(@) The students found that the stream was polluted by sewage from a nearby house. Outline how sewage should be treated before entering a stream. ‘remove sols /pess through a id ter/screening : ‘ow to sediment (primary) seeimertaion/stling tank Use, microorganisms /bactra/ tung in aerobic contans/oxygen supplied! aerobic digeston aeration tank ‘A activated sludge ticle ier rmirobes, digest! decompose, complex compounds fo, simple slo, ompounds ny example ; 9. proteins —- amin acts, starch — glucose, fatto faty aces (and glee) waters, disinfected chlonated eeated with ozone vealed with UV ‘A chemicals tok bacteri [AVP ref to respiration recycling bacteria ino raion tank oceuiaton described or explains max) Describe three processes used in the treatment of sewage. filtration /screening to remove large pieces of waste ; flocculation /coagulation to separate suspended particles from water/ sedimentation to settle particles ; 3. digestion by, bacteria /fungi /decomposers/ microorganisms ; 4 with aeration (tank)/trickle filter/ activated sludge ; 5 sludge treated with anaerobic decomposers/ anaerobic digestion ; 6 7 (water) treated with, chlorine/ozone/UV (light) ; di lation /collection of water from evaporator ; max [3] (c) Atstage 5 in Fig. 6.1, oxygen and microorganisms are added. Explain why oxygen is bubbled through the tank at this stage. Tikes microorganisms with sewage 5 ‘A microbes [bacteria good contact between microorganisms and solids ; more collisions ; (aerobic) respiration; if anaerobic respiration microorganisms produce carbon dioxi gain / release / transfer, energy ; (for) growth ; (for) reproduction to make enzymes ; A ref. to digestion [max 4] ljoosounon (d) Suggest and explain the advantage of recycling microorganisms from stage 6 to stage 5 as shown in Fig. 6.1 o Sarthe breakdown ofthe sewage quickly: [Ah right organisms to digost the sewage contnvous process do not have to, breed / buy the microorganisms ; ‘A ol. to cost ess wastage of microbes ea of wtnout waiting forthe lag pase ‘A keeps the population of merobes constant ies to save time unqualfies {max 3] |R to use over and ver again{a) Explain the roles of bacteria in the aerobic digestion tank shown in Fig. 3.1. secrete/make/use, enzymes; breakdown insoluble substances to soluble substances: (named) protease, breaks down proein to amino aids; ‘amylase /earboyerase: breaks down starch to, glucose/matiose/ sugar nase breaks down fatto fatty acids and glycart: 9 (named) products resped 410 using ongen: 41 caren donde released, 12 ammonia prosucad: 43 AVPs ref nition A pepsin ©, lucose/sugars/fatty acids amino sce MP9, MP10 and MP1 can be taken from 3 word equation IMP can be awarded for CH,.0,ina chemical equation IMPI0 and MP11 canbe taken rom a smax5_| coment balanced chemical equation ‘Sewage treatment works receive raw sewage. This sewage contains food molecules, such as cellulose, starch, protein and fat. (b) Explain how bacteria breakdown these nutrient molecules. ‘enzymes / named enzyme ; secrete / release eakdown, large / complex / insoluble, (molecules) {o, small / soluble simple, (molecules); callulose > sugar / glucose ; starch > sugar/ maltose / glucose; I futher change, e910 carbon dioxide /waler protein > polypeptides / peptides / amino aci Murther changes e.g. to ammonia, nit, etc fats > fatty acids (and glycerol); ref. to respiration + Explain why chlorine is added to the water. RR bacteria are enzymes A smalgr simpler, ‘A polysaccharides > monosaccharides ‘fname not given [max 4] (b) Fig. 3.1 shows that chlorine is added to water before it leaves the sewage treatment works. (chlorine) kis bactera/acte as disinfectant R terove bacteria’ (some) bacteria may, cause disease be pathogenic: 0 waters nat harmful othe envrcnment/does nt kl (named) organisms: 'A microorganisms "nan unqualified {makes the water safe unqualified kis, pathogenie/cisease causing, bacteria max2|=2 (ii) State the main purpose of chlorine in sewage treatment. (i) | make the water safe, to return to the environment / for human use ; kill, pathogens/ (harmful) microorganisms / bacteria ; (e) Explain why chlorine is added at stage 7. destroys /kills, bacteria / microorganisms ; prevents spread of, disease / pathogens ; makes water suitable for drinking ; R disinfection R ‘removes bacteria’ [max 2]4 Sewage disposal involves the removal of human waste in pipes from houses to sewage treatment works. Fig. 6.1 is a diagram that shows how sewage is treated. collection and pumping 1 screening 2 primary grit removal sedimentation qi ql -o= effluent eee