CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

Time is finite. There are only so many hours in a day, none

of which can be reclaimed. How many hours a day do you have left
today? Whatever your definition of time management, it can’t be
stored, saved or borrowed. Once it’s gone, it’s gone. Time
management is about making the most of your time -- and the
more you value it the better you'll use it.

According to Harvey MacKay “Time is free, but it’s priceless.

You can’t own it, but you can use it. You can’t keep it, but you can
spend it. Once you’ve lost it you can never get it back.” A lot of
people are always wishing they had more hours available in the
day. The solution to this common problem is easier than one might
realize. Proper time management is something that can change
your life on a fundamental basis for the better.

This study will deal on how the Student-athletes of the

University of the East Manila can manage their time in being a
student and an athlete. While there are many rewarding
opportunities associated with being a student-athlete, many
continue to struggle in finding the appropriate balance between
academics and athletics. But with the right attitude and planning,
student-athletes can successfully achieve a proper balance
between academics and athletics.
Background of the Study

The UAAP was established in 1938. It is a collegiate athletic

association of eight Metro Manila universities in the Philippines.
Varsity teams from these universities compete annually in fifteen
sports to vie for the overall championship, namely, badminton,
baseball, basketball, beach volleyball, chess, fencing, football,
judo, softball, swimming, table tennis, taekwondo, tennis, track
and field, and volleyball.

In 1938, the University of the Philippines Alumni Association

and the Philippine Amateur Athletic Federation (PAAF), then the
highest sports body in the country, encouraged the original "Big 3
League" and FEU to form a permanent sports association—the
University Athletic Association of the Philippines. Events included
were basketball, women's volleyball, baseball, football, swimming
and track and field. UP bagged three titles (volleyball, baseball,
track and field). UST was tops in football and swimming and FEU
triumphed in basketball.

Nowadays, student athletes need proper time management

in order to succeed in their studies and their respective sports.
They need to be disciplined in their daily life to balance their time
of trainings and their classes. Being a student-athlete is not an
easy thing because it requires a lot of hard work, self-discipline,
and proper time management.

In 1941, the outbreak of World War II hindered the staging of the

1941–1942 UAAP with UST failing to complete its term. UAAP
competition was not held from 1942 to 1946 due to the Japanese
occupation of the country which resulted in the closure of
educational institutions. The UAAP competition resumed in 1947.
Objectives of the Study

The objective of the study is to help the future readers and

researchers to know the effectiveness of time management of
Student-athletes at University of the East – Manila.

General Objectives

The study is to determine the effectiveness of time

management of student-athletes of the University of the East
Manila.

Specific Objectives

The researchers would like:

1. To understand how student-athletes can successfully achieve a

proper balance in academics and athletics.
2. To know the academic performance of the student-athletes.
3. To determine their performance as an athlete.

Setting of the Study

The University of the East “UE” is a private university located

at the University Belt. The institution is founded in 1946 and
acquired by Dr. Lucio Tan in 1990. Some of the programs offered
by the University are accredited by CHED as Centers of Excellence
and Development. UE was once labeled as the “largest university in
Asia” having an enrollment of over 60,000 students. The institution
was granted “Autonomous Status” by the Commission on Higher
Education (CHED) in 2001.
Conceptual Framework

EFFECTIVENESS OF TIME MANAGEMENT OF STUDENT ATHLETES: AN

EVALUATION

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Survey
questionnaire Time
Management
Interview
Student Athletes
Data Gathering

Analyze the Data

Evaluate the Data

Figure 1.1 Conceptual Model of Effectiveness of Time

Management of Student Athletes.

The conceptual framework of the study uses INPUT,

PROCESS, and OUTPUT. Whereas the input of the study that the
researchers aim to determine is the Student Athletes. On the
process issue, we adopt going to brain storming, interview,
formulation of survey tool and questionnaire, data gathering,
analyze the data. And evaluate the data. On the output part of this
framework, the answer to the input and process and how proper
time management affects the performance of every student
athletes.
Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of time

management of the student-athletes of University of the East-
Manila. Specifically, it seeks to answer the following questions:

1. What is the profile of the Student Athletes in terms of:

1.1 Age
1.2 Gender
1.3 Sports Engagement
2. What is the attitude of the Student Athletes in terms of:
2.1 Academics
2.2 Sports
3. How do Student Athletes manage their time in terms of:
3.1 Academics
3.2 Sports

Significance of the Study

This research study is significant to the following:

The Athletes

The study is significant to the athletes for this will help

them know the importance of time management.

The University

The university will benefit from this study because it

will give them insights on how the student-athletes can balance
athletics and academics.
 Researchers

To the researcher, it will help them understand the

concept of proper time management.

Future researchers

This research will serve as a guide for future studies

and use it as related literature.

Scope & Delimitations

The researcher conducts the study to student-athletes at UE

Manila to determine the effectiveness of time management in their
academics and athletics performance.

Definition of Terms

1. Athletics - sports, games, and exercises that require

strength and skill: athletic activities.
2. Student-athlete - is a participant in an organized
competitive sport sponsored by the educational institution in
which he or she is enrolled.

3. Time management - the ability to use one's time effectively

or productively, especially at work.

4. UAAP - is a collegiate athletic association of eight Metro

Manila universities in the Philippines.
 CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Local Literature

Ravena (2012) a former student-athlete at Ateneo de Manila

University said in an interview with ABS-CBN that he had his
eyes set on a career as a professional basketball player. He also
considers his current course, BS Communications Technology
Management, in his future plans. He wanted to have his own
business to have something after his basketball career.

Tenorio (2005) current player of Barangay Ginebra San Miguel

and former Atenean said at an interview with PhilStar that he
had a tutor whom he sees every day until his third year at
college, the academic’s at Ateneo is very demanding because the
grade-point scale is from zero to.

Teng (2016) a former student-athlete of DLSU said at an

interview with ABS-CBN sports that being a Dean’s Lister again
and winning his 2nd UAAP champion ship was a challenging time
for him because it was his final year with the Green Archers and
he got a 3.5 GPA mark which is enough to be in the Dean’s List.

Paras (2016) William Middlebrooks coach of UCLA Bruins

stated in an interview with ABS-CBN that Paras was unable to
meet the academic requirement to play with them because the
grade requirement for UCLA was 2064 and Paras only got 1750
on his SAT grade. So he transferred to Creighton University also
a member of the NCAA Division 1.
Aguilar (2014) a former student athlete of DLSU said at an
interview with Rappler, He thought that he would lose his First
Honor Dean’s List status due to representing the Philippines at
the SEA games which was held back on November 2011, but
surprisingly his GPA is 3.4 which is just the GPA for a First
Honor’s Dean’s Lister.

Bersola (2017) a former student-athlete of UP stated at an

interview with Inquirer that she had a memorable career with
the University of the Philippines despite being a student-athlete
she managed to graduate with a GWA of 1.180 and with the
prestigious summa cum laude honor.

Foreign Literature

Bowman (2013) a pitcher at St. Louis Cardinal said in an

interview with Princeton that balancing athletics and academics
can be tricky because you have to pull an all-nighter to make
sure your academics don’t suffer.

As per article The Life of a College Student-Athlete; Jordyn

Austin 01/31/2017

College life can be difficult sometimes. Having a sport into

the mix, it makes really challenging.

Every student-athlete has to be successful in managing their

time. Between class, practice, workouts, and games, great time
management skills are important. Procrastination shall not be
available in their college life. If they procrastinate then their
daily routine could be ruined.
 Whenever, they are with their professor, teammates, or
coaches, they must learn to be good and honest
communicators. They need to be always in communication with
their professors to make sure the professor is aware of
scheduling conflicts and missed classes. The student must be
open about the work load so the professor can accommodate or
make adjustments to them.

It’s no surprise that most, if not all, student-athletes find

themselves tired most of the time. The commitment to their
classes, exams, practice, workouts, and games leaves them with
little time to socialize throughout the week.

Almost every student-athletes claim that having great

motivation is a huge part of their success as a student-athlete.

Nail it or fail it – how student athletes juggle sport and

study; Emma McKeon, Alicia Coutts, Brittany Elmslie and
Bronte Barratt (N.D)

Stated in the article made by The Conversation with

students from Griffith University, motivation is a key role on
being a successful student-athlete. Balance is vital for a
student-athlete. This includes enjoying social life with family
and friends and making time for recovery from study and sport.

Student-athletes strive to maintain a balanced life. With the

support of the coaches, family, friends, school an athlete’s life
can be rewarding.

It’s no surprise that most, if not all, student-athletes find

themselves tired most of the time. The commitment to their
classes, exams, practice, workouts, and games leaves them with
little time to socialize throughout the week.

Almost every student-athletes claim that having great

motivation is a huge part of their success as a student-athlete.

Nail it or fail it – how student athletes juggle sport and

study; Emma McKeon, Alicia Coutts, Brittany Elmslie and
Bronte Barratt (N.D)

Stated in the article made by The Conversation with students

from Griffith University, motivation is a key role on being a
successful student-athlete. Balance is vital for a student-
athlete. This includes enjoying social life with family and friends
and making time for recovery from study and sport.

Research Synthesis

Ravena, Tenorio, Teng, & Paras were some of the student-

athletes who made it good as a student and an athlete. They
were able to succeed in both academics and sports due to
proper time management and with the support of their
respective family.

As per article stated by Jordyn Austin very student-athlete has

to be successful in managing their time. With the help of their
professor, teammates, family, or coaches they could attain
proper time management with their academics and athletics.
The demand of time management was much harder than an
average student compared to a student-athlete.
Emma McKeon stated that “Nail it or fail it”,
Ms. McKeon believes that balance in the scheduling of athletics
is a must. Motivation is another key factor for them to succeed.
In relation to our study of Time Management, balance and
motivation are two of the vital factors that our student-athletes
need in order to succeed in their chosen field. Time
management among athletes must be observe if they have to
balance their activities and proper motivation whether it is
intrinsic or extrinsic will be a great inspiration for them to
succeed.
 CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Methodology

This chapter includes the presentation of the following: the

method of research, respondents/subject of the study, locale of the
study, research instruments, data gathering procedures and the
statistical tools that researchers used.

Research Design

This study entitled "Effectiveness of Time Management of

Student Athletes: An Evaluation" use Quantitative methods
emphasize objective measurements and the statistical,
mathematical, or numerical analysis of data collected through
questionnaires, and surveys, or by manipulating pre-existing
statistical data using computational techniques.

Description of the Respondents/Subject of the Study

The respondents of the study are the student-athletes of UE-

Manila. They will be given structure survey questionnaire in which
the researchers' primary source of data will come from the
respondents' answer.
Sampling Technique

The researchers will take use purposive sampling in selecting

the respondents of the study where purposive sampling is a non-
probability sample that is selected based on characteristics of a
population and the objective of the study. Purposive sampling is
also known as judgmental, selective, or subjective sampling. The
researchers’ used this kind of sampling because it’s best suited for
the study and the criteria use in the determination of the
respondents came from the University of the East Manila campus
Student Athletes.

Data gathering procedures

The research study was conducted by the BMR 113 -

students of UE-Manila to determine the "Effectiveness of Time
Management of Student Athletes: An Evaluation". Procedures in
gathering the data are as follows:

 The researchers acquired data from the related studies

and literature.
 The researchers formulated questions based on the
statement of the problem and the survey
questionnaires.
 The researchers started giving out the survey
questionnaires to the respondents from them, a total
of 222 student-athletes.
 After the results have been gathered, the researchers
evaluated, analyzed, interpreted and tallied the data,
getting for the average and testing its significance.
Instrument

The researchers used questionnaire to gather the necessary

information from the respondents. The draft of the questionnaire is
drawn out based on the researchers' readings, previous studies
and statement of the problem.

Likert Scale

Likert Scale are survey questions that offer a range of answer

options – from one extreme attitude to another, like “strongly
agree” to “strongly disagree.” Typically, they include a moderate or
neutral midpoint.

Verbal Interpretation Rate Range

Strongly Agree 5 4.50 – 5.00
Agree 4 3.50 – 4.49
Moderate 3 2.50 – 3.49
Disagree 2 1.50 – 2.49
Strongly Disagree 1 1.00 – 1.49

Statistical Treatment of Data

In order to determine the effectiveness of the researcher’s

instrument, the researchers will test, give the meaning and
interpret the data that had been garnering, tally and tabulate. The
study will use purposive sampling and likert scale, made use of
weighted mean.
Weighted Mean is a kind of average. Instead of each data point
contributing equally to the final mean, some data points contribute
more “weight” than others.

∑wf
W =
N

Where: W = the weight

∑wf = weight of the item
N = total number respondents
 CHAPTER 4

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter includes the presentation, analysis and

interpretation of data with regard to demographic distribution and
the effectiveness of Time Management in UE-Manila Student-
Athlete.

Table 1. Frequency Distribution of Respondents According to

Sport.

Sport Frequency Percentage

Basketball 60 27%
Dance Sport 12 5%
Fencing 10 4.5%
Football 26 12%
Judo 3 1%
Lawn Tennis 9 4%
Pep Squad 27 12%
Table Tennis 10 4.5%
Taekwondo 4 2%
Track and Field 4 2%
Volleyball 57 26%
TOTAL 222 100%

Table 1 shows the distribution of the respondents according

to their respective sport. It shows that out of the 222 respondents,
60 or 27% of the respondents are from basketball which is much
higher than the other sport. It signifies that basketball is dominant
in this study.
 Table 2. Frequency Distribution of Respondents
According to Gender.

Gender Frequency Percentage

Male 131 59%
Female 91 41%
TOTAL 222 100%

Table 2 shows the distribution of the respondents

according to gender. It shows that out of 222 respondents, 131 or
59% of the respondents are male which is much higher than the
female respondents, 91 or 41%. It signifies that male is dominant
in this study.

Table 3. Student Athletes attitude on their academics.

Weighted Verbal
5 4 3 2 1
Mean Interpretation
1. I always
attend my Agree
43 99 69 11 0
class regularly.

2. I always do
my
Agree
28 102 73 9 10
assignments
on time.
 3. I can still
pass my
Strongly Agree
89 67 55 10 1
quizzes and
exams.
4. I don’t find
it difficult to
focus on my
studies, even Agree
45 85 70 22 0
though my
sports needs
more time.
5. I just enjoy
attending my Agree
40 95 60 27 0
classes.
6. I am active
joining group Agree
45 80 65 17 15
activates and
presentation
7. I come on
time in my 80 35 30 60 17 Strongly Agree
classes
8. I am
inspired to
90 25 60 12 25 Strongly Agree
attend my
classes

9. I comply
with my
75 40 70 20 17 Strongly Agree
teacher’s
requirements.
10. I ensure
that my
classes are not 80 50 60 30 2 Strongly Agree
conflict with
my practice.
11. My grades
are better as 95 85 30 10 2 Strongly Agree
an athlete.

Table 3 shows how the student athletes’ attitude can help

them perform well in their academics. The respondents are given
five scale questions, which are ranked as 5 as being the highest
and 1 as the lowest. The student athletes strongly agree that they
can attend and perform well in class. Majority of them are
performing well in academics.

Table 4. Student Athletes attitude on their sports.

5 4 3 2 1 Weighted Verbal
Mean Interpretation
1. I find my
sports helpful
to finish my 60 75 55 10 12 Agree
studies.
2. I can still
manage my
time, though Agree
69 96 53 4 0
my sport is
demanding.
3. My time in
sports does not
affect my 60 90 50 10 2 Agree
academics.
4. My
involvement in
sports
Agree
motivates me 67 79 52 10 14

to finish my
studies.
5. Our time for
practice is 55 75 80 12 0 Moderate
tedious.
6. I have made
the best
decision of 99 75 48 0 0 Strongly Agree
joining sports
in School.
7. I gain
confidence of
Agree
85 98 39 0 0
joining sports
in School.
8. I have
gained friends
102 98 22 0 0 Strongly Agree
because of
sports.
9. My co-
athletes help
me in doing my Moderate
25 29 133 23 12
home works.

10. I am
determined to
Strongly Agree
129 75 18 0 0
excel in sports

11. I am happy
and active as 150 72 0 0 0 Strongly Agree
an athlete.
 CHAPTER 5

Summary of Findings

Based on the questions, the following were the findings

of the study:

 The total respondents from the student-athletes of the

University of the East-Manila were 222. The
respondents nature is on the dominance of male which
comprises of about 131 of the total respondents
population while, on the other hand, the female
population is consists of 91 or 41%.
 Majority of the respondents agreed that proper time
management can help them balance academics and
athletics.

Conclusions
Based on the findings of the study, the following were
the conclusions:
 The researchers conclude that most of the student-
athletes work their task with the proper time
management.
 The researchers conclude that student-athletes can
reach their dream by observing proper time
management.
 The researchers conclude that time management has
an important role in being a student-athlete.
 The researchers conclude that time management is
important in student-athlete.
 Recommendations

Based on the foregoing findings of the study,

proper time management is very effective to the
student-athletes in University of the East-Manila.

 Student-Athletes should observe proper time

management.
 Student-Athletes should know how to balance their
academics and athletics.
 Student-Athletes should allot productive time in their
academics.
 The institution should continue to offer the academic
programs that will interest the student-athletes.
 The future researchers can pursue further studies in
student-athletes achievement of their student life.
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