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Max7400 Max7407 PDF
Max7400 Max7407 PDF
MAX7400/MAX7403/MAX7404/MAX7407
The MAX7400/MAX7403/MAX7404/MAX7407 8th-order, ♦ 8th-Order Lowpass Elliptic Filter
lowpass, elliptic, switched-capacitor filters (SCFs) oper- ♦ Low Noise and Distortion
ate from a single +5V (MAX7400/MAX7403) or +3V
-82dB THD + Noise (MAX7400)
(MAX7404/MAX7407) supply. These devices draw 2mA
of supply current and allow corner frequencies from ♦ Clock-Tunable Corner Frequency (1Hz to 10kHz)
1Hz to 10kHz, making them ideal for low-power anti- ♦ 100:1 Clock-to-Corner Ratio
aliasing and post-DAC filtering applications. They fea-
ture a shutdown mode that reduces the supply current ♦ Single-Supply Operation
to 0.2µA. +5V (MAX7400/MAX7403)
+3V (MAX7404/MAX7407)
Two clocking options are available: self-clocking
(through the use of an external capacitor) or external ♦ Low Power
clocking for tighter cutoff-frequency control. In addition, 2mA (Operating Mode)
an offset adjustment pin (OS) allows for the adjustment 0.2µA (Shutdown Mode)
of the DC output level. ♦ Available in 8-Pin SO and DIP Packages
The MAX7400/MAX7404 provide 82dB of stopband ♦ Low Output Offset: ±5mV
rejection and a sharp rolloff with a transition ratio of 1.5.
The MAX7403/MAX7407 provide a sharper rolloff with a
transition ratio of 1.2, while still delivering 60dB of stop- Ordering Information
band rejection. The fixed response of these devices
PART TEMP. RANGE PIN-PACKAGE
simplifies the design task to corner-frequency selection
by setting a clock frequency. The MAX7400/ MAX7400CSA 0°C to +70°C 8 SO
MAX7403/MAX7404/MAX7407 are available in 8-pin SO MAX7400CPA 0°C to +70°C 8 Plastic DIP
and DIP packages. MAX7400ESA -40°C to +85°C 8 SO
MAX7400EPA -40°C to +85°C 8 Plastic DIP
Applications Ordering Information continued at end of data sheet.
ADC Anti-Aliasing Speech Processing
Selector Guide
Post-DAC Filtering Air-Bag Electronics
OPERATING
CT2 Base Stations PART FILTER RESPONSE
VOLTAGE (V)
MAX7400 Elliptic (r = 1.5) +5
Typical Operating Circuit MAX7403 Elliptic (r = 1.2) +5
MAX7404 Elliptic (r = 1.5) +3
MAX7407 Elliptic (r = 1.2) +3
VSUPPLY
SO/DIP
For free samples & the latest literature: http://www.maxim-ic.com, or phone 1-800-998-8800.
For small orders, phone 1-800-835-8769.
8th-Order, Lowpass, Elliptic,
Switched-Capacitor Filters
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
MAX7400/MAX7403/MAX7404/MAX7407
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS—MAX7400/MAX7403
(VDD = +5V, filter output measured at OUT, 10kΩ || 50pF load to GND at OUT, SHDN = VDD, OS = COM, 0.1µF from COM to GND,
fCLK = 100kHz, TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at +25°C.)
2 _______________________________________________________________________________________
8th-Order, Lowpass, Elliptic,
Switched-Capacitor Filters
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS—MAX7400/MAX7403 (continued)
MAX7400/MAX7403/MAX7404/MAX7407
(VDD = +5V, filter output measured at OUT, 10kΩ || 50pF load to GND at OUT, SHDN = VDD, OS = COM, 0.1µF from COM to GND,
fCLK = 100kHz, TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.)
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS—MAX7404/MAX7407
(VDD = +3V, filter output measured at OUT, 10kΩ || 50pF load to GND at OUT, SHDN = VDD, OS = COM, 0.1µF from COM to GND,
fCLK = 100kHz, TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.)
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 3
8th-Order, Lowpass, Elliptic,
Switched-Capacitor Filters
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS—MAX7404/MAX7407 (continued)
MAX7400/MAX7403/MAX7404/MAX7407
(VDD = +3V, filter output measured at OUT, 10kΩ || 50pF load to GND at OUT, SHDN = VDD, OS = COM, 0.1µF from COM to GND,
fCLK = 100kHz, TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.)
4 _______________________________________________________________________________________
8th-Order, Lowpass, Elliptic,
Switched-Capacitor Filters
ELLIPTIC (r = 1.2) FILTER CHARACTERISTICS—MAX7403/MAX7407
MAX7400/MAX7403/MAX7404/MAX7407
(VDD = +5V for MAX7403, VDD = +3V for MAX7407; filter output measured at OUT; 10kΩ || 50pF load to GND at OUT; SHDN = VDD;
VCOM = VOS = VDD / 2; fCLK = 100kHz; TA = TMIN to TMAX; unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.)
MAX7400/03-02
0 0.20 -80
0.16 -160
PHASE SHIFT (DEGREES)
-20
0.12 -240
GAIN (dB)
GAIN (dB)
-40
0.08 -320
-60
0.04 -400
-80
0 -480
-100 -0.04 -560
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 5
8th-Order, Lowpass, Elliptic,
Switched-Capacitor Filters
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
MAX7400/MAX7403/MAX7404/MAX7407
(VDD = +5V for MAX7400/MAX7403, VDD = +3V for MAX7404/MAX7407; VCOM = VOS = VDD / 2; SHDN = VDD; fCLK = 100kHz;
TA = +25°C; unless otherwise noted.)
MAX7400/03 05
MAX7400/03 06
fC = 1kHz fC = 1kHz fC = 1kHz
20 0.24 -80
GAIN (dB)
-40 0 -320
MAX7400 toc09
MAX7400 toc07
MAX7400 toc08
2.2
MAX7400 2.01
2.1 MAX7404 MAX7400 5 MAX7404 MAX7400
MAX7407 MAX7403 MAX7403 MAX7407 MAX7403
2.0 2.00 0
1.9
-5
1.99
1.8
-10
1.7 MAX7404
1.98 MAX7407
1.6 -15
THD PLUS NOISE vs. INPUT SIGNAL THD PLUS NOISE vs. INPUT SIGNAL
OFFSET VOLTAGE vs. TEMPERATURE AMPLITUDE (MAX7400) AMPLITUDE AND RESISTIVE LOAD (MAX7400)
2.0 0 0
MAX7400/03-12
MAX7400/03 11
MAX7400/03-10
fIN = 200Hz
VIN = VCOM = VDD/2 -10 NO LOAD -10 fC = 1kHz
(SEE TABLE A) MEASUREMENT BW = 22kHz
1.5 -20 -20
OFFSET VOLTAGE (mV)
-30 -30
1.0
-40 -40
RL = 500Ω
-50 -50
0.5
-60 B -60 RL = 1kΩ
C
-70 D -70 RL = 10kΩ
0
-80 -80
6 _______________________________________________________________________________________
8th-Order, Lowpass, Elliptic,
Switched-Capacitor Filters
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
MAX7400/MAX7403/MAX7404/MAX7407
(VDD = +5V for MAX7400/MAX7403, VDD = +3V for MAX7404/MAX7407; VCOM = VOS = VDD / 2; SHDN = VDD; fCLK = 100kHz;
TA = +25°C; unless otherwise noted.)
THD PLUS NOISE vs. INPUT SIGNAL THD PLUS NOISE vs. INPUT SIGNAL
AMPLITUDE (MAX7403) AMPLITUDE AND RESISTIVE LOAD (MAX7403)
TABLE A. THD PLUS NOISE vs. INPUT SIGNAL
0 0
MAX7400/03 14
MAX7400/03 13
NO LOAD
AMPLITUDE TEST CONDITIONS
-10 fIN = 200Hz
-10 (SEE TABLE A) fC = 1kHz
fIN fC fCLK MEASUREMENT
-20 -20 MEASUREMENT BW = 22kHz TRACE
(Hz) (kHz) (kHz) BANDWIDTH (kHz)
THD + NOISE (dB)
THD + NOISE (dB)
-30 -30
-40
RL = 500Ω A 2800 14 1400 80
-40
-50 -50 RL = 1kΩ B 2000 10 1000 80
-60 B -60
C
D RL = 10kΩ C 1000 5 500 80
-70 -70
THD PLUS NOISE vs. INPUT SIGNAL THD PLUS NOISE vs. INPUT SIGNAL
AMPLITUDE (MAX7404) AMPLITUDE AND RESISTIVE LOAD (MAX7404)
0 0
MAX7400 toc15
MAX7400 toc16
fIN = 200Hz
-10 NO LOAD -10 fC = 1kHz
(SEE TABLE A) MEASUREMENT BW = 22kHz
-20 -20
THD + NOISE (dB)
-30 -30
-40 -40
RL = 500Ω
-50 A -50
-60 B -60
D C RL = 10kΩ
-70 -70 RL = 1kΩ
-80 -80
-90 -90
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
AMPLITUDE (Vp-p) AMPLITUDE (Vp-p)
THD PLUS NOISE vs. INPUT SIGNAL THD PLUS NOISE vs. INPUT SIGNAL
AMPLITUDE (MAX7407) AMPLITUDE AND RESISTIVE LOAD (MAX7407)
0 0
MAXX7400 toc18
MAX 7400 toc17
fIN = 200Hz
-10 NO LOAD -10 fC = 1kHz
(SEE TABLE A) MEASUREMENT BW = 22kHz
-20 -20
THD + NOISE (dB)
THD + NOISE (dB)
-30 -30
-40 -40
-50 -50
A RL = 500Ω
-60 C B -60
RL = 1kΩ
-70 -70 RL = 10kΩ
-80 -80
D
-90 -90
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
AMPLITUDE (Vp-p) AMPLITUDE (Vp-p)
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 7
8th-Order, Lowpass, Elliptic,
Switched-Capacitor Filters
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
MAX7400/MAX7403/MAX7404/MAX7407
(VDD = +5V for MAX7400/MAX7403, VDD = +3V for MAX7404/MAX7407; VCOM = VOS = VDD / 2; SHDN = VDD; fCLK = 100kHz;
TA = +25°C; unless otherwise noted.)
MAX7400 toC21
MAX7400 toc20
COSC = 390pF COSC = 390pF
1000
1.10 1.02 MAX7400
MAX7403
MAX7404 1.01
1.05
100 MAX7407
1.00 1.00 MAX7404
MAX7407
10 0.95 0.99
MAX7400
MAX7403
0.90 0.98
1
0.85 0.97
Pin Description
PIN NAME FUNCTION
Common Input. Biased internally at midsupply. Bypass externally to GND with a 0.1µF capacitor. To over-
1 COM
ride internal biasing, drive with an external supply.
2 IN Filter Input
3 GND Ground
4 VDD Positive Supply Input: +5V for MAX7400/MAX7403, +3V for MAX7404/MAX7407
Offset Adjust Input. To adjust output offset, bias OS externally. Connect OS to COM if no offset adjustment is
6 OS
needed. Refer to Offset and Common-Mode Input Adjustment section.
7 SHDN Shutdown Input. Drive low to enable shutdown mode; drive high or connect to VDD for normal operation.
Clock Input. To override the internal oscillator, connect to an external clock; otherwise, connect an external
8 CLK
capacitor (COSC) from CLK to GND to set the internal oscillator frequency.
8 _______________________________________________________________________________________
8th-Order, Lowpass, Elliptic,
Switched-Capacitor Filters
Detailed Description
MAX7400/MAX7403/MAX7404/MAX7407
The MAX7400/MAX7403/MAX7404/MAX7407 family of
8th-order, lowpass filters provides sharp rolloff with
good stopband rejection. All parts operate with a INT
8 7
100:1 clock-to-corner frequency ratio and a 10kHz CLK CLOCK SHDN
maximum corner frequency. These devices accept a LOGIC 4
VDD
single +5V (MAX7400/MAX7403) or +3V (MAX7404/
MAX7407) supply. Figure 1 shows the functional dia-
gram. 2
IN
Most switched-capacitor filters (SFCs) are designed VDD
MAX7400
with biquadratic sections. Each section implements two MAX7403
filtering poles, and the sections can be cascaded to MAX7404
SCF
produce higher-order filters. The advantage of this MAX7407
approach is ease of design. However, this type of COM
1 5
OFFSET OUT
design is highly sensitive to component variations if any ADJ
section’s Q is high. The MAX7400 family uses an alter- 6
native approach, which is to emulate a passive network OS
using switched-capacitor integrators with summing and
scaling. The passive network can be synthesized using 3
GND
CAD programs or can be found in many filter books.
Figure 2 shows a basic 8th-order ladder elliptic filter
BIAS
structure.
A switched-capacitor filter that emulates a passive lad-
der filter retains many of the same advantages. The
component sensitivity of a passive ladder filter is low
when compared to a cascaded biquadratic design, Figure 1. Functional Diagram
because each component affects the entire filter shape
rather than a single pole-zero pair. In other words, a
mismatched component in a biquadratic design has a C9 C10 C11
concentrated error on its respective poles, while the
same mismatch in a ladder filter design spreads its
error over all poles. R1 L1 L3 L5 L7
Elliptic Characteristics +
V0
VIN C2 C4 C6 C8 R2
Lowpass, elliptic filters such as the MAX7400/MAX7403/ -
MAX7404/MAX7407 provide the steepest possible rolloff
with frequency of the four most common filter types
(Butterworth, Bessel, Chebyshev, and Elliptic). Figure 3
shows the 8th-order elliptic filter response. The high Q Figure 2. 8th-Order Ladder Filter Network
value of the poles near the passband edge combined
with the stopband zeros allows for the sharp attenua- The corner frequency, fC, is defined as the point where
tion characteristic of elliptic filters, making these the filter output attenuation falls just below the passband
devices ideal for anti-aliasing and post-DAC filtering in ripple. The transition ratio is defined as the ratio of the
single-supply systems (see the Anti-Aliasing and Post- stopband frequency to the corner frequency:
DAC Filtering section).
r = fS / fC
In the frequency domain, the first transmission zero
causes the filter’s amplitude to drop to a minimum level. The MAX7400/MAX7404 have a transition ratio of 1.5
Beyond this zero, the response rises as the frequency and a typical stopband rejection of 82dB. The
increases until the next transmission zero. The stopband MAX7403/MAX7407 have a transition ratio of 1.2 (pro-
begins at the stopband frequency, fS. At frequencies viding the steepest rolloff) and a typical stopband
above fS, the filter’s gain does not exceed the gain at fS. rejection of 60dB.
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 9
8th-Order, Lowpass, Elliptic,
Switched-Capacitor Filters
MAX7400/MAX7403/MAX7404/MAX7407
VSUPPLY
RIPPLE
0.1µF
fC
VDD
SHDN
f OUT OUTPUT
TRANSITION RATIO = S
fC INPUT IN COM
GAIN (dB)
0.1µF 50k
fS
MAX7400
MAX7403
CLOCK CLK
MAX7404 50k
MAX7407 OS
0.1µF
GND 50k
PASSBAND STOPBAND
fC fS FREQUENCY
10 ______________________________________________________________________________________
8th-Order, Lowpass, Elliptic,
Switched-Capacitor Filters
with VCOM = VDD / 2 (typical), and where (VIN - VCOM) Anti-Aliasing and Post-DAC Filtering
MAX7400/MAX7403/MAX7404/MAX7407
is lowpass filtered by the SCF, and VOS is added at the When using the MAX7400/MAX7403/MAX7404/
output stage. See the Electrical Characteristics for MAX7407 for anti-aliasing or post-DAC filtering, syn-
COM and OS input voltage ranges. Changing the volt- chronize the DAC and the filter clocks. If the clocks are
age on COM or OS significantly from midsupply not synchronized, beat frequencies may alias into the
reduces the filter’s dynamic range. passband.
Power Supplies The high clock-to-corner frequency ratio (100:1) also
The MAX7400/MAX7403 operate from a single +5V eases the requirements of pre- and post-SCF filtering.
supply. The MAX7404/MAX7407 operate from a single At the input, a lowpass filter prevents the aliasing of fre-
+3V supply. Bypass VDD to GND with a 0.1µF capaci- quencies around the clock frequency into the pass-
tor. If dual supplies are required, connect COM to the band. At the output, a lowpass filter attenuates the
system ground and GND to the negative supply. Figure clock feedthrough.
5 shows an example of dual-supply operation. Single- A high clock-to-corner frequency ratio allows a simple
supply and dual-supply performance are equivalent. RC lowpass filter, with the cutoff frequency set above
For single-supply or dual-supply operation, drive CLK the SCF corner frequency, to provide input anti-aliasing
and SHDN from GND (V- in dual-supply operation) to and reasonable output clock attenuation.
VDD. For a ±2.5V supply, use the MAX7400 or MAX7403;
for a ±1.5V supply, use MAX7404 or MAX7407. For ±5V Harmonic Distortion
dual-supply applications, use the MAX291–MAX297. Harmonic distortion arises from nonlinearities within the
filter. Such nonlinearities generate harmonics when a
Input Signal Amplitude Range pure sine wave is applied to the filter input. Table 1 lists
The ideal input signal range is determined by observ- typical harmonic distortion values with a 10kΩ load and
ing the voltage level at which the total harmonic an input signal of 4Vp-p (MAX7400/MAX7403) or 2Vp-p
distortion plus noise (THD+N) is minimized for a given (MAX7404/MAX7407), at TA = +25°C.
corner frequency. The Typical Operating Character-
istics show THD+N response as the input signal’s
peak-to-peak amplitude is varied. These measurements
are made with OS and COM biased at midsupply.
______________________________________________________________________________________ 11
8th-Order, Lowpass, Elliptic,
Switched-Capacitor Filters
Ordering Information (continued) Chip Information
MAX7400/MAX7403/MAX7404/MAX7407
Package Information
SOICN.EPS
Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are
implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time.
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