INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY

ASSIGNMENT # 1
GROUP: 6
Course code: PSY-301

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 FINANCENNN Transfer of Training/Learning
Definition:
Transfer: An act of moving someone or something to another
place.
Learning: An act of gaining knowledge or skill by
experience, study or creative thought.
The term transfer of training was originally introduced by Edward Thorndike and Robert S.
Woodworth.
Transfer of learning: It is study of dependency of human learning or performance on prior
experience .The effect of past motor or mental learning on new learning is designated in this.
 Types of transfer of learning
1. Positive Transfer
Positive transfer occurs when learning one type of skill makes the way, to the next one, even easier.
In this type, the previously learned skill may or may not have a relationship with the target skill.
For example, if one knows how to play a violin and can easily differentiate sounds, then it might
be easier for him to step up to learn how to play a piano. Similarly, having a good knowledge of
mathematical tactics and techniques can greatly speed up the process of learning Physics. Another
example is:

2. Negative Transfer
This type of transfer is mostly observed in the cases where one skill overlaps the other one and
often causes confusions .In other words we can say that when previous learning start creating
hindrance or interferes with by the knowledge of similar activity it becomes negative transfer of
learning.
For example, it is a common observation that sometimes, there’s a huge difference in the formulas
and techniques for using the formulas, in mathematics, as compared to that of physics. Even though
the final solution is same but due to overlapping topics but different formulas leading to the same
thing often causes confusions. Football player can face difficulty in playing basketball because it
is game of hands and football is not played by hands.

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3. Zero / Neutral Transfer
Neutral transfer of training occurs when the previously learned skill has nothing to do with the
skill that one is trying to learn now. In simple words, it neither hinders nor facilitates the learning
of a new skill. For example, having the knowledge of mathematics does not affect the learning
process of a car or a scooter. .
For example, for most of the learners, it’s extremely easy to learn to ride a bike, if they have some
experience with a bicycle. In this case, the transfer occurs extremely fast because of the similarities
in both vehicles. Learning music and playing football have no identical components, therefore
measuring device will detect no transfer effect.

4. Bilateral Transfer

This is where there is a transfer from one limb to another. If one part of body is effected then same
work can be done by other body part. (person who have no hands can work with their foot).
Example: Learning a skill from one foot to the other in football, or writing with left hand instead
of right hand.

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 Distinction between transfer of
training and bilateral transfer

Transfer of training Bilateral transfer

If past experience hinders or aids the When an activity is learned with a particular
acquisition of a new skill, it is considered part of the body, and if required, the same
transfer of training. activity is performed by another body organ.
Bilateral transfer is not only limited to
symmetrical counterpart; rather it could be
nonsymmetrical as well.

References:

 https://www.slideshare.net/aashishparihar/transferoftraininig-39573261
 https://en.wikipedia/org/wiki/transferoftraining
 https://www.slideshare.net/alain /bilateral-transfer-9892542
 www.psy.nec.com/view/10.1093/acprof/...acprof-9780919841103-chapter-12