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Idge Deck Analysis PDF
Idge Deck Analysis PDF
Support
Type of Deck Plan Profile
Method Condition
of Analysis T- Box
Slab Straight Skew Curve Simple Contin.
Beam Girder
Effective Width
√ √ √ √
Method
Courbon’s Method √ √ √ √
Hendry Jaeger
Method
√ √ √ √ √
Method of Elastic √ √ √ √ √
Support
Distribution
Coefficient Method √ √ √ √ √
AASHTO Method
√ √ √ √ √
Grillage Analogy √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Finite Element
Method √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Effective Width Method of Lateral Load Distribution
• Load on the slab is borne by the strip parallel to the
supporting edges on the either side of the load. The
strip is called effective width of slab.
bef = 1.2a + b1
Where
bef - Effective width of slab on which the loads acts
a - Distance of center of gravity of load from the
face of the cantilever support
b1 - Breadth of concentration area of load (W+2h)
h - Thickness of wearing coat
W- Contact width of wheel/track parallel to support
of slab
Effective Width of
Cantilever Slab
• Effective width of cantilever
slab should less or equal to
one third length of cantilever
a slab
Find live load on slab bridge for its unit width at mid span for the following
data
• Effective span of bridge = 8 m
• Width of kerb = 0.6 m
• Carriage Way = 7.5 m Track of 0.85 m width
• Live load = Class AA
• Thickness of wearing coat = 60 mm
• Depth of slab = 650 mm
a=4m
4.28 m
Since the effective widths of tracks overlap, 2.05 m
find the modified width for two tracks. 1.625 m
LL per unit width of slab = 700/7.37 = 88.61 KN/m Positioning of track load
COURBON'S METHOD OF
LATERAL LOAD DISTRIBUTION
1 2 3 4
I1 I2 I3 I4
In Courbon’s method, load shared by each girder in
central region of bridge deck is found by
R1 = P I1 / ∑I ± M I1 h1 / ∑Ih2
R2 = P I2 / ∑I ± M I2 h2 / ∑Ih2
R3 = P I3 / ∑I ± M I3 h3 / ∑Ih2
R4 = P I4 / ∑I ± M I4 h4 / ∑Ih2
In end region i.e., 5.5m from the support, simple beam method is
employed for lateral load distribution.
Find load on girder 1, 2 and 3 from the following For Point Load
loading conditions. R1 = P I1 / ∑I + M I1 h1 / ∑Ih2
= 200/3 + 200/2 = 500/3 KN
1 2 3 R3 = P I3 / ∑I - M I3 h3 / ∑Ih2
I I I Cross Section of Bridge = 200/3 - 200/2 = - 100/3 KN
1m 1m
R3 = P I3 / ∑I + M I3 h3 / ∑Ih2
1 2 3
= 10/3 + 0 = 10/3 KN for central region
=0 for end region
1 2 3 1 2 3
1 2 3
3. Find load on each girder
0.75 m 3m 3m 0.75 m = ∑Distribution coefficient × Eq. Loads
R1 = p11H1 + p12H2 + p13H3 = 1.355 W
R2 = p21H1 + p22H2 + p23H3 = 1.347 W
R3 = p31H1 + p32H2 + p33H3 = 1.298 W
Where ,
p11 = 0.365, p12 = 0.325, p13 = 0.310
p21 = 0.325, p22 = 0.350, p23 = 0.325
P31 = 0.310, p32 = 0.325, p33 = 0.365
Distribution Coefficient Method
• Distribution coefficient method is a simplified method of
bridge deck analysis based on orthotropic plate theory
• In this method distribution coefficients are used to
distribute the load and determine responses of bridge deck.
• Distribution coefficient depends on flexural and torsional
characterizing parameters of bridge deck.
P
2a
L
• To determine distribution coefficients graphs drawn
against flexural characterizing parameter (θ) and load
positions are used. Such graphs have been drawn for
torsionally weak ( =0) and torsionally strong ( =1)
bridge deck.
For intermediate value of ‘ ’ interpolation is made to
determine the distribution coefficients.
K = K0+(K1-K0)
2b = 9 m
2a =21 m
3. Find distribution coefficient for required value of ‘α’
K' = ∑KW/∑W
= 1.25 for girder 1
= 1.02 for girder 2
= 0.73 for girder 3
100%
80% 80%
Transverse Section
100%
75% 75%
Longitudinal Section
for ‘0’ ∑
ref. st. 0 b/4 b/2 0.471b
1
2.5 m
2 3 1 0.2674
1.85 m 2.5 m 1.85m
3 0.1006
5 0.0500
Lateral Load Distribution in Through Truss Bridge ILD of reaction
For Track Loading
Lever Arm Method of a truss
p
1
• Construct ILD of reaction of a truss.
Table gives the reaction of girder due to unit load of its different position. For
the unit load lying on cantilever, load is converted into equivalent moment and
unit load applied on exterior girder . For reaction of girder due to equivalent
moment second table of Method of Elastic Supports is used.
First Table
Second Table
0.689
tracked load for the given bridge
0.3 59
0.59
Take, Span of bridge = 12 m, EIg = 1.02 × EIcr
0.1 91
P P
0.3 m
Y2
Y1
1.65 m 2.05 m
-0.0001
-0.1 92
-0.2 86
0 1 2 3 4 Draw ILD for reaction of girder ‘1’
1m 2m 2m 2m 2m 1m P P
B = 10 m 1.95 m 2.05 m
0.43 8
0.3 95
0.3 04
0.2 04
Select method of lateral load distribution.
0.1 01
Since l/B = 12/10 = 1.2 > 2, Courbon’s Method is not applicable.
So apply Method of Elastic Supports to find loads on girders.
Y4
Y3
-0.0 0 01
-0.0 52
Find characterizing parameter α = d3/6EIT ∆P = 0.005
Where, d = 2 m, ∆P at mid span = 5/384 × wl4/ EI = 5/384 × 1 × 124/ 1.02 EIT
Find IL ordinate of reaction for girder ‘o’ Find load on girder ‘0’ and ‘1’
RP00 = 0.59, RP01 = 0.395, RP02 = 0.191, RP03 = - 0.0001, RP04 = - 0.192 R0 = P(Y1+Y2)
RP0l = RP00 + RM00 = RP00 + dRM00 × dk/d = 0.59 + 0.216 × ½ = 0.698 R1 = P(Y3+Y4)
RP0r= RP04 + RM04 = RP04 + dRM40 × dk/d = - 0.192 - 0.188 × ½ = - 0.286
The AASHTO method groups all the above factors into a single D
value, which is usually developed by idealizing a bridge as an
orthotropic plate
AASHTO method is effective when the bridge
deck satisfy the following conditions
• Obtain an initial D value from table according to the bridge type and number of
design lanes in the bridge.
• Calculate the initial load fraction S/D where S= the actual girder spacing in the case
of slab on girder bridges or the spacing of webs in the case of voided slab or 1m in
case of solid slabs.
• Treating the bridge as a one-dimensional beam, obtain bending moment due to the
design loading.
• Multiply the moment obtained in step 3 by (S/D)(1+I) to obtain the initial live load
moments. The reduction factor for multilane loading is implicit in the D values and
should not be applied again.
• Calculate α and θ (Modified D type method)
• Calculate μ from one of the following expression
μ = (We -11)/2 ≤ 1 where, We - Design lane
• Corresponding to the values of α and θ, obtain values of D separately for external
and internal portions along with the value of Cf from the relevant charts.
• Obtain the final value of D, separately for external and internal portions by
= D (1+ μ Cf/ /100)
• For each of the external and internal portions, obtain the final live load design
moments by multiplying the live load moments due to one line of wheels or half
lane loads as obtained in step 3 by (S/D)(1+I) .
Longitudinal Shear Force
• Select the D value accordance with the type of bridge and the
number of design lanes in the bridge.
• Calculate the load fraction S/D, where S= the actual girder spacing
in the case of slab on girder bridges or the spacing of webs in the
case of voided slabs and cellular structures or 1m in the cased of
solid slabs.
• Treating the bridge as a one dimensional beam , obtain shear
force due to one line of wheels of the truck or one half of the lane
loading .
• Multiply the shears obtained in step 3 by (S/D)(1+I)
Analysis of Multispan and
Variable Section Bridges
Steel plate girder bridges have markedly varying moments of inertia at
different parts along the span because of changes in the dimensions of
flanges and web plates.
Similarly in continuous RCC Girder Bridge haunches are provided to check
the shear and negative moment.
• It is noted that the equivalent spans are to be used only for obtaining
the transverse distribution effects. The equivalent span basically
affects only the characterizing parameter.
In Hendry Jaeger Method
0.2(l1+l2) 0.2(l3+l2)
0.8l1 0.8l2 0.8l3
l1 l2 l3
• In lateral load distribution, for positive moment region it is sufficiently accurate
to assume a mean and uniform value of the longitudinal flexural rigidity in
variable section.