a DUBAI MUNICIPALITY ROADS DEPARTMENT GEOMETRIC DESIGN MANUAL FOR DUBAI! ROADSGeometric Design Manual For Dubai Roads Foreword Foreword The successful and thriving economy of Dubai depends to a great extent on mobility. Goods need to be transported, and people need to go about thelr daily business, quickly, safely and efficiently. The road network has grown to almost 2000km, and provides an excellent level of mobility through its high quality of design. Further construction will be necessary as the Emirate continues to develop, and the purpose of this Manual is to ensure that new roads in Dubai continue to be designed to the best and most appropriate geometric standards, In setting these standards, the established good practice in the Emirate has been @ particularly important element. Equally the policies and standards of other countries, particularly the United States, Canada, Great Britain and Australia, have been carefully considered and have had an important influence. am confident that the good design practice set out in this Manual will lead to an even better quality of highway provision, thus giving safer and more efficient transportation to the road users of Dubai. fs ‘Al Taya Asst. Director General for Roads & General Projects Affairs Dubai MunicipalityGeometric Design Manual For Dubai Roads Project R660 Review Committee Project R660 : Review Committee The following members of Dubai Municipality served on the Committee which was set up to oversee the preparation of this Manual. Their input and guidance are acknowledged. ADVISORY Mr. Mattar Al Tayer Mr. Nasser Saeed Mr Sami Al Hashimi TECHNICAL REVIEW COMMITTEE Dr. Turki Al Suleiman Dr. Abdel Malek Abu Sheikh Mr. Khalid Monayyer Mr. Raed Al Ramahi Dr, Hikmat Al Ktaishat Mr. Zuhair Darwish Assistant Director General for Roads & General Projects Affairs Director of Roads Department Head of Roads Planning Section Roads Planning Specialist (Committee Chairman) Head of Traffic & Transportation Engineering Unit Head of Road Design Unit Former Head of Road Design Unit Head of Roads Structures Unit Design Engineer ‘The Consultant for the preparation of the Manual was Mouchel Middle East o- 2 October 1999Geometne Design Manual For Dubai Roads index Index Page No Foreword 0-4 Review Committee 0-2 Index 0-3 List of Tables 0-13 List of Figures 0-18 List of Plates 0-23 Glossary 0-25 Bibliography 0-45 Preface 0-49 List of Working Papers 0-50 1 Highway Network 141 Dubai Functional Road Hierarchy 14 12 Designated Routes 1-9 13 Determining the Road Class 1-9 14 Freeways 4-40 15 Expressways 4-14 1.6 Arterials 111 17 Collectors 111 18 Local Roads 11 2 Traffic 24 Introduction 24 22 Definitions 24 23 Level of Service (LoS) 24 24 Capacity 2-8 25 Design Vehicles 2-9 26 Pedestrians 2-10Geometric Design Manual For Dubai Roads Index 3 Design Speed 3.4 General ot 32 Selection of Design Speed 34 3.3 Effect of Terrain 3-2 34 Relationship with Posted Speed 32 35 Existing Road 33 36 Locations where Design Speed Changes 34 37 Interchanges 3-4 3.8 Reduction below Standards 3-4 4 Sight Distance 44 General 4-1 42 Eye-height and Object Height at 43 Stopping Sight Distance (SSD) 4-2 44 Safe Passing Sight Distance (SPSD) 4-4 45 Decision Sight Distance 47 46 Maintaining of Sight Distances 48 47 Provision of Safe Passing Sight Distance 49 5. Horizontal Alinement 5.1 General 54 5.2 Maximum Superelevation 5-2 5.3 Minimum Curvature 53 5.4 Calculation of Superelevation 55 55 Transition Curves - General 56 5.6 Length of Transition Curve 57 57 ‘Superelevation Runoff over the Length of the Transition Curve 5-8 5.8 Widening on Curves 5-10 5.9 Lateral Clearances 5-10 5.10 Visual Appearance of Horizontal Geometry 514 5.11 Horizontal Curves on Local Streets 5-17 6 Vertical Alinement 61 General 64 62 Maximum Grade 6-2 63 Minimum Grade 6-4 64 Vertical Curves 6-4 65 Visibility 68 66 Choice of Longitudinal Profile 6-8 67 Visual Appearance of Vertical Geometry 6-8 68 Combining Horizontal and Vertical Alinement 6-15 6.9 Vertical Clearances 6-23 6.10 Local Roads 6-24 0-4 October 1999Geometnic Design Manual For Oubar Roads index Cross-Sectional Elements General TA Limits of Right of Way 73 Side Slopes 1-4 General 74 Wind-Blown Sand TS Verges 7 Service Reservations 77 Shoulders and Curb Clearances 78 Shoulders 78 Curb Clearances 79 Clearances to Structures 7-10 Clearances to Safety Barriers TAY Lane Widths 712 Median Widths TAB General 713 Narrow Medians TAS Intermediate Medians 7-16 Wide Medians 7-16 Normal Widths for Medians TAT Cross Slopes TAB Gutters and Drainage Ditches 718 Other Elements within the Cross-Section 7-18 7.13.1 Auxiliary Lanes 7-18 7.13.2 Service Roads TAQ 7.13.3 Bridges 721 7.13.4 Tunnels 7-22 Highway Facilities General 81 Pedestrian Facilities 84 Sidewalks 84 Pedestrian Crossings 83 Footpaths 8-8 Cycle Facilities 8-8 Public Transport Facilities 8-9 Parking Facilities 8-12 General 8-12 Curbside - Parallel Parking 8-13 Curbside - Pangled parking 8-14 Parking Lots 8-15 Multi-storey Car Parks 8-17 Curbs 8-21 Fences 8-23 Safety Barriers 8-24Geometric Design Manual For Oubai Roads Index General 8-24 Warrants for use of Safety Barriers 8-25 Flexible Barriers 8-27 Semi-rigid Barriers 8-27 Rigid Barriers 8-28 End Treatments 8-28 Transitions 8-29 Selection of the Appropriate Type of Safety Barrier 8-29 Placement 8-31 Underground Obstructions 8-35 Existing Systems 8-35 Energy Absorbing Barriers 8-36 Traffic Calming 8-38 General 8-38 Objectives of Traffic Calming 8-38 Factors to be Considered 8-39 Types of Traffic Calming Measure 8-39 Traffic Engineering Measures 8-40 Visual or Aural Features 8-40 Horizontal Alinement Features 8-41 Vertical Alinement Features 8-43 Designing the Traffic Calmed Layout 8-43 Landscaping 8-44 Utilities 8-46 9 Local Roads 94 Introduction o-4 9.44 Rural Local Roads ot 91.2 Local Streets (urban) 94 92 Basic Design Parameters 9-2 9.24 Design Vehicle 9-2. 9.2.2 Design Speed 92 9.23 Levels of Service 9-3 9.2.4 Sight Distances 9-3 9.2.5 Grades 9-4 9.2.6 Superelevation and Crossfall 95 9.2.7 Horizontal Curvature 9-5 9.28 Widths 97 9.3 Intersections 98 94 Pedestrian Facilities 9-8 95 Traffic Calming 9-8 96 Turing Areas 98 97 Driveways 9-10 98 ‘Summary of Design Parameters 9-10 0-6 October 1999Geometnc Design Manual For Dubai Roads index 10 Collectors 10.1 Introduction 10-1 10.2 _ Basic Design Parameters 10-1 10.2.4 Design Vehicle 10-1 10.2.2 Design Speed 10-1 10.2.3 Levels of Service 10-2 10.2.4 Sight Distances 10-2 10.2.5 Grades 10-3 10.2.6 Superelevation and Normal Crossfall 10-3 10.2.7 Horizontal Curvature 10-3 10.2.8 Widths 10-4 10.3 _ Intersections 10-4 10.4 Pedestrian Facilities 10-4 10.4.4 Sidewalks 10-4 10.4.2 Pedestrian Crossings 10-4 10.5 Traffic Calming 10-5 10.6. Summary of Design Parameters 10-5 11 Arterial Roads WwW Introduction 144 11.2 Basic Design Parameters 14-1 W124 Design Vehicle 1-41 11.2.2 Design Speed Wt 11.2.3 Levels of Service 11-2 11.2.4 Sight Distances 11-2 11.2.5 Grades 11-3 11.2.6 Superelevation and Normal Crossfall 11-3 11.2.7 Horizontal Curvature 11-3 11.2.8 Widths 11-4 11.3 Intersections 11-4 114 Service Roads 11-5 115 Pedestrian Facilities 11-5 11.5.1 Sidewalks 11-5 11.5.2 Pedestrian Crossings 11-6 41.6 Summary of Design Parameters 11-6 12 Expressways and Freeways 12.4 Introduction 124 ra Basic Design Parameters 12-1 12.2.1 Design Vehicle 12-4 12.2.2 Design Speed 12-4 12.2.3 Levels of Service oo 12.2.4 Sight Distances 12-2 12.2.5 Grades 12-3Geometric Design Manual For Dubai Roads index 12.2.6 Superelevation and Normal Crossfall 12-3 12.2.7 Horizontal Curvature 12:3 12.2.8 Widths 123 12.3 Intersections 12:3 124 Service Roads 12-4 125 Pedestrian Facilities 12-4 12.6 | Summary of Design Parameters 12-4 13 Intersections - General 13.1 Introduction 13-4 13.2 Intersection spacing 13-4 13.3 Selection of intersection type 13-3 13.4 Design Vehicles 13-6 13.5 Siting of Intersections 13-6 13.6 __Intersection types (1) - Major / Minor Intersections 13-17 13.6.1 T Intersection (Three-leg) 13-7 13.6.2 Four-leg Intersection (Crossroads) 13-7 13.6.3 Staggered Four-leg Intersection 13-8 13.6.4 13.6.5 Signalization 13-9 13,7 _ Intersection types (2) - Roundabouts 13-10 13.8 Intersection types (3) - U-tums 13-11 13.9 _ Intersection types (4) - Signalized Intersection 13-11 13.10 __ Intersection types (5) - Interchanges 13-12 14 At Grade Intersections 14.1. Types of Major / Minor Intersection 144 14.2 3-leg Intersections 14-4 14.24 Simple T Intersection 14-4 14.2.2 Flared T with Minor Leg Splitter Island 14-3 14.2.3 T Intersection with Main Line Channelization 14-4 14.2.4 T Intersection on a Divided Road, with Median Opening 14-5 14.2.5 T Intersection on a Divided Road, without Median Opening 14-6 14.3 4-leg Intersections 14-7 14.3.4 Simple Crossroads 14-7 14.3.2 Staggered T Intersection 14-8 14.4 Capacity 14-9 14.5 Pedestrian Considerations 14-10 14.6 Design Speed 1410 14.7 Alinement 14-10 148 Visibility 14-12 14.8.1 General 14-12 14.8.2 Visibility on the Main Alinement 14-12 14.8.3 Visibility on the Minor Road Approach 14-42 0-8 October 1999Geometric Design Manual For Dubai Roads Index 14.8.4 Visibility for Emerging Vehicles 14-13 14.8.5 Visibility on Right-turning Roadways 14-14 14.9 Comer Radii 14-15 14.9.4 Comer radii where Right turning Occurs 14-16 14.9.2 Comer Radi where Right Turning does not Occur 14-17 14.9.3 Turning Radii in Right-turning Roadways 14-17 14.10 Lane Widths 1417 14.101 Lane Widths on Through Lanes 14-17 1410.2 Lane Widths on Left-turning Lanes on the Major Road 14-17 14.10.3 Lane Widths on Auxiliary Right-turning Lanes 14-18 14.104 Lane Widths on Right-turning Roadways 14-18 14.10.5 Lane Widths on the Minor Road Approach 14-20 14.11 Islands 14-20 14.414 General 14-20 14.11.2 Dimensions of Physical (curbed) Islands 14-21 14.11.38 Painted Islands 14-21 14.114 Physical (curbed) Islands 14-21 14.115 Offsets to Physical Islands 14-22 14.12 Tapers 14-23 14.12.41 Taper to Median Islands 14-23 14.122 Tapers to Auxiliary Left-tuming Lanes 14:24 14.123 Tapers to Right-turning Auxiliary Lanes 14-25 14.13 Right-turning Roadway Terminals 14-25 14-25 Deceleration and Queuing 14-26 14.14.41 Deceleration in Left-turning Auxiliary Lanes 14-27 14.14.2 Queuing in Left-turning Auxiliary Lanes 14:27 14.143 Deceleration in Right-turning Auxiliary Lanes 14-28 14.15 Acceleration 14-29 14.16 Turing Length 14-30 14.17 Staggered T Intersection Spacing 14-31 14.18 Drainage 14-31 14.19 Driveways 14-31 14.20 Summary of Design Process 14-33 15 Roundabouts 15.1 Introduction 1541 15.2 General Principles 15-1 15.3 General Features of a Roundabout 15-2 15.3.1 Layout 15-2 15.3.2 Number of Entries 15-3 15.3.3 Signalized Roundabouts 15-3 15.3.4 Mini-roundabouts 15-4 15.4 The Design Process 15-4 15.5 Minimum Size of Island 15-6 15.6 _Inscribed Circle Diameter 15-6Geomeirie Design Marual For Qubai Roads Index 15.7 Circulating Pavement 15-7 158 Entry Width 15-9 15.9 Flare Design 16-10 15.10 Entry Path Deflection 15-11 1.10.1 Constructing the Entry Path 15-13 15.10.2 Measuring the Entry Path Curvature 15-14 Achieving Entry Deflection 15-14 15.11 Entry Angle 15-15 15.12 Entry Radius 15-17 15.13 Grades 15-17 15.14 Exits 15-18 15.15 Vistility 15-18 15.15.1 Eye and Object Heights 15-18 1515.2 Obstructions within Visibility Envelopes 15-19 15.15.3 Visibility on the Approach 15-19 1515.4 Visibility to the Left 15-20 15.158 Forward Visibility at Entry 15-22 15.156 Circulating Visibility 15-22 1515.7 Pedestrian Crossing Visibility 15-23 15.16 Crossfall and Drainage 15-24 15.16.1 General 15-24 15.16.2 Entries 15-25 15.163 Circulating Pavement 15-25 15.16.4 Exits 15-26 15.17 Entry Curbing 15:26 15.18 Right-tuming Roadways 15-28 15.19 Safety at Roundabouts 15-29 16 U-turns 16.1 General 16-1 162 Entry Taper 16-4 16.3 Deceleration fength 16-5 16.4 Queue length and Protected length 166 16.5 Channelizing Nose Width 16-6 16.6 Reduced Median Width 16-7 16.7 —_Ustum Lane Width 16-7 16.8 Median Width 16-7 16.9 Mouth Treatment 16-7 16.10 Summary 16-8 16.11 U-turn Diameter 16-9 16.12 Median Widening 16-9 16.13 Local Bulbing 16-9 16.14 Jug Handle U-tums 16-13 16.15 Double-lane U-tuns 16-14 0-10 October 1999Geometric Design Manual For Dubai Roads Index 17 Signalized Intersections 17.1 General 17-4 17.2. Applicability of Major / Minor Intersection Principles 7A 17.3. Specific Requirements at Signalized Intersections 17-4 17.4 Width of Medians 17-2 17.5 Size of Islands 17-5 17.6 Vehicular Swept Paths 17-5 17.7 Location of Pedestrian Crossing Facilities 175 17.8 Width of Pedestrian Crossing Facilities 17-7 17.9 Summary 17-8 17.10 Designing for Queue Lengths in Right Turning Lanes 17-8 17.11 Signalized Roundabouts 17-8 17.12 U-tums at Signalized Intersections 17-9 17.13 Emergency Layby 17-4 Grade Separations and Interchanges General 18-1 ‘Types of Interchange 18-2 Selection of Intersection type 18-14- General 18-14 ‘System interchanges 18-14 Service interchanges 18-14 Route Strategy 18-14 Traffic Flows and Design Year 18-15 Interchange Spacing within the Network 18-15 Initial Information Requirements and Decisions 18-15 ‘Type of Interchange for Preliminary Design 18-16 Preliminary Designs 18-16 Lane Provision 18-17 Design Speed 18-19 Off-Ramp Terminal Design 18-20 Selection of Layout Type 18-20 Geometric Parameters for Off-ramp Terminals 18-20 Deceleration Distances 18-25 Forward Visibility 18-26 Superelevation 18-26 Left Off-ramps 18-26 Major Fork 18-26 On-Ramp Terminal Design 18-28 Selection of Layout Type 18-28 Geometric Parameters for On-ramp Terminals 18-28 Acceleration Distances 18-33 Forward Visibility 18-36 ‘Superelevation 18-36Geoineuric Design Manual For Qubar Roads Index 18.8 Connecting Roadways 18-36 18.8.1 Width 18-36 18.8.2 Shoulders and Lateral Clearances 18-36 18.8.2 Grade 18-37 18.8.3 Superelevation 18-37 18.8.4 Vertical Alinement - Effect on Horizontal Geometry 18-38 189 Spacing of Ramp Terminals 18-38 18.9.1 Possible Arrangements 18-38 18.9.2 Exit / Exit 18-39 18.9.3 Entry / Entry 18-39 18.9.4 Exit/ Entry 18-40 18.9.5 Entry / Exit 18-40 18.10 Weaving 18-41 18.11 Collector-Distributor Roads 18-42 18.12 Other Design Considerations 18-42 18.12.1 ‘Abnormal Load Requirements 18-42 18.12.2 Superelevation 18-42 18.12.3 Safety Barriers 18-43 18.124 Signing 18-43 18.125 Lighting 18-43 18.126 Utilities 18-43 18.127 Emergency Vehicles 18-44 18.128 Maintenance Provisions 18-44 18.12.9 Environmental Issues 18-44 18.12.16 Ramp Metering 18-45 0-12 October 1999Geometric Design Manual For Dubai Roads List of Tables List of Tables 1 Highway Network Table 1.1: The Dubai Functional Road Hierarchy 14 Table 1.2: Characteristics of Roads by Class 1-8 Table 1.3: Relationship between Route Designation and Hierarchy 1-9 2 Traffic Table 2. Characteristics of Level of Service for Road Sections 22 Table 2. Guidelines for Selecting Level of Service in Dubai 26 Table 2. Primary Measures of Effectiveness for LoS Definition 27 Table 2.4: Capacity for Use in Dubai 2-8 Table 2.5 : Passenger Car Equivalents of Trucks and Buses 29 Table 2. Design Vehicle Parameters 2-10 Table 2. Sidewalk Widths to Accommodate Pedestrian 212 Flows (at absolute capacity) 3 Design Speed Table 3.1: Design Speed by Road Class 3-2 Table 3.2: | Recommended Posted Speed 3-3 Table 3.3: Minimum Design Speed for Connecting Roadways 34 4 Sight Distance Table 4.1: Stopping Sight Distances for Design 44 Table 4.2: Safe Passing Sight Distance for Design 46 Table 4.3: Decision Sight Distance for Design 4-8 5. Horizontal Alinement Table 5.1: Maximum Superelevation 5-3 Table 5.2 : Side Friction Factors for Design 5-4 Table 5.3: Minimum Horizontal Curvature 5-5 Table 5.4: Basic Spiral Lengths for Minimum Rail at 6% 5-7 Superelevation Table 5.5: | Minimum Lane Width on Curves 5-10 Table 5.6a: Minimum Setback to Maintain Stopping Sight Distance 5-14 (Level road) Table 5.6b:; Minimum Setback to Maintain Safe Passing Sight Distance 5-12 Table 5.6c: Minimum Setback to Maintain Decision Sight Distance 5-13 Table 5.7: “Non-Preferred” Radii on Two-Way Undivided Roads 5-13 6 Vertical Alinement Table 6.1 : Maximum Grades 6-3 Table6.2: Critical Grade Lengths 6-3Geometric Design Manual For Dubai Roads List of Tables Table 6.3: Minimum Grades 64 Table 6.4 Minimum Vertical Curvature for Divided Roads 66 Table 6: Minimum Crest K values for Decision Sight Distance 66 Table 6. Minimum Crest K Values to Permit Passing on 67 Two-way two-lane Undivided Roads Table6.7: ‘Nonpreferred” Crest K values on Two-Way Two-Lane 67 Undivided Roads Table 6.8: Additional Clearance to be Provided on Sag Curves 6-24 7 Cross-Sectional Elements Table 7.1: Typical Overall Width of the Right of Way in Dubal 73 Table 7.2: Shoulders and Curb Clearances TAO Table 7.3: Clear Zone Width 7 Table 7.4: Desirable Minimum Lateral Clearance to Safety Barriers 7A2 Table 7.5: Normal Lane Widths TAB Table7.6: Minimum Median Widths for Certain Functions 714 Table 7.7: Median Widths TAT Table7.8-: Maximum Cross Slopes 7-18 8 Highway Facilities Table 8.1: Preferred Minimum Width of Sidewalk 8-2 Table 8.2: Sidewalk Widths to Accommodate Pedestrian Flows 83 Table 8.3: Width of at-grade Pedestrian Crossings 86 Table 8.4: Curbside Angled Parking - Width Occupied within 8-14 Cross Section of the Road Table 8.5: Curbside Angled Parking - Minimum Width for 815 Adjacent Through Lane Table 8.6: Parking Lot Dimensions 8-17 Table 8.7 Guidance on the Provision of Safety Barriers 8-26 Table 8.8 Criteria for choice of Barrier Type 8-30 Table 8.9 Suggested Setback from Edge of Traveled Way 831 Clearance between Barrier and Object Being Protected 8-32 Typical Flare Rates 8-32 Runout Length 8-33 9 Local Roads Table 9.1: Stopping Sight Distances and associated Vertical 93 Curvature for Local Roads and Streets Table 9.2: Safe Passing Sight Distances and associated Vertical 9-4 Curvature for Local Roads and Streets Table9.3: Minimum Radius for Rural Local Roads -! 9-5 Table 9.4 : Minimum Radius for Urban Major Local Streets 9-6 Table 9.5 Side Friction Factors for Design of Urban Minor Local Streets 9-6 Table 9.6 Minimum Radii for Curves on Urban Minor Local Streets 9-6 Table 9.7 : Lane Widths on Local Roads 9-7 0-14 October 1999Geometric Design Mauual For Dubai Roads List of Tables Table 9.8: Summary of Geometric Parameters for Local Roads 9-10 and Streets 10 Collectors Table 10.1: Stopping Sight Distances and associated Vertical 10-2 Curvature for Collectors Table 10.2: Safe Passing Sight Distances and associated 10-3 Vertical Curvature for undivided Collectors Table 10. Minimum Radius for Collectors 10-3 Table 10.4: Summary of Geometric Parameters for Collectors 10-5 11 Arterial Roads Table 11.1: Stopping Sight Distances and Associated Vertical 11-2 Curvature for Arterials Table 11.2: Decision Sight Distances and Associated Vertical 11-3 Curvature for Arterials Table 11.3: Minimum Radius for Arterials 11-4 Table 11.4: Preferred Sidewalk Width for Arterial Roads 11-5 Table 11. Summary of Geometric Parameters for Primary Arterials 11-6 Table 11, Summary of Geometric Parameters for Secondary Arterials. 11-7 12 Expressways and Freeways Table 12.1: Stopping Sight Distances and Associated Vertical 12-2 Curvature for Expressways and Freeways Table 12.2: Decision Sight Distances and Associated Vertical 12-2 Curvature for Expressways and Freeways Minimum Radius for Expressways and Freeways 12-3 Summary of Geometric Parameters for Expressways 12-4 Summary of Geometric Parameters for Freeways 12-5 13 Intersections - General Table 13.1: Indicative Minimum Intersection Spacings 13-3 Table 13. Permitted Intersection Types in Urban Areas 13-5 Table 13.3: Permitted Intersection Types in Rural Areas 13-5 14 At Grade Intersections Table 14. Suitable Major / Minor Intersection Types 14-2 Table 14. Side Friction Factors for Intersection Design 14-14 Table 14. Minimum Radii for Intersection Curves. 14-11 Table 14. X Distances for Crossing Sight Triangle 14-14 Table 14. Y Distances for Crossing Sight Triangle 14-14 Table 14. Comer Radii at Major / Minor Intersections 14-16 Table 14. Three-Centered Comer Radii for Semitrailers 14:17 Table 14.8: Width of Single-Lane Right-Tuming Roadways 14-19Geometre Design Manual For Dubai Roads List of Tables Width of Two-lane Right-turning Roadways 14-19 ‘Taper Rates to Median Islands 14-24 Left-turning Auxiliary Lane Taper 14-24 Right-tuming Auxiliary Lane Taper Length 14-25 Minimum Deceleration Length in Left-turning Auxiliary Lanes 14-27 Speed Assessment for Right Turns at Intersections 14-28 Table 14.15: Acceleration in Auxiliary Lanes 14-30 15 Roundabouts Table 15.1: Typical Minimum Inscribed Circle Diameters by 15-7 Design Vehicle Table 15.2: Minimum Width of Circulating Pavement 15-8 Table 15.3: __ Visibility at Roundabouts 15-20 16 U-turns U-turn Entry Tapers 16-5 U-turn Deceleration Length (M) 16-5 Summary of Various Geometric Factors 16-8 Minimum U-turn Diameter 16-9 Local Bulbing - Recommended Dimensions 16-12 Table 16.6: Jug Handle U-turn Dimensions 16-14 17 Signalized Intersections Table 17.1: Minimum Median Width At Signalized Intersections 17-3 Table 17.2: Minimum Width Of Median At Signalized Intersections 17-4 Table 17.3: Safe Crossing Sight Distance For Uncontrolled 17-6 Pedestrian Crossing Of Single-lane Right Turning Roadway Table 17.4: Width Of Pedestrian Crossings At Signalized Intersections 17-7 18 Grade Separations And Interchanges Table 18.1: Types of Interchange 18-2 Table 18.2: Design Speeds For Connecting Roadways 18-19 Table 18.3 : Distance to Effect Deceleration at Change of 18-25 Design Speed - Level Road Table 18.4 : Distance to Effect Acceleration at Change 18-33 of Design Speed - Level Road Table 18.4a ; Distance to Effect Acceleration at Change 18-34 of Design Speed - 3% and 4% Up-grade Table 18.4 : Distance to Effect Acceleration at Change 18-34 of Design Speed - 5% and 6% Up-grade Table 18.4¢ : Distance to Effect Acceleration at Change 18-35 of Design Speed - 3% and 4% Down-grade Table 18.4d : Distance to Effect Acceleration at Change 18-35 of Design Speed - 5% and 6% Down-grade Table 18.5 : Maximum Grades on Connecting Roadways 18-37 0-16 October 1999Geometric Design Manual For Dubai Roads List of Tables Table 18.6 Table 18.7 Table 18.8 Table 18.9 Minimum Spacing Between Successive Exits Minimum Spacing Between Successive Entries Minimum Spacing Between an Exit and the Following Entry Spacing Criteria for Entry / Exit ArrangementsGeometric Design Manual For Dubai Roads List of Figures List of Figures Page No 4 Highway Network Figure 1.1: Illustration of the Functional Road Hierarchy 12 Figure 1.2: Dubai Functional Road Hierarchy 2012 13 4 Sight Distance Figure 4.1: Visibility envelope for Stopping Sight Distance 42 Figure 4.2: Visibility envelope for Safe Passing Sight Distance 45 5. Horizontal Alinement Figure 5.1: Typical arrangement of Transition Curve 56 Figure 5.2: Development of Superetavation 59 Figure 5.3: Application of Pavement Widening on curves 5tt Figure $.4 The Effect of a Short Curve between two Straights 514 Figure 5.5: Angular geometry on a Local Road 5415 Figure §.6 : Curved geometry on a Local Road 516 Figure 5.7: Summary of Alinement Features on Divided Roads 517 6 Vertical Alinement Figure 6.1: Types of Vertical Curve 6-5 Figure 6.2: Short Sag Curve 69 Figure 6.3: Preferred Longer Sag Curve 69 Figure 6.4: Tangent between Two Sag Curves 6-10 Figure 6.5: Poor Visual Appearance of the Arrangement in Figure 6.4. 610 Figure 6.6: Effect of a Short Crest 611 Figure 6.7: Effect of a Short Reverse Curve 614 Figure 6.8: Appearance with Long Crests and Short Sag 612 Figure 6.9: Appearance with Shorter Crests and Longer Sag 6-12 Figure 6.10 : Undesirable Terrace Effect 6-13 Figure 6.11: Summary of Vertical Alinement Features 6-14 Figure 6.12 : Co-ordination of Horizontal and Vertical Geometry 6-15 Figure 6.13: Unsympathetic Co-ordination of Plan and Profile 6-16 Figure 6.14 : Limited Improvement by use of Overlaps 6-16 Figure 6.15: Further improvement by Sympathetic Co-ordination 6-17 Figure 6.16: Undesirable Combinations of Alinements 617 to figure 16.25: to 6-20 Figure 6.26: Summary of Undesirable Alinement Combinations 6-21 Figure 6.27: Summary of Desirable Alinement Combinations 6-22 7 Cross-Sectional Elements Figure 7.1: Cross-sectional elements 7.2 0-18 October 1999Geometne Design Manual For Oubai Roats List of Figures 8 Highway Facilities Figure 8.1 Dropped Curb 8-7 Figure 8.2 Preferred Bus Bay Layout 8-9 Figure 8.3 Bus Stops at Intersections 8-12 Figure 8.4 Parking Bay Dimensions 8-16 Figure 8.5 Common Multi-storey Car Park Structures 8-19 Figure 8.6 Typical Curb Sections 8-22 Figure 8.7 Safety Barrier Elements 8-24 Figure 8.8 Length of Need 8-35 Figure 8.9 Traffic Calming Layout using Planted Median 8-42 Figure 8.10 : Traffic Calming Layout using Pinch Point 8-42 9 Local Roads Figure 9.1 Typical Turning Areas 9-9 Figure 9.2a : One way, One lane Local Street with Parallel ott Parking-residential /commercial. (Row 40') Figure 9.2 ‘One way, One lane Local Street with Parallel 9-12 Parking-residential commercial. (Row 60') Figure 9.3 One way, One lane Local Street with ParalleV/angled 9-13 Parking-residential commercial. (Row 60') Figure 9.4 Two way, Two lane Local Street with Parallel 9-14 Parking- residential /commercial. (Row 60') Figure 9.5 Two way, Two lane Local Street with Parallel 9-15 Parking residential /commercial. (Row 80') Figure 9.6 ‘Two way, Two lane Local Street with Parallel/angled 9-16 Parking residential/commercial. (Row 80') Figure 9.7 ‘Two way, Two lane Local Street with Angled Parking 9-17 residential commercial. (Row 80') Figure 9.8 ‘Two way, Two-lane Local Street with Parallel Parking 918 - Industrial (Row 40') Figure 9.9 Two way, Two Lane Local Street - Rural (Row 40') 9-19 Figure 9.11 : Two way, Two Lane Local Street - Rural (Row 60') 9-20 Figure 9-11 : Typical Sika Cross Section (Row 20') 9-21 10 Co! llectors Figure 10.1. : Two way, Two lane Collector with 10-6 Parallel Parking - residential/commercial (Row 80') Figure 10.2: Two way, Two Lane Collector with ParalleV/angled Parking 10-7 residentiacommercial (Row 80') Figure 10.3 : Two way, Two Lane Collector with Angled 10-8 parking residentialcommercial (Row 95') Figure 10.4: Two way, Four Lane Collector with Parallel Parking 10-9 - residential /commercial (Row 125') Figure 10.5 : Two way, Four Lane Collector with Parallel/angled 10-10Geometric Design Manual For Oubar Roads List of Figures Parking - Commercial (Row 125') Figure 10.6 : Two way, Two lane collector with parallel parking 10-11 -industrial (Row 95') Figure 10.7: Two way Four Lane collector with parallel parking 10-12 - industrial (Row 125) Figure 10.8 : Two way, Two Lane Collector - Rural (Row 80') 10-13 Figure 10.9 : Two way, Two Lane Collector - Rural (Row 95') 10-14 Figure 10.10 : Two way, Four Lane Collector - Rural (Row 125") 10-15 11 Arterial Roads Figure 11.1 ‘Two way, Four Lane Secondary Arterial with Service Road 11-8 and Parallel Parking - residential/commercial (Row 150') Figure 11.2 : Two way, Four Lane Secondary Arterial with Service Road 11-9 and Parallel Parking - residential/commercial (Row 180’) Figure 11.3: Two way, Six Lane Secondary Arterial with Service Road 11-10 and Parallel Parking - residential/commercial (Row 180') Figure 11.4. : Two way, Six Lane Secondary Arterial with Service Road 1-14 and Angled Parking - residential/commercial (Row 200') Figure 11.5 : Two way, Four Lane Secondary Arterial - Rural (Row 125’) 11-12 Figure 11.6 : Two way, Four-lane Secondary Arterial Rural - (Row 180) 11-13 Figure 11.7: Two way, Four-lane Secondary Arterial Industrial - (Row 150’) 11-14 Figure 11.8 : Two way, Six-lane Primary Arterial with Service Road and = 11-15 Angled Parking - residential/commercial (Row 220') Figure 11.9 : Two way, Eight lane Primary Arterial with Service Road 11-16 and Angled Parking residential/commercial (Row 250’) Figure 11.10 : Two way, Eight lane Primary Arterial with Service Road 11-17 and Angled Parking residential/commercial (Row 280') Figure 11.11: Example road configuration, Primary Arterial 11-18 ~ rural (Row 220’) Figure 11.12: Example road configuration, Primary Arterial 11-19 ~ rural (Row 250') 12 Expressways and Freeways Figure 12.1: Two way, Six Lane Expressway with Service Road and 126 Angled Parking (Row 300') Figure 12.2: Two way, Eight lane Expressway with Service Road and 12-7 Angle Parking (Row 300") Figure 12.3 : Two way, Eight Lane Freeway (Row 300’) 128 13 Intersections - General Figure 13.1 : Guidance on Initial Selection of Intersection Type 13-4 Figure 13.2: Simple T Intersection 13-7 Figure 13.3: Simple Four-leg Intersection 13-8 Figure 13.4: Staggered Intersection 13-9 0-20 October 1999Geometric Design Manual For Dubai Roads List of Figures Figure 13.5: Typical four-leg roundabout 13-10 Figure 13.6 : Typical U-turn 13-44 Figure 13.7: Typical Four-leg Signalized Intersection 13-12 Figure 13.8 : Diamond Interchange 13-13 Figure 13.9: Typical Free-flow Interchange 13-13 14 At Grade Intersections Figure 14.1. : Simple T intersection 14-3 Figure 14.2: Flared T with Minor Leg Splitter Island 14-4 Figure 14.3: T intersection with Main Line Channelization 14-5 Figure 14.4: T intersection on a Divided Road, with Median Opening 14-6 Figure 14.5: T intersection on a Divided Road, without Median Opening 14-7. Figure 14.6 : Simple Crossroads 14-8 Figure 14.7: Staggered T Intersection 14-9 Figure 14.8: Sight Triangles 14-13 Figure 14.9: Three-centered Compound Curve 14-16 Figure 14.10 : Auxiliary Right-turning Lane 14-18 Figure 14.11 : | Minor Road Approach with Splitter Island 14-20 Figure 14.12 : Nose Down at the End of a Median Island 14-22 Figure 14.13 : Offsets to Curbed Median Islands 14-22 Figure 14.14: Offsets to Curbed Triangular Islands 14-23 Figure 14.15 : Right turning Roadway Terminals 14-26 Figure 14.16: Deceleration Length in Right-turn Auxiliary Lane 14-29 Figure 14.17 : Summary of Design Process for Major / Minor Intersections 14-33 15 Roundabouts Figure 15.1: Typical Roundabout Layout 15-2 Figure 15.2: Roundabout Design Process 15-5 Figure 15.3 : Measurement of the Inscribed Circle Diameter 15-6 Figure 15.4 : Entry Width 15-9 Figure 15.5 : Entry Path Curvature 15-11 Figure 15.6 : Entry Path Curvature (negative approach curvature) 15-12 Figure 15.7: Entry Path Curvature (positive approach curvature) 15-12 Figure 15.8 : Entry Path Curvature (roundabout at a T intersection) 15-13 Figure 15.9 : Entry Deflection by Staggering Approach Roads 15-14 Figure 15.10 : Enlarged Islands to Achieve Satisfactory Deflection 15-15 Figure 15.11; Measurement of Entry Angle 15-16 Figure 15.12: Example of too Small an Entry Angle 15-16 (with substandard deflection) Figure 15.13 :_ Example of too Large an Entry Angle 15-17 (with excessive deflection) Figure 15.14: Stopping Sight Distance on Approach to Roundabout 15-19 Figure 15.15 : Visibility to the left from the Give Way Line 15-21 Figure 15.16 : Visibility to the left over the 15m before the Give Way Line 15-21 Figure 15.17 : Forward Visibility for Approaching Traffic 15-22Geometric Design Manual For L Dubai Roads ist of Figures Figure 15.18 : Circulating Visibility Figure 15.19 : Visibility to Pedestrian Crossings Figure 15.20 : Arrangement for Crossfall using Crown Line Joining Islands Figure 15.21 : Shoulder run-out on an Undivided Road Figure 15.22 : Shoulder run-out on a Divided Road 16 U-turns Figure 16.1: Elements of a Standard U-tum Figure 16.2 : Typical setting out for U-turn Mouth Figure 16.3 : Local Bulbing Layouts Figure 16.4: Jug handle U-turn Figure 16.5 : Typical Details for a Double-Lane Signalized U-Tum (Cars Only) 17 Signalized Intersections Figure 17.1. : “Sheep pen” arrangement for pedestrians at signals Figure 17.2; Selected features of signalized intersections Figure 17.3: Widening for U-turns at signalized intersections (with right turing roadway) Figure 17.4: Widening for U-tums at signalized intersections (with no right turning roadway) Figure 17.5: Emergency layby at signals 18 Grade Separations and Interchanges Figure 18.1: Trumpet Interchange Figure 18.2: Half-cloverteaf Interchange Figure 18.3: 3-eg direct Interchange Figure 18.4 : Cloverleaf Interchange Figure 18.5 : 4-Leg Direct Interchanges Figure 18.6: 4-Leg Hybrid Interchange (example) Figure 18.7: Partial Cloverleaf Interchange Figure 18.8 : Diamond interchanges Figure 18.9 : Dumbbell Interchange Figure 18.10 : Grade Separated Roundabout Figure 18.11 : Correlation of lane balance with continuity requirements Figure 18.12 : Taper Type Off-Ramp (1-lane) Figure 18.13 : Parallel Type Off-Ramp (1-lane) Figure 18.14 : Taper Type Off-Ramp (2-lane with lane drop) Figure 18.15 : Parallel Type Otf-Ramp (2-lane without lane drop) Figure 18.16: Major Fork Figure 18.17 : Taper Type On-Ramp (1-lane) Figure 18.18 : Parallel Type On-Ramp (1-lane) Figure 18.19 : Taper Type On-Ramp (2-lane with lane gain) Figure 18.20 : Parallel Type On-Ramp (2-lane with lane gain) 15-23, 15-24 15-26 15-27 15-27 16-4 16-8 16-11 16-13, 16-15, 17-4 17-8 17-10 17-10 1712 18-3 18-4 18-5 18-6 18-7 18-8 18-9 18-11 18-12 18-13 18-18 18-21 18-22 18-23 18-24 18-27 18-29 18-30 18-31 18-32 October 1999Geometne Design Manual For Dubai Roads List of Plates List of Plates 1 Highway Network Plate 1.1 Typical Freeway Plate 12: Typical Expressway Plate 1.3: Typical Primary Arterial Plate 1.4: Typical Secondary Arterial Plate 1.5: Typical Collector Plate 1.6: Typical Local Road in an urban area Plate 1.7: Aerial view of an urban neighborhood 2 Traffic Plate 2.1 Level of Service A Plate2.2 Level of Service B Plate2.3. : _Leveloof Service C Plate 2.4: Level of Service D Plate2.5 : Level of Service E Plate 2.6: Level of Service F 6 Vertical Alinement Plate 6.1: Alinement would be Improved by the use of a Horizontal Curve rather than a Straight on the Embankment Plate 6.2: Short Sag Curve on Straight following a Horizontal Curve gives the Appearance of a Kink 7 Cross-Sectional Elements Plate 7.1 Safety Barrier Protection to Embankment Side Slope Plate72 : 6m Wide Curbed Median with a 0.6m Curt Clearance Plate7.3: 3.5m Wide Median at Signalized Pedestrian Crossing Plate 7.4: 6m Wide Median with some Landscaping Plate7.5 : Wide Median Enables Effective Landscaping Plate 7.6: Service Road with Parallel Parking and 1.2m Outer Separation Plate 7.7: Service Road with Parallel and Angled Parking and Wide Outer Separation 8 Highway Facilities Plate 8.1 Grade Separated Pedestrian Crossing Plate 8.2 : Dropped Curb at a Signalized Pedestrian Crossing Plate 8.3: Small Bus Bay on a Secondary Arterial Plate 8.4: A Signalized Pedestrian Crossing near a Bus Stop Plate8.5 : Parking Lot Laid Out With a 90-degree Angle Plate 8.6 : Barrier Protecting an Obstruction in the Shoulder Page No bs Ndboan 75 7-9 7-15 7-16 TAT 7-20 7-21 8-5 8-8 8-10 8-11 8-16 8-33Geometric Design Manual For Quba: Roads List of Plates Plate 8.7 Energy Absorbing Barrier Protection to Obstruction Located 8-37 in the gore Area Plate 8.8 Hard landscaping used to Protect Embankment, with 8-44 Contrasting Soft Landscaping Area 14 At Grade Intersections Plate 14.1 Simple T intersection with a Minor Leg Splitter Island 14-3 Plate 14.2 T intersection on a Divided Arterial, with Median Opening 14-6 Plate 14.3 T intersection on a Divided Arterial, without Median Opening 14-7 15 Roundabouts Plate 15.1 ‘Three-Leg Roundabout on a Secondary Arterial 15-3 Plate 15.2 Right Tuming Roadway at a Roundabout 15-28 16 U-turns Plate 16.1 Widening of the Median to Accommodate U-turns 163 Plate 16.2 Local Bulbing on an Urban Primary Arterial 16-10 Plate 16.3 Local Bulbing on a Secondary Arterial 16-10 Plate 16.4 Local Bulbing in use in Dubai 16-11 17 Signalized Intersections Plate 17.1: Typical Signalized Intersection with Channelizing Islands 17-2 ‘on one Approach and Right-turning Roadways Plate 17.2 Typical Pedestrian Crossing at a Signalized Intersection 17-3 with 1.2m width Median and a Channelizing Island Plate 17.3 Uncontrolled Pedestrian Crossing of a Right-turning Roadway 17-7 with Adequate Safe Crossing Sight Distance Plate 17.4 Example of a Roundabout with Signalization Added 17-9 Plate 17.5 Local Bulbing at U-turn at Signalized Intersection 17-141 0-24 October 1999Geometric Design Manual For Dubai Roads Glossary Glossary 30th-highest Hourly Volume (30 HV) 85th Percentile Speed Abutment Acceleration Lane Access Road Acoustic Fence Adverse Camber Aisle Angled Parking Animal Fence ‘Average Annual Daily Traffic (AADT) Asterial (Road) At-grade Intersection Auxillary Lane Auxiliary Length Backing Board ‘The hourly traffic volume which is only exceeded on 29 hours within the year. ‘The speed at or below which 85 percent of the vehicles are traveling. ‘The solid structure from which a bridge springs. ‘A speed change lane to enable a vehicle entering a road to increase its speed to merge with through traffic. Road providing access to a local area or individual properties from a Local (or Distributor) road. A fence used to contain or limit the effects of road traffic noise. Camber which hinders, rather than assists, drivers on a curve. ‘The area within a Parking Lot reserved for the movement of vehiles. Parking in which the vehicle is aligned at an angle to the curb or, in a parking lot, to the axis of the aise. ‘fence used to prevent animals trom entering the road right of way. Total two-way traffic volume in a period of one year, divided by the number of days in the year. ‘A toad primarity for the movement of through traffic, which also gives access to abutting properties as a secondary function. ‘Access is generally controlled by at-grade intersections (signalized or roundabouts) but grade separated intersections are also used. Arterials normally ink Collectors with Freeways or Expressways. ‘An intersection where all carriageways join or cross at the same level. The portion of the carriageway adjoining the travelled way for weaving, truck climbing, speed change, or for other purposes supplementary to through traffic movement. The length of an Auxiliary Lane. The plate mounted behind a traffic signal head, to improve conspicuity and to aid perception of the signals in bright sunlight.Geometric Design Manual For Dubai Roads Glossary Backslope Bar Markings Bench Berm Blocked Out W-Beam Block Paving Boundary Fence Box Beam Braking Distance Bridge Broken Back Curve Butfer Lane Build-out Bulb Offset Bus Bus Layby Bus Stop In cuts, the slope from the bottom of the ditch to the top of the cut. Colored road markings laid across the traveled way as a form of, traffic calming. ‘Alevel area on the side of a cut slope, for stability purposes. (1) Araised and elongated area of earth intended to direct a flow of water, screen headlight glare, or reduce noise. (2) Embankment widening to provide lateral support for the roadway. ‘A orm of Safety Barrier using a corrugated beam mounted forwards of its posts. A surface constructed from interlocking blocks, normally of clay or concrete. A fence used to delineate and separate private property from the road right of way. ‘A form of Safely Barrier using a closed box-section beam. The distance required to stop a vehicle from the time at which brake application begins. Structure supporting a road or pedestrian walkway over an area to be crossed. ‘An arrangement of curves in which a short tangent separates two curves in the same direction. ‘An area of pavement adjacent to a parking bay to assist drivers undertaking parking and unparking maneuvers. A trattic calming device consisting of a local protrusion of the sidewalk into the pavement area to narrow the vehicular traveled way. The lateral dimension {rom the edge of the Traveled Way to the back of the pavement of the Local Bulbing of a U-turn. Aheavy vehicle designed for the transport of passengers, generally on a public transportation basis. ‘Alocally-widened area of pavement at a Bus Stop, which allows ‘a bus to stand clear of the traveled way. (Sometimes referred to as a Bus Turnout.) A designated place for buses in service to set down and pick up passengers. Ociober 1999Geoineiric Design Manual For Dubai Roads Glossary Cable Fence Camber Capacity Catchment CCTV Coverage C-D Road Centerline Channel Channel Block Channel Grading Channelizing Island Channelizing Nose Chicane Clearance Length A form of Safety Barrier comprising (normally four) strands of tensioned cable, A slight arch designed or buit into a structure to compensate for the natural deflection which will occur after loading is applied. ‘The maximum number of vehicles which has a reasonable expectation of passing over a given section of a lane or road, during a given time period under prevailing road and traffic conditions. It is normally given in units of vehicles (or Passenger Car Equivalent Units) per hour (per lane). ‘An area which feeds rainfall to a specific point. Surveillance by means of closed-circuit television, (See Collector-Distributor Road.) (1) For an undivided road, the centerline is the middie of the traveled way. For a divided road the centerline is, the middie of the median. For a divided road with two independently designed pavements, each pavement has its own centerline. (2) The defined and surveyed line shown on the plans from which the highway construction is controlled. (1) Apaved and generally shallow watercourse. (2) The lower edge of the surface of a pavement; the gutter, if the road is curbed. A form of curb with an integral drainage pipe. The use of varying camber to create rise and fall along the ‘channel line, for the purposes of achieving adequate drainage falls on an otherwise near-level pavement.. ‘A narrow istand, used mainly at signalized intersections, which separates two traffic streams which will move in divergent directions, A narrow protrusion in the median, parallel to the road centerline, which serves to protect vehicles waiting in a U- turning queue. A traffic calming device comprising a pair of build-outs on alternate sides of the road but not opposite each other, which create horizontal deflections that can only be negotiated by vehicles traveling at low speeds. Ina Passing maneuver, the distance traveled by a driver returning to his original lane, allowing for a suitable safety margin.Geoinetric Design Manual For Dubai Roads Glossary Clear Zone Climbing Lane (Full) Cloverleaf Interchange Collector.(Road) Collector-Distributor (C-D) Road Commercial Area Compound Circular Curve Connecting Roadways (ramps) Crash Cushion Crest Vertical Curve Crossfall Crossroads Cross Slope Cul-de-Sac Culvert ‘An area adjacent to the outer edge of the pavement within which obstructions should not be sited, or, if so sited, require to be protected by Safety Barriers. ‘An Auxiliary Lane provided for slower moving traffic on an up- grade. ‘A four-leg interchange with loops for all left turns, and direct connections for allright turns. (See also Partial Cloverieat Interchange.) ‘A toad which provides land access and traffic circulation service within residential, commercial and industrial urban areas or in scattered rural areas. Collectors generally ink Local Roads with Arterials. ‘A.road parallel to @ main highway on which merging, weaving and diverging movements take place, clear of through traffic on the main fine, ‘An area of land in which the dominant use is shopping and ‘commercial business. ‘A curve comprising two or more circular arcs of different radius, joined end-to-end in one direction. Free-Flow Links, Ramps or Loops at an Interchange. A safely barrier designed to absorb the kinetic energy of an errant vehicle. A vertical curve having a convex shape in profile. ‘The grade measured across the width of a section of pavement. This is normally downwards from the centeriine, but on curves, superelevation may be applied downwards from the outside edge of the curve. ‘A four-leg Major / Minor Intersection. ‘An embankment approximately at right angles to the centreline of a road, for example at a side road or at the crossing of a depressed median. ‘A Minor Road which connects at one end only to the road network, the other being a dead-end. ‘A closed conduit which conveys water carried in a natural channel or waterway below a road from one side to the other. A cunert may also be provided for services and oil pipelines. Culverts may be prefabricated pipes of concrete, steel, or October 1999Geometric Design Manual For Dubai Roads Glossary vitrified clay, or they may be cast-in-place structures of reinforced concrete, such a box culverts or arch culverts. Curve Widening ‘The widening of a pavement on a sharp curve to compensate {or the fact that the rear wheels of a vehicle do not follow exactly in the tracks of the front wheels. Curb A structure with a vertical, sloping or horizontal face placed Curb Clearance Cut (or Cutting) Debris Verge Deceleration Lane Deceleration Length Decision Sight Distance (DSD) Design Hour Volume (DHV) Design Life Design Speed Design Vehicles along the edge of a pavement, forming part of a gutter and strengthening or protecting the edge and controling access. ‘The amount by which the outer edge of a lane should be separated from an adjacent parallel curb, in recognition of drivers’ Shy Distance. ‘The excavation needed to construct a road below natural ground level. ‘A verge provided within a rock cutting which is designed to retain material dislodged from the rock face. A speed-change lane that enables a vehicle to slow to a safe exit speed when turning off a road. The length of road required for vehicles to slow down or stop safely. ‘The minimum distance over which a driver detects and recognizes a need for action, decides and responds to that need, and safely undertakes the necessary maneuver. It is applied where the information is unexpected or the source is ficult to perceive. The tratfic volume for the design hour in the peak direction of flow, this usually being a forecast of the relevant future peak hour volume. The 30th highest hourly volume of the design year (30 HV) is often used for this purpose. ‘The number of years of intended service life of a facility before the first major rehabilitation or reconstruction. A speed selected for purposes of design and correlation of the geometric features of a road. Its the highest continuous speed at which individual vehicles can travel with safety when weather conditions are favorable, traffic density is low and the geometric design features of the highway are the governing conditions for safe speed. Selected motor vehicles whose weight, dimensions, and operating characteristics are used to establish highway design controls for accommodating vehicles of designated classes.Geometric Design Manual For Qubai Roads Glossary Design Year Diamond Interchange Ditch Diverge Divided Road Downstream Driveway Dropped Curb Dumbbell Intersection Earthworks Elevated Highway Embankment Emergency Vehicle Emergency Layby Energy Absorbing Barrier Entry Taper Entry Treatment Exit ‘The future year whose predicted traffic levels are used to design a road facility. A time 10 to 20 years from the start of construction is usually used, ‘A our-leg grade separated intersection with a single one-way ramp in each quadrant. Allleft turns are made at-grade on the minor road. ‘Atrench in the earth for drainage purposes. Amovement in which a single stream of traffic separates into two streams traveling in different directions without the aid of traffic control devices. ‘Aroad provided with a median separating two streams of traffic traveling in opposite directions. ‘The direction towards which traffic is flowing. ‘The connection between the Traveled Way and the boundary of adjoining private property served by the road. {A facility, provided by localized lowering of the curb, to allow the safe and convenient movement of pedestrians (particularly those in wheelchairs) from a sidewalk across a road. ‘A diamond intersection which uses two roundabouts to connect the ramps to the minor road. ‘The cut and fill necessary to construct the road. Anhighway on structure (oF fill) above the level of the adjacent ground. Araised earth structure, normally carrying a road. ‘A vehicle belonging to the armed forces, civil defense, police, fire service or ambulance service; or any other designated vehicle used for answering emergency calls for assistance. A layby provided at a signalized intersection for the purposes of operatives undertaking signal equipment maintenance or ‘emergency manual operation, of for police presence. A safety barrier designed to absorb the kinetic energy of an errant vehicle (also known as a Crash Cushion). The Taper leading in to a U-turn Auxiliary Lane. Visual elements to indicate to a driver that he/she is entering a tratfic-calmed area. The point at which tratfic leaves one road to travel to another. October 1999Geometric Design Manual For Dubai Roads Glossary Expressway False roundabout Fence Fill Flare Footbridge Footpath Freeway Fully Grade-separated Intersection Gantry Gateway Gore Grade Grade-separation Grade-separated Roundabout Grading ‘A mutilane, divided road designed to move large volumes of {traffic at speed under free flow conditions. Expressways have {ull control of access, with grade separated intersections, but some access to major frontage uses may be provided by means of service roads connected by free-flow ramps, A tratfic calming device consisting of a small roundabout where there is no intersecting road. Physical item placed within the road corridor to define an area or to contain @ use. Examples include Acoustic Fences, Animal Fences, Boundary Fences and Pedestrian Fences, as well as Headlight Barriers and Safety Barriers. The material used to construct an embankment. The lead-in to a Safety Barrier installation, in which the barrier is sited progressively closer to the edge of the Traveled Way. A Bridge provided for the exclusive use of Pedestrians. A facility within the road corridor, but remote from the road ‘edge, provided specifically for the use of pedestrians. ‘A multi-lane, divided road, designed to the highest standards to move large volumes of traffic at speed under free flow conditions. Freeways are provided with shoulders, and have {ull control of access, with all intersections being grade separated. ‘An Interchange which has no at-grade intersections. A signal or sign support structure spanning above a road. A form of Entry Treatment to a tratfic-calmed area. The area located immediately between the left edge of a ramp pavement and the right edge of the main line pavement at a Ramp Terminal. The profile of the centre of the carriageway, or its rate of ascent or descent. Allocation where one or more traffic streams crosses above or below other traffic stream(s) by means of a bridge or similar structure. ‘A grade-separated intersection in which all the ramps are ‘connected fo a single roundabout; a roundabout provided with. an overpass / underpass. ‘Shaping or reshaping earth by means of cutting or filing.Geometric Design Manual For Dubai Roads Glossary Half-cloverleat Interchange Headlight Fence Headroom Headwall Headway Highway Horizontal Alinement Horizontal Curve Ideal Con Independent Alignment Industrial Area Initial Maneuver Inner Lane Interchange Interlock ‘A paved and generally shallow watercourse provided along a road for carrying surface water drainage. A three-leg interchange with loops for all left turns, and direct connections for all right turns. {A fence provided to eliminate or minimize the glare from the headlights of oncoming vehicles. ‘The minimum available vertical clearance above the road pavement where the road passes under a bridge or other overhead structure. ‘A vertical or inclined wall at the end of a cuvert to prevent earth from sping into the channel. ‘The time between two successive vehicles traveling in a traffic lane as they pass a point in the road, measured from front ‘bumper to front bumper, in seconds (time headway) OR ‘The distance between two successive vehicles traveling in a traffic lane, measured from front bumper to front bumper, in metres (space headway). ‘A public road, ‘The geometry of the road in the horizontal plane. A circular or transition curve by means of which a road changes direction to the right or left. Characteristics for a given type of facility which are assumed to be the best possible from the point of view of capacity; improvement to the characteristics would not result in higher capacity. A situation where each half of a divided road is designed and located separately in order to take full advantage of the terrain. ‘The median need not be of uniform width, and the two carriageways need not be at the same level ‘That portion of land in which the dominant land use is light or heavy industry. In Passing, the act of deciding to pass and moving to the point of encroachment on the adjacent opposing lane. The traffic lane nearest to the median of a divided road (or the centeriine of an undivided road). A grade-separated intersection, ‘The centerline of a double bank of angled Parking Bays. October 1999