -•''-- •

*. -•
'J,- '
a'

cha .;. - parsjcetsra.. For each t che r ^y J:jgans j^c^nr^a ;; Igi; ^^"Sii'^BY) <ie?-in-.s8 «

Efeyplng fi'coa y^space Co ^i'spacs vir.h jaco'viaa

Here we oduced tb.: f th® d^i-.^TCsiisuiftt by cc tacr.crs of

rh
the i ro%r. Since a d€ter£:.in&Bt var.-.i3b.es whsa 'r.j?o !f«r«sB are ?;.r.? sa^-sft^ w«?.

have th® idantttj.

n s
rfs.

By differenstiatir.s (25) and wsin^ (26) a^d (1?.) we sfct«.in

.__»-t™ « ~ ~.™(~.^^ .--- ggf ~-»x

T Yr
•*
d£
'^
T
1
'
'.-
— -IL.at
cor -rrr^
~'
j y-—
)
; 3„ wC • 'H,, 3Y,,
.

a, -^"3 /'^^l-- T™ Sri j. • /•.^7^

i i X— i J. r

This identity which '

Hb jacohifiti oi: the ray trans format ion aad

the divergence of the group valocity vector will i-iortiy.

We -
y eond : he coefficient

matrices of (i)

* n_
Ilo.(C -^ C )r 1 - }L„{z«,a\ r ). - r,6 0,a-i,...,q. (23)

The cond it :?.:' ^::r.es thst the q«q asai-ris t-Jhoss' entries are given by the left

side of (:'«> red- :sr. In* Is trivially satisfied if

q^i. For th« taagaeto-ionie eqiiBtions of sectior: 2, the ms trices A are

constant hence (28) reduces to aconditicr. c- -'-

: csatrix C, which we shall

, Now from (22), (17), (27) and C obtain

 L
"^
y " J

Wh acjv inli'-^oducs ch'2 &2g£sg« saei'i;^- "ii^'-'i-^i^^;*"

'd&L<~ "i-i. Ix^tSTS. uf.ed (15) and (1G>.: Thv^ physical aJigtrtti-c^ncs c;: v -^'ili

be -i3.sci.:ae.M sihort.ly = Frsa (24}.; (29)., ai^i (30) jsfs s-:--:; thuC

and this equation is easily integrated to ylala

('

' (^ \

wCc; - v(t ) -i iiffii exp /- ri'^)4^'/ ,' (32)

a rav it,x(t.7) i in teiTtse of it& ^rjii-ue. st a fl^ftd oolrii: t^ on. the Sinme. -^By

Th?- deptAaeniS of fell quarif;,lclia iu (32j an the paramfiCers v which "isbel"'

The enargy df-jnsicj" Is an impurtaat scuttit invictloa thAt c'tiaiacter;'.»8»

Che. leading affiplitude coefficieat z c£ th-a &'.--/tiptot±c solyniC'n (2). In eor?5tf.

cases w^e can obtain ftirl'b^r inforsr^ticu about E^ by irtsgratiag the tr-i?.;\8poj :

ftqiiiCions (?/*>. Th;v. tsoat Inipcrtaut casea are rhcesa for vhich the miitipllcity

q is o'^e. or two.
 - 16

G /^ / r, ,- v

V--C? V

-iii tncroduce S^-^arg siwf' 'Sfft o^iffi ski? fii? ^ '^ 'Stin
V ^

a co! ,

litf-lT-i" kit - 0. (35)

The imagiaart' part of (35) yields d6/de ^ - Ik »„ aaa-se

ft
e(t)« 9(t ) - lis T<i:')dt'c 06)
o I

Stuce jo'- " 2f> , {?,2) yields & fonr.;If< f'r -

Io'Ie) L When this, 'orp-iula.

i,. TfiLdtiplied by &:ip /^eCt/^ ^ vita C;>) g-^'cn fe?- (3?>) » ths ?:!Si3ulr: la

cu; " ^(to)it77f^-! '^>i?|" !'[|^Ht'} vila t<t')1dc=^ . (37)

V/'iTOEi (28) wi2 ea'S that

''
A
Vl - lr,(C-K- )r]-i_(r,Ai;^r). -. (38)

Sicca ?,, « cr and a « (i:;A'"z„) , (37) jieids

'O J \'- }
] } ~ '

It q =^ 2 ii: is corjvenleat to %-rita (2^) ia ssotrijs i-ioca-cien. We

Incroduc'?. the. 2kS rctatrls T«={Tg ) and th's eolt^Eia snstrix a yith Mcirss oitC-j.

Then (24) l-ecoTEea

g •*-
I'a '^ (AO)

asvi (29) aacl (31) yield

 * 17

U9. n-.i«' est

). .'2

•n.fiQ (40) yisl«l3

d. -^^
F 1;
« 0, C43)

wners

p « T ~> ^ ,
(^*)

id it. fcill :,m (41) tli&t

p 4- > (4i>)

Tlien P Is aati : .

We tiow ase-u; :. ths eieTif^ata of the k. j? exe al.l real. Thus

we lEposa the condition

*
B,p. =- 1,2. (46)

Taen P is real ar;' ic, i>.e,

* !
(47)
i
J

It follows fj."t

(48)
P " *12 " "''^tl

•;• nr»v7 see

[coa 6(t) -sin 6(t)
u(t) A- .

\ -Ut) coa 6(t)J C'^^)

and PU frora (47) and (4&) ifc is e&. -^«e that

Tlien by coffiputiiss 6

the solution of (43) la

(50)
J(t) « U(t)j(tg)
 !

«.> 1 ., y

h _'-Z) « C i i t / •;

Ld:i Of '"*
(r: s, .<a: j:-;,

'«•?'. Ty -1.
j

" i
; ,ci i'

i* .M. "-• .'- -i© -*. >. 'f~vi

sr; •;:.'pllcin fci^muls for i^v:(t) in ciiT%<i o-: i<:(-:£;)^ Is (5j> i(tl ife j^i^t:-?,

.;' ;Hl} jfid (22)5 and f^'c) is 9:iVc:U by l'^). I?i (5:.) .A&a (S3) ta^;

.i«afcvii-ii.:.v£ of six cu^;;;:!* i:^3 -iVt thci |; ^d.; 'S^^^ye T i:3 s.'Jt fcsplicicc; iridic atSff.:

e5-.'::rgy <ieri3ii.y ?_, and Foyxiting vet:t:cr, v_ « (^ 1 > > » >>-,,,U For *<s.iy vti^i.

eciunio.i -t or. our hyperboiAC s^/scei;; (1). S,, «£id S ape .i^f^Dfti by

For ?;hc 'r.agnetoiciiic equaCiisvcie v;^ isg:j f>:offi (z,.??), (i;,A), fend '.ii,, 9) Chg".

t;^.
fiHv''", heace is foliowfi froa (2.j>i) aad i'2,32) tnsc

(55)
 ,

1<> ~

- - 1^ ^itw i-'orii.-.., ot.« ^•uS,.; ; ,>» usual e.i.ftctro-

=5mgne-ic energy deueifc?, .- '--^ ^^^5^ *^
*ad ths SiiS'-sT^c energy yrr -n.it
voluae a the el.«ctronij. For -.txr 1^, v« s.v-« Ir?*^ 11.30) that
_1
^^S » i l_^\^iU,A\) ^
iH^?,-
I

(57)
ic.«. 3 r .'ai electromagnetic >i::.-ag -•?«ctor.

$. by
1
(58)
ar.d fc soliition u-s.^ ^.xp (lAs)
-

we fiad that

Q 1
v'^'S "^<-" '-' "^^o^^ ^Q-'
•axs
[ (so,a'^So)J(59)

We note that: the iaat tvo ferm ccntslr. osclilatory f;-^ ..

if
we. svere«»e (59) -
snort
ahnvs' tiae
!--;••««. 1 *v -.
•" ^ * -^
,1^, the Is-.&t two te:
it K " I
" A :- "», 7>as tjio averiege vi. ..1; s^ is glve-a by

,.,..
-J
.
(60)

If A ia re*.'; : uctife to

<^>-|<i^.^\>» (61)

and we. se't frcns (30^ '--

\ o /. (62)
That ,i.8 vhy we have calljEd w thi av ;...__
.
•- ,.c ^ Lf . Furtherroc
see froa (19), (17), - . - •.

^g.,,
(63)

hence energy d.?r>.slty, average Fc; tor, and the group

belocity vsctor are relp,t.«d by the physically ajeaningjEul aquation

'
9, V 9E wr. C6/*^
 " 20 -

The equgfion-' dlsrusesd in Li.;tii.u 2 &::'.- <^x ths giuwriii i.jj.a

treatec. in section .ij therefore She the:. , .

.^ thex* a!--.; .
io t5w.ii5:

I'^ ' ."

to Cfiitaia mere «7S€ci£ic results it Is aecdss-sry to discuss the

null eig6uv®e£ar3 x* ^^ tb® astrix G «nd t'ho rocfcs ')^-'h(]§>5) af th«

•J

dispersion relaticii- This cti?i be don?; eaf.-^„. ^eakly eniao tropic

caee ip.troductai!. is section 2, and thsrsfors 5?e '^eet-rlct our at'iist?,;*.

CO thac esse.

Frota (2. 30), (2.31.

r /•
-(«)
^

J, I

(1)

If vj. .
iuce c.be : aioe-iilmeusioaal coluc- pocents

a&j P }" js>[J -J- i/ '-J (2)

If \7e inearf (3) into- 'l-, .-.-- --..: . .

'

u - ^2) ^ + c^ r. -
•' 3» 0... (5)

f foa which it follow? , that

Tb?.se eque

cf.se I: f^b^.jii'^O i caB-3 IX; w^-bj case HI? 6>«0. (7)

 ' :

Ws considej; f i.rf?f. r,h(5 se«at iw^cortant: €?».««

C'>se I; Prcipa gat ins^ '^^"^^g

Hcrte it follows f.^

CS)

^nd

.iif' ~ b- c^>

ilieri'ef .. '20te ij.'. ilfr^arsle® t^.

«« h(k,5) « -^ rc%.^ 4- b^ (10)

We shall .-'licit J 2. * ^':

choose re,-- adepetidect vfectosrs

and determint; _...._.-:^c., ,^ , , „ ,, .„ ; , Thea

we impose Che raorTaalix'.atloii cot' (^aiO)

2ePj_«^., « 6-j_j. Therefore T*e mi.v: •,r« jgi and j2

ara real unit vt-.. ...... ^. . ;:hogca&l and orthogonal to ^.

(11)

Wc introduce a unit vect; ^Qttov., Tbea the grouji

velocity vector la given by

•c^
Kfi3 "8"^. h"-k™ 1
— k, •> (12)

and (1.1) becomes

ib
^1 '^ S?^^ v'T^^^' (13)
•
^/fl 2

-£2 (14)
 .

Xs si?-2 *'''^'
- ^ ''^ff^i'^^^-- '-^-^ '' " i f '-^S-

(10) s eeah ault3.pl laity 2.

;.acScs^' -j.y sa^'iB.

fr©a (3,22) thai

/O

C + G*" j
(15)

\o vj

'aad it foiloK; I) aiid (14) that :±&n (3.28) is e:.

wifh n givea by

vb"
ti>
(16)

.ita^ftiffife ^^o TiT.'. ?.r^ie.R of

thiffl solution f Ok^m - -

.:airthe:i' ia s^ctien 5
--o

'^&t us filially nste tfeaS (3.14) fefecoftsa

(17)
St " -^-J
(li

and s can be found by integrating this equatioa along a ray. Ths

dispersion relation (9) for propagat'isig modes ic identical to the dlaxjeffslsn

relation for the equation et«dled in 17] o Therefore eolutiens confttruce«d

froia thesa modes will have aaay properties iu cosmoa with the solutiona

studied In [7], Iq particular .w& tsote that th© group speed

c% « (s/l"bV«a? "^ £»
\t^l a (IS)
&
 :

UR V:, >C,'.v«:

.l^a^-.

:.\'i'c'>'i j.t iflC*'- 'lX:i:'i''f:X&i.'iXf. i:^

i: C-- w ''^ <<• r;£ir. i-c

CiX

* n •= '^i

\ :::•':. O) ? hiiix Jj^U t

eaa ixo-& {2} th<r£ _t>.«=--iye.at., Thus X*=^^^s.*'*-
'
c ?.

S; j.'*' th« :a:i;-»;;^lt i;*ciiSj; sssditloa i'jvlQ? v.'' viae! 'Vu,t >?--, ~c':

^ 1
^i].
/ ie

"
;-:;.'?; :U jji.v;;n b;^ {22}, ,?irt;::s (21) is ixi>iip<?'"d£-u:; o£ .k. tha groi/fs :..-. I V

;t;or y is K«co, foif rals rsi&asiS, .and beeaose the E;e5;:.i;;et5.c fiwld ,:\: i'ifent

•?;!calJ-i" thsy cotr^epond to iM'5 oscialfc.':lon or the pi* •:.»* id^i?:ft •'•; J
 - 2i

-hv

»-! '> -1

Again tb& grctrp velocity Vw^ctor g is ;-i>:C

nv,: ^H^-* 1 -C,-( ;-a ^ cotiTespcftding to chs thres lia^arly

!
, i-<..i;e>>eadar)'; uvili

V-:. fi.T.ri taa.::

I-' va uow' impose the cocdition (3.10) ^e fiad tba-t

1,2 -1 /2 _ Ji.
'o-

;-i;.a tne Cw7 null vftcf.ors. Siiice lo^'O and ths electric i-'ield coiJ!pousn.t: <^f

t::asa veccors is Ksro we refer »;o these njode.s s,s scatic roagnacic modia.

Thu,s ve fir'/d that th-are are foi'-r propfegatlug tacdea, ci^-o scaridiMg

e'i sctric''!r'Odes , and zko mlmlnsihlz staclc ia£;.'i:ii'>.tic Rodss. if ue c-ounf ?;h€'.

i^.?4d^si£sibA,i: iaccs v;-?: hv^iva n.lna in al3,, ^-hich is t;he correct rjumbei- for O'.)-

aiae-dimerisionai ;iys(.:'iim. in fiiny giveri profcleit a-acb of the admissible monies

mny b& excited with eay given screngChv Tnla is deterfflined by the daca
 vE ?' * r, 1*
'^'".*l, ; C- fl

3 :-
•

.:.a7isicc':.. s;:;:ctpr2£utit:a Oi :..:.r :^3v.

'c i - '* ^T"

13) .
U-'i; i^o L^VUixn

:^-: a&cc voii-

:, cer^. i;i (.0 can i.'?; evaiu^t^a t" repjactng k ^ •:; v2,JG; b:

-';' .-btaln

El ^S). '^""^r^) " ^ i.«l''^'*(8gs> + g§2'^''S2

U^'^^ei ^ K.J' V xc:^ J

^M
 "

at \ ^ t ^ ., V) fej = ^. . « ( -j .T),:

:: : I w. 1 (;£;•; K'X&i.

i^liviS , j^n^.ti ^ •; + ,4-'/ '^ - ; , 'e s-se It?'?)!!; (i,}t (3)j ti iirrd : ^:
:hsf:

T:j; '-'.ci'.'-r j: :; .'.s '.,*na«r>s: to the r?:y.- end '•':;§.; ;':5_:j fot"!T ?.r.

„..«9JL_'.-::.~;i' "

^ut ,:! e ray. Trig means thai:. i:c^ thlz? cbo:'ae

'',.-1
itif inic.\oa cf tVie .insula*; vei'o;.:j.t''.' vactgr •"v'"'*-'''
"" «'•• "^*^--,
j

(C.DCS-;

'^i' "n!"^
" ^i' i^'
"'''v
*" "'
n*6i-'>2j °* •" i}"'-'';-, ** O'^ (5)

Lhias i'j'.il) f (7) end (9) vi^^-d

lit
'-"
<y "^ ''*' <ci^J •"
" '
are initially isai. T;ie,- 'i :-f=a £rom (3.2i'5 chs^t; thrv re)^'=<a ti^^X S^'J^kv^-

•1.5 real- ~'.i aow ^* ^f;;: g » (E .H -X } ^'^s ^lii^ w^vta (lt-,iJ2). '''. .13)^

clncc E -.s r&.ii acd £ '••a'""'' E.^ Wf? sss thaC xs^'d/'^- is.~j& as/jl;^, av.d ve >ni^;/

ii&y c?:t<;; the ai-ectilc ;?!.c'.l";i i.e ''llfiaarly p,oi3rX»sfi" ia thft dirscti'Hx

di^:^x:^i•::'^l b'' '11). Bl;': :^tov; ''3. 53) s?^?? aac nhat chl>? vireu;:;i5'.ii ro-;^teJ?

&'' ai
xelati;/3 tD the direccioti g] (^i?hlcb is fi^sd ici oux itlgld Da-dy ;:^fi

:ir'culnr speed givec by .:I0), It is ECst ;jli:^ic«lt vt> ehov that: "or ^"^

J.vif-.rritr. uQDOf?a€'j\i9 a'.efllu3E and. a plast? wavs prcpAEat iag p'ira.li.a.V co uba

.^xC'Smal magnetic iiieid, \10; reduces kg the ^jsuaI >\y;-x\'l^ i<r>c the well-

kriGvvi Faraday rcjtstior. ,. By usiog ou" foTTEuls (.lOj foir r'^^c

.i\r_2;iL?LrA5..S£i

?<irad.v,- rotattoa, and (3.2J2) we car* detertalas ths laa^i-ag srapiituac

ccei >'"i.c.i?-nt £
^.v*/-.
by iiT,".egrauiori .slong a ray.
 .

ir tlxi i&3t&sZ^)ie'Sv~s ^avft fs?em£©ac^p li i^ iia* issdi; ^-sc&ss^ (td^) which

'v„ is xeal^ If aoa jjig sat:: :x: ^' \& ,1 .:t ) ^« sss Sji-a ^3^S2)r, (4»i3>9

aagalar afis-sd -gi-visir. by •:,iO).^ Is 1® s-aS; ;£i££ic?i!l«: £© Kfe^^'a that f©r ea

e^aff i:;i«-^s % ?5y iafrsgiraSloB along s tay.

 - .

[1] Buddeu, K<.G, ga<?_ltf feves ir.L the X'5>a.'a^j?"i?»?.'fe.;. Ca.®-JsM.ga

arui JEa&e«?. (IS 64) .

14] Cranoff, B- ar.c LawiSt. R.M, , M-mi?CQtic sclistlosi of iaicial bouxidikrj

value problem?. .... ,-/p<*rbolie systems j ?hil> Txaa§.

Royriii Soc. Sep. 4. 2§£s S37, (i%7),

f£] Kaller,, J.B. Tb.e geowietricai theorj' af diffracfcica, J. Ops. Soc.

Aae}.-. 52 J life {i'36i: >

Mech. 4-aai. SOj ISl C196S).

[7] Lmnis^ g./M<, , Aejn^ptottc a,*£hc«ile for th&.Boln'c±ou of disparslve

hyperl?ol-i.c equ&Sie&^-t, ;
-'i£^£i[i£i££?~£l.

Sew Yorkj ^vi^i^y i^ju;?s '/

NOV 30 197.Q

DATE DUE

^tlNTEDlNU.S *
-
1 rmV'tm^^'^
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