Marking Scheme (Mathematics XII 2017-18)

Sr. Answer Mark(s)

No.
Section A
1. 1,3  ( x, y)  A  A : x  3  y  1  ( x, y)  A  A : y  x  2  (1,3),(2, 4) [1]

2. -15 [1]
3. a  iˆ , b  ˆj . [1]
(or any other correct answer)
4. (1 2)  3  2  3  212 ,1 (2  3)  1 26  264 (1 2)  3  1 (2  3).
2 [1]
Hence,  is not associative.
Section B
5.  [1]
 4sin 1 x   sin 1 x  
2
   1 [1]
 3sin 1 x   sin 1 x   x  sin 
2 6 6 2
6. 1 [ 1 + ½]
 3 2  1  3 2 3 2
 5 3  9  10  5 3  5 3
     
1 2  3 2  13 8 [½]
P   
 2 1 5 3   1 1
7. 1    [½]
Let cos1 x   . Then x   ,1 ,   0, , x  cos 
2   3 
The given expression on LHS
 cos  3 sin   1    1    [1]
   cos 1       cos cos(  )     cos cos(   ) 
 2 2   3   3 
   
     0    
3  3 3

  RHS
3 [½]
8. 1 dy 2 [ 1/2 ]
Let y  2 . Then  .
x dx x 3
dy 2 [1]
dy  ( ) x  2  x  3  0.002  0.0005.
dx 2
[ 1/2 ]
y decreases by 0.0005.
9. (sin x  cos x) 2 [ 1/2 ]
1  sin 2 x
e dx   e x
x
dx
1  cos 2 x 2 cos 2 x [ 1/2 ]
1 sin x cos x 1
  ex ( 2  2
)dx   e x (sec x  sec x tan x) dx
2 cos x cos x 2
1 x
 e sec x  c   e x ( f ( x)  f ( x))dx  e x f ( x)  c 
2 [1]
10. ax 2  by 2  1  2ax  2byy1  0  ax  byy1  0 (1) [ 1/2 ]
 a  b[ yy2  y12 ]  0  a  b[ yy2  y12 ] (2)
[1]
Substituting this value, for a in the equation (1), we get,
b[ yy2  y12 ]x  byy1  0  x[ yy2  y12 ]  yy1 . Hence verified [ 1/2 ]

11. a  2iˆ  ˆj  kˆ , b  iˆ  2 ˆj  kˆ , a  b  5, b  6. [ 1/2 ]

a b [1]
The required Projection (vector) of a on b  2
b
b
5 [ 1/2 ]
 (iˆ  2 ˆj  kˆ ).
6
12. P( A B) [1]
P( B / A)   P( A B)  0.4  0.6  0.24
P( A)
P( A B) 0.24 3
P ( A / B)    [1]
P( B) 0.80 10
Section C
13.
| | | | [2]

( ) .
[ 1]
| |

( ) [1]

14. Since, f is differentiable at 1, f is continuous at 1. Hence,

lim f ( x)  lim(2 x  1)  3 [1]
x 1 
x 1

lim f ( x)  lim(

ax 2  b)  a  b [ 1/2 ]
x 1 x 1
f(1) = 3
As f is continuous at 1, we have a + b =3 .... (1) [ 1/2 ]
f (1  h)  f (1) a(1  h)2  b  3
Lf (1)  lim  lim [ 1/2 ]
h 0 h h 0 h
a  ah  2ah  b  3
2
[ 1/2 ]
 lim  lim (ah  2a) (using (1))
h 0 h h 0

= 2a
f (1  h)  f (1) 2(1  h)  1  3 [ 1/2 ]
Rf (1)  lim  lim  2.
h 0 h h  0 h
As f is differentiable at 1, we have 2 a = 2, i. e., a = 1 and b = 2. [ 1/2 ]
OR
 x  sin x
lim f ( x)  lim
x 0 x 0 sin(a  1) x
[ 1/2 ]
sin x
1
x 2
 lim 
x 0 sin( a  1) x
(a  1) a  1 [ 1/2 ]
(a  1) x
esin bx  1
lim f ( x)  lim 2
x 0 x 0 bx [ 1/2 ]
e sin bx
 1 sin bx
 lim 2  2
x 0 sin bx bx
[ 1/2 ]
f(0) = 2.
[ 1/2 ]
For the function to be continuous at 0, we must have lim f ( x)  lim f ( x)  f (0)
x 0 x 0
2 [ 1/2 ]
i.e., we must have  2  a  0; b may be any real number other than 0.
a 1 [1]
15. 1 2 x 1 1
y  log( x  )  2log( )  2[log( x  1)  log x] [1]
x x 2
1 1 1 x 1
y1  2[   ] (1)
x 1 2 x x( x  1) [1]
x( x  1)  ( x  1)(2 x  1)  x 2  2 x  1
y2   2 [1]
x 2 ( x  1)2 x ( x  1) 2
 x 2  2 x  1 2 x  ( x  1)( x  1)
 x( x  1)2 y2    2  ( x  1)2 y1 (using (1))
x x [1]
 x( x  1) y2  ( x  1) y1  2. Hence, proved.
2 2

16. When y = 0, we have (x – 1) (x2 + x + 1) (x – 2) = 0, i.e., x = 1 or 2. [ 1/2 ]

dy
 x 3  1  ( x  2)3 x 2  4 x 3  6 x 2  1 [ 1/2 ]
dx
dy
( )(1,0)  3 [ 1/2 ]
dx
[ 1/2 ]
dy
( )(2,0)  7 .
dx
The required equations of the tangents are y – 0 = -3 (x – 1) or, y = -3x + 3 [2]
and y – 0 = 7(x – 2) or, y = 7x – 14.
OR
3 4 4 x( x  4) [1]
Domain f = (1, ) f ( x)     .
1  x (2  x) (2  x) 2
(1  x)(2  x) 2
f ( x)  0  x  0 [ x  4 as  4  (1, )]. [1]
(ve)(ve)
In (-1, 0), f ( x)   ve . Therefore, f is strictly decreasing in (-1, 0]. [1]
(ve)(ve)
In (0, ), f ( x)  ve . Therefore, f is strictly increasing in [0, ). [1]
17. We have C ( x)  x3  45 x 2  600 x,10  x  20 . For the time being we may assume that
the function C(x) is continuous in [10, 20]. [1]
C ( x)  3x  90 x  600  3( x  10)( x  20)
2

C( x)  0 if x  10 or x  20. But, 10, 20  (10, 20). [1]

Therefore, the maximum or the minimum value will occur at the points.
C(10)  2500, C(20)  2000.
Hence, the person must place the order for 20 trees and the least amount to be spent = Rs [1]
2000.
Value: The person cares for a healthy environment despite being economically [1]
constrained.

18. sec x sin x sin x cos x [1]

 1  cos ecx dx   cos x(1  sin x) dx   (1  sin x) (1  sin x) dx
2

t
 dt [sin x  t  cos xdx  dt ]
(1  t ) (1  t )
2

t A B C
    t  A(1  t )(1  t )  B(1  t )  C (1  t )2
(1  t ) (1  t ) 1  t (1  t ) 1  t
2 2

(an identity)
Put t = -1, - 1 = 2 B, i.e., B = -½. Put, t = 1, 1 = 4C, i.e., C = ¼. Put t = 0, 0 = A + B + C, which
1 [ 1+ 1/2 ]
gives A = .
4
1 1 1 1 1 1
Therefore the required integral  
4 1 t
dt  
2 (1  t ) 2
dt  
4 (1  t )
dt

1 1 1 1
 log 1  t    log 1  t  c
4 2 1 t 4
1 1 1 1 [ 1 + 1/2]
 log 1  sin x    log 1  sin x  c
4 2 1  sin x 4
19. The given differential equation is ye y dx  ( y3  2 xe y )dy, y(0)  1 [1]
y 2
ye dy dx 2 y
or,  or ,  ( ) x  y , which is linear in x.
( y  2 xe ) dx
3 y
dy y e
2
 dy 1 [1]
I. F. = e y
 e 2 log y 
y2
1
y2 
Multiplying both sides by the I. F. and integrating, we get, x  e y dy [ 1/2 ]
1
x  e y  c  x   y 2e y  cy 2 (the general solution).
y2 [1]
1
When x = 0, y = 1. 0  e1  c  c  . Hence, the required particular solution is
e
y 2
[ 1/2 ]
x   y 2e y  .
e
OR
 y
1 2
dy x  2 y x  f ( y ), [1]
The given differential equation is ( x  y )dy  ( x  2 y )dx or ,  
dx x y 1
y x
x
hence, homogeneous. [1]
dy dv dv 1  2v 1 v dx
Put y = v x   v  x . The equation becomes v  x  or , 2 dv 
dx dx dx 1  v v  v 1 x
1 2v  1  3 dx 2v  1 3 2dx
or ,  2 dv  or , [ 2  ]dv 
2 v  v 1 x v  v  1 v 2  2v   ( )2 
1 1 3 x
2 2 4
2v  1 3 2dx
Integrating, we get  2 dv   dv  
v  v 1 1 3 x
(v  ) 2  ( ) 2
2 2
1
v
3  2 1 2  2log x  c
or, log(v 2  v  1)  tan
3 3
2 [2 ]
2y  x
or, log( y 2  xy  x 2 )  2 3 tan 1  c (the general solution).
3x
20. a  (a  b  c )  a  0 [1]
[1]
 a b  a c  0  a b  c  a [ 1/2 ]
b  (a  b  c )  b  0 [ 1/2 ]
 b  c  a  b a  b  b  c  c  a
[ 1/2 ]
 a b c   a  (b  c )  a  (a  b )
 
 0 [As the scalar triple product of three vectors is zero if any two of them are equal.] [ 1/2 ]
21. General point on the first line is (  2, 2  3, 4 1). [ 1/2 ]
General point on the second line is (2  1,3  2, 4  3). [ 1/2 ]
[ 1/2 ]
Direction ratios of the required line are   3, 2  2, 4  2 .
Direction ratios of the same line may be 2,3  1, 4  2 . [ 1/2 ]
  3 2  2 4  2   3 2  2 2  1
Therefore,   (1)     k ( say)
2 3  1 4  2 2 3  1 2  1
   3  2k , 2  2  (3  1)k, 2 1  (2  1)k
 3  3
   k , 2  2  3   k , 2  1    3  k
2 2
4  4  3  9 3
k    2    9,   , which satisfy (1). [1]
2 11
Therefore, the direction ratios of the required line are 6, 20,34 or, 3,10,17 .
[ 1/2 ]
x 1 y 1 z 1
Hence, the required equation of the line is   .
3 10 17 [ 1/2 ]
22. Let E1 = Bag I is chosen, E2 = Bag II is chosen, E3 = Bag III is chosen, A = The two balls drawn [1]
from the chosen bag are white and red.
1
P ( E1 )   P ( E2 )  P ( E3 ),
3
1 3 2 1 4 2 [2]
P( A | E1 )    2, P( A | E2 )    2, P( A | E3 )    2 .
6 6 4 4 9 9
By Bayes’s Theorem, the required probability =
1 4 2
  2
P( E3 )  P( A | E3 ) 3 9 9 64
P( E3 | A)  3   . [1]
1 1 3 1 2 1 1 4 2
            199
P( Ei )  P( A | Ei ) 2 2 2
i 1 3 6 6 3 4 4 3 9 9
23. Let X denotes the random variable. Then X = 0, 1, 2.
16
c 60 4
c  16 c 32 4
c 3
P( X  0)  20 2  , P( X  1)  120 1  , P( X  2)  20 2  . [ 1 + 1/2]
c2 95 c2 95 c2 95

xi pi xipi xi2pi [ 1/2 ]

0 60/95 0 0

1 32/95 32/95 32/95

2 3/95 6/95 12/95

total 38/95 44/95

3
38 2
Mean = x p
i 1
i i  
95 5 [ 1/2 ]

3 3
44 4 144
Variance =  xi 2 pi  ( xi pi )2 
i 1 i 1
 
95 25 475
. [ 1 +1/2 ]

Section D
24. f g :  defined by f g ( x)  f ( g ( x))  f ( x3  5)  2( x3  5)  3  2 x3  7 [1]
Let x1 , x2  ( D f g ) such that
f g ( x1 )  f g ( x2 )  2 x13  7  2 x23  7  x13  x23  x1  x2 . Hence, f g is one- [1]
one.
Let y  (Codomain f g ). Then for any x f g (x) = y if 2 x3 + 7 = y, i.e., if, 2 x3 = y – 7, i.e., x
y7 y7 [2]
= 3 , which  ( D f g ). Hence, for every y  (Codomain f g ),  3  (D f g )
2 2
y7
such that f g( 3 )  y. Hence,
2
f g is onto.
Since, f g is both one-one and onto, it is invertible. [ 1/2 ]
 x7
( f g )1 :  defined by ( f g ) 1 ( x)  3
[1]
2
97 [ 1/2 ]
( f g ) 1 (9)  3  1.
2
OR
Let a, b such that a = 0, b  0.
[1]
Then a  b  a  b  0  b  b, b  a  b,a  b  b  a
Let a, b such that a  0, b = 0. [1]
Then a  b  a, b  a  b  a  0  a  a,a  b  b  a
[1]
Let a, b such that a = 0, b = 0. Then a  b  a  0, b  a  b  0, a  b  b  a .
Now we need to check whether  is commutative. One more case is needed to be
examined. Let a, b such that a  0, b  0. Then a  b  a  b, b  a  b  a and a  b
may not be equal to b  a , e.g., (-1)  2=3, 2  (-1) = 1, hence, (-1)  2  2  (-1). Thus  is
not commutative. [1]
The element e  will be the identity element for  if a  e = e  a = a for all a  .
a  e  a provided e = 0 and e  a  a provided e = 0 (As 0  0  0 and 0  a  0  a  a for
[2]
a  0). Hence, 0 is the identity element for  .
25. A  3(3  6)  (2)(12 14)  1(12  7)  62  0 . [1]

Hence, A1 exists. Let cij represent the cofactor of (i, j)th element of A. Then,
c11  3, c12  26, c13  19, c21  9, c22  16, c23  5, c31  5, c32  2, c33  11.
 3 9 5 

adjA = 26 16 2

 
19 5 11
 3 9 5  [2]
A1 
1  26 16 2 
62 
19 5 11
The given system of equations is equivalent to the matrix equation
 x 14
AX  B, where X   y  , B   4  .
 
 z   0 
 X  ( A) B  ( A )B
1 1
[ 1]
 3 26 19  14 62 1
1     1   
  9 16 5   4   62  1 Hence, x = 1, y = 1, z = 1
62 62
 5 2 11  0  62 1 [2]
OR
  2 1 1  1 0 0 1 0 1  0 1 0
1 0 1   0 1 0 A   2 1 1   1 0 0 A ( R1  R2 )

   [1]
0 2 1 0 0 1   0 2 1 0 0 1 
1 0 1  0 1 0
 0 1 1  1 2 0  A ( R2  R2  2 R1 ) [1]
0 2 1 0 0 1 
1 0 1 0 1 0
 0 1 1   1 2 0  A ( R3  R3  2 R2 ) [1]
0 0 1   2 4 1 
1 0 0  2 3 1
 0 1 0   1 2 1  A ( R2  R2  R3 , R1  R1  R3 ) [1]
0 0 1   2 4 1 
 2 3 1 [1]
 A   1 2 1 
1

 2 4 1 
 2 3 1
X  1 0 1 A  1 0 1  1 2 1   0 1 0
1
[1]
 2 4 1 
26.  x2 , x  0
yx x  2 . [1]
 x , x  0
Solving y  x 2 , x 2  y 2  2 simultaneously, y  y 2  2  0  ( y  2)( y  1)  0  y  1
( y  x 2 lies in quadrant I).
[1/2]
 x 1

[1]

1
The required area = the shaded area = (
0
2  x 2  x 2 )dx [2]

1 x 1 1 31 1 
 [ x 2  x 2  2sin 1 ]0  [ x ]0  (  ) sq units. [ 1+1/2 ]
2 2 3 6 4
27.  
4
x  4
1
The given definite integral = I =  2  cos 2 x
dx 
4  2  cos 2 x dx
 
4 4
x x
f ( x)  , f ( x)    f ( x).
2  cos 2 x 2  cos 2 x

4
x [1]
Hence, f is odd. Therefore,  2  cos 2 x dx  0

4
1 1
g ( x)  , g (  x)   g ( x).
2  cos 2 x 2  cos 2 x
 
4 4
1 1
Hence, g is even. Thus  2  cos 2 x
dx  2 
2  cos 2 x
dx.
 0 [1]
4
 

 4
1  4 1
Hence, I = 
2 0 2  cos 2 x
dx  
2 0 1  2sin 2 x
dx
 

 4
sec2 x  4 sec2 x  1
1
  dx   dx   dt [tan x  t  sec2 xdx  dt ]
2 0 1  tan x  2 tan x
2 2
2 0 1  3 tan x
2
2 0 1 3 t2
[2]
 1 1
1 
3
  dt  3[tan 1 3t ]10
2 1 2 2 6
) t0 (
3
  3 2 [2]
 3[ ] 
6 3 18
OR
Let f(x) = 3x2 – 2x + 4. Then the given definite integral =
2 n

 f ( x)dx  lim h f (2  rh), where nh  4. [1]

n 
2 r 1
h 0

f (2  rh)  3(2  rh)2  2(2  rh)  4  3r 2 h 2  14rh  20

n n n
n(n  1)(2n  1) n(n  1) [1]
 f (2  rh)  3h  r
r 1
2

r 1
2
 14h r  20n  3h 2 
r 1 6
 14h 
2
 20n
[ 2 + 1/2]
n(n  1)(2n  1) n(n  1)
2

 f ( x)dx  lim h[3h   14h   20n]

2
n  6 2
2
h 0

nh(nh  h)(2nh  h) nh(nh  h)

 lim[3   14   20nh]
n  6 2
h 0

4(4  h)(8  h)
 lim[  7  4(4  h)  20  4]  32
h 0 2 [ 1 + 1/2]
28. x 1 y  2 z 1 [1]
The general point on the given line  
1 3 9
is (  1,3  2, 9 1). [1]
The direction ratios of the line parallel to the plane x – y +2 z -3 =0 intersecting the given line
[1]
and passing through the point (-2, 3, -4) are   3,3 1, 9  3
1 [1]
and (  3)1  (3  1)( 1)  ( 9  3)2  0    .
2
3 7 11 [1]
The point of intersection is ( , , ).
2 2 2
3 7 11 59 [1]
The required distance = (  2)  (  3)  (  4) 2 
2 2
unit.
2 2 2 2
29. Let x = the number of units of Product 1 to be produced daily
y = the number of units of Product 2 to be produced daily
[1]
To maximize P = (9 – 1.2)x + (8 – 0.9)y = 7.8x + 7.1y
subject to the constraints:
x y x y
  90, or 3 x  4 y  1080,   80, or 3 x  8 y  1920, x  200, x  0, y  0.
4 3 8 3 [2]

[2]

At the point P
(0, 0) 0
(200, 120) 2412
(0, 240) 1704
(200, 0) 1560
(80, 210) 2115 [1]
The maximum profit = Rs. 2412.