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Walled City 38
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Last week, the Wall Street Journal released a new 15-minute documentary about the notorious
Kowloon Walled City, which was torn down by the colonial government in the 1990s. The
collection below focuses more on the exterior with some early photographs and a few rare aerial
shots…
During the Sung Dynasty, between 960 and 1279, East Kowloon’s coastline was a series of salt
pans. The Walled City was originally an outpost set up to manage the trade, though little else
took place in the area until 1668 when 30 guards were stationed there. The intention was to
defend Lei Yue Mun, Kowloon Bay, Hung Hom and Tsim Sha Tsui against foreign invaders and
pirates.
It was developed into a small coastal fort in 1810 and was improved in 1847 following the
arrival of the British. The Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory of 1898 handed
the New Territories over to Britain for 99 years, but excluded the Walled City which, by then,
had a population of around 700…
1898 – the year Britain took control of the New Territories
China was allowed to keep officials there as long as they did not interfere with the defence of
British Hong Kong. The enclosed area measured 6.5 acres and included six watchtowers, four
gates, several military offices, gunpowder stores, weapons stores and soldier’s quarters – all
surrounded by canons.
1910s – The Assistant Magistrate‘s Yamen & Former Sam Shing Temple, via richardwonghk on
Flickr
The British claimed ownership of the Walled City but did little with it over the following
decades. A sovereignty row with Beijing continued for decades. The area remained mostly a
curiosity for British colonials and tourists to visit…
1910s – Richshaw drivers and tourists at the Walled City, via richardwonghk on Flickr
The Protestant church established an old people’s home in the Yamen, as well as a school and
almshouse in other former offices…
Early undated photo showing children playing, richardwonghk on Flickr
By 1933, the Hong Kong authorities announced plans to demolish most of the decaying Walled
City’s buildings, compensating the 436 squatters that lived there with new homes.
Early photo showing the inside of the Walled City, via richardwonghk on Flickr
By 1940 only the Yamen, the school, and one house remained.
The hillside was flattened to make way for Kai Tak airport, via richardwonghk on Flickr
During its World War II occupation of Hong Kong, Japan demolished the City’s wall and used
the stone to extend the nearby Kai Tak Airport.
After Japan’s surrender, China announced its intent to reclaim its rights to the Walled City.
Refugees poured in to take advantage of Chinese protection, and 2,000 squatters occupied the
Walled City by 1947. After a failed attempt to drive them out in 1948, the British adopted a
‘hands-off’ policy in most matters concerning the Walled City…
Despite declining crime, the quality of life in the City was far behind the rest of the territory,
particularly with regards to sanitation. The Sino-British Joint Declaration in 1984 laid the
groundwork for the City’s demolition. Its demolition was finally announced in 1987…
―What fascinates about the Walled City is that, for all its horrible shortcomings, its builders and
residents succeeded in creating what modern architects, with all their resources of money and
expertise, have failed to: the city as ‗organic megastructure‘, not set rigidly for a lifetime but
continually responsive to the changing requirements of its user, fulfilling every need from water
supply to religion, yet providing also the warmth and intimacy of a single huge household.” –
Leung Ping Kwan, City of Darkness
1965 vs. 2012 aerial view, via richardwonghk on Flickr
Some residents, unsatisfied with the compensation, had to be forcibly removed between late
1991 and early 1992. Shots below from Sing Tao…
The government spent some HK$2.7 billion (US$350 million) in compensation to the estimated
33,000 residents and businesses in a plan devised by a special committee of the Hong Kong
Housing Authority.
Residents handed in their keys through a private security company…
via SCMP.
Demolition commenced on March 23rd, 1993 and concluded in April.
via ctina-in-asia.blogspot.com
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