TEST

CODE
OA247I
FORM TP 21226 MAY/JUNE 2OOI

CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

ADVANCED PROFICIENCY EXA MINATION

PHYSICS

UNIT 01 Paper 0t

t hour and 45 minutes

READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY

l. This paper consistsof NINE questions. Candidates

must attempt ALiL
questions.

2. CandidatesMUST write in this answerbooklet and

all working MUST be
clearly shown.

---;Fil.r,

copyright @ 2001caribbeanExaminationscouncil
AII rightsreserved.
N2471/CAPE 2001
 -2-

LIST OF PHYSICAL CONSTANTS

Universal gravitational constant G 6 . 6 7x 1 0 - r tN * ' k g - '

Acceleration due to gravitY g 9.80m s-2

Radius of the Earth RE 6380km

Mass of the Earth ME 5.98x l02akg

Mass of the Moon MM 7.35x 1022kg

I Atmosphere Atm 1.00x105Nm-z

Boltzmann's constant k l.38x10-23JK-r

Density of water 1.00x 103kg m-r

Thermal conductivitY of coPPer 400 W m-r K-r

Specific heat capacity of aluminium 910J kg-t 6-t

Specific heat capacitYof coPPer 387J kg-t 6't

Specific heat caPacitYof water J kgt 6-t

42OO

Specific latent heat of fusion of ice 3.34xlOsJkg-t

Specific latent heat of vaporisation of water 2.26x 106J kg I

Avogadro's number NA 6.02 x 1023per mole

Molar gas constant R 8.31J K-r mol-l

Stefan-Boltzmannconstant o 5.67x 10-Ew m-2K-a

Speedof light in vacuum c 3.0x108ms-l

GO ON TO TTIE NEXT PAGE

002471/CAPE2001
 -3-

1. (a) (i) by the terms'systematic

Whatdo you understand errors'and 'randomerrors'?

[2 marks]
(ii) Explain the differencebetweenprecisionand accuracy.

[3 marks]
(b)

Figure I

Aparachutistfalls at his terminal velocity.At the terminal velocity the drag force balances
the force due to gravity by the equation

mg = joeCov2

where m is the massof the man and parachute,p is the density of the air, A is the area,
C6 is the drag coefficient and v, the terminal velocity. I

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

002471/CAPE 2001
 -4-

Given that

m = I20t l.5kg

p = l.3t0.l kgm-:

A = 4.00 t 0.05 m2

Cd = 0'6

Calculatethe

(i) terminal velocitY

[3 marks]

(ii) uncertaintyassociatedwith the terminal velocity'

[2 marks]

Total 10 marks

GO ON TO THE NEXT'PAGE
00247I/CAPE2001
 -5-

) (a) Abody is projectedwith a velocity v, at an angle,o, to the horizontal ground. Show that
the time, t,, taken for the body to strike the ground is

f -
2 v Sina
rl

[3 marks]

(b)

Ground

Figure 2

A hammer at the top of a roof slides from rest and falls to the ground at P. The roof is
smooth and sloped at an angle of 30o to the horizontal as shown in Figure Z.The roof is
l0 m long and its lowest point is 10 m from the ground.

-*o-\

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

2001
002471/CAPE
 -6-

Calculate

(i) to the nearestsignificantfigure, the velocity of the hamrnerwhen it reachesthe

lowest point on the roof.

[3 marks]

(ii) the horizontalcomponentof its velocity when it strikesthe ground

[1 mark 1

(iii) the vertical componentof its velocity when it strikesthe ground

[2 marks]

(iv) the angle that the velocity of the hammer makeswith the ground.

[1 mark I

Total 10 marks

GO ON TO THE NEXTMCE
002471/CAPE2001
 -7-

3. Figure 3 showsa ball, P, of massm, moving with speedu, which collides with anotherball, Q,
of massM, which is stationary.After the collision, P is found to be moving with speedv, and
Q with speedV. (u, v and V are all along the sameline.)

o > @
M before collision

o
m
> M
after collision

Figure 3

(a) (i) If the collisionis perfectlyelasticshowthat

v= 2- .u
(m+M)

[4 marks]
u
(ii) Show also that v = @---M)-
(m+M)

I
[3 marks]

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

00247I/CAPE2001
 -8-

(b) (i) In an elasticcollision such as this, if the mass of

Q is half that of P and P ' s
v e l o c i t y b e f o r ec o l l i s i o n i s 3 0 m s - r . w h a t w o u l d
Q ' s velocity be after the
collision?

[2 marksJ

( ii ) what is the ratio of the massesif the bails move with the samevelocityafter
collision?

ll mark 1

Total 10 marks

-**+l

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

002471/CAPE
200r
 -9-

4. (a) Whatis meantby the .phaseof a wave,?

[1 mark
'i-'i"'i-i .i....1...1...i..
i...i...i...j...
ylm t.
'.;....i...+,
iiii
i i -i"'l
i"i
i !
i...i...j...j... ; i : i r"ii-i -i'-!.-
'l

i"'i"1-'i-
.i....i
-.i...i...
'i-i"'i-'i
i i.ii
i..-i..-.i...i...
ri i i
; l : . i . 1-'i-i"'t'-.i. ..t...i...
a i i i

:11
[i"i'i"i-i"
..i..i.,;...i..
- i . ii i 6;\ '-r-'i"i-'i -'i'
i-i. i ...:..'-i-.+-.i i
-i-.i.-
l
-1..

"i",'"'t-r-
..i...j...i.-.i... "i-i"'l-'1" ...1....i...i...;
-i-i-'i-i -i-i*!-'i
.:i::t i -!n4.-

"i-"!-'1":!'
.i...+...i....i..
- i-i-r -i "'i"i'-i-'i.
...t....i...;....1.,
-'i-.i-i"i' r.'i--i-.i-.i.. 'f'-l'-1. i i i - i + . i -i . i .-i...1....
-t-'t-'?-'
..i....i...1Tiine/s'
\i
\i-.i...i.-.i.,,
il :.1..
i...1.:.:. $;l .1...j...j.
:
.i-.i...+.
: l
-i i-i'-i t-i-i'i-:
i'i-i-i ;...i....i..., . .i..i...i
..i.:i::
i...i
: i
i-i"'i-t
:
i - i i i - i-i'i-i "i-i-i-r
i i i !
..i...i...i...i.. t-;'-'t'-:
i : i
:.i..1..i .t. :.1:i..t.::!:.
-i-.t.-+-.i
i'-i"i"'1 'i"!"'i-'i' "t-'t'..1".1

Figure 4

(b) Figure 4 shou'sa displacement-timegraph

of a certainwave A.

(i) Sketchon the axesin Figure 5 the displacement-time

graphof a wave that hasa
phasedifferenceof n/2 with the wave
A.
[2 marksJ

ylm

Figure 5

(i i ) Sketchon the axesin Figure 6 the displacement-time

graph of a wave which is
in phasewith wa'e A, but has one-half
the intensityana twice the frequency
the waveA. of
[3 marks]
y/m

Time /s

Figure 6
-l

002471/CAPE GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

200r
 - l0 _

(c) waves on the oceansurfaceare sometimesutilized

as a mechanicalenergysource. An
oceanwave of wavelength50 m and velocity 5 m s-l raises
3 x lot kg of water ttrrough
a heightof 2.5 m. Calculaterhe

(i) gain in potentialenergy of the water in the wave

I
I
I
I
d

[2 marksJ
(ii) power in the wave.

[2 marks]

Total 10 marks

5' (a) Statethe conditionsnecessary

for totalinternalreflectionof a ray to occur.

[2 marks]
(b) IdentifyTwO practicalapplications
wheretotalinternalreflectionis used.

t
I
[2 marks]

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE*-*.

)2471ICAPE
200r
00
 - ll -

(c) In the communicationsindustryoptical fibres are now usedto transmitelectromagnetic

wavesu'hich travel down the fibre becausethe e.m. waves are totally internally reflected.

CLADDING

CLADDING

Figure 7

Figure 7 showsthe cross-sectionof a fibre consistingof a core of refractiveindex 1.70

and a cladding of refractive index 1.60. The ray, shown entering the fibre from the air,
is at the maximum angle of incidence,f, for it to be just totally internally reflectedby the
cladding.

Calculatethe angle

(i)

[3 marks]

(ii)

[3 rnarks]

Total 10 marks

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

002471/CAPE2001
 -t2-

6. (a) What is meant by accommodation of the eye?

[1 mark ,

(b) Figure 8 below showsan eye which focuseslight from a distantobject on the retina.

Figure 8

(i) Draw a similar diagram to show where light from a NEAR object is focussedif
thereis no accommodationby the eye.

[2 marks]
(ii) , Draw another diagram to show where light from a distantobject
is focussedif
the eye suffers from hypermetropia (long sight).

[2 marksf- _
I

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

0247VCAPE200r
 _ 1 3_

(c) A far-sighted(hyperopic)eye hasa nearpoint of 1.50m. A lensis usedto allow the eye
to view objectsplacedat 25 cm from the eye.

(i) C a l c u l a t et l r ef o c a l l e n g t ho f t h e l e n s .

[3 marksl

(ii) Determinethe power of the lens.

[2 marks]

Total l0 marks

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

r/cAPE2001
00247
 -14-

7. (a ) Figure 9 showsa crosssectionof a Dewar containerfor cryogenic fluids.

Smooth
Silvered-glass
Surfaces

C
^ Liquid
- Nitrogen-
- (-re6 -
c)

Figure 9

With referenceto heat transfer,explain

(i) why the walls of the Dewar containeris made from a fragile material such as
glass

[1 mark 1
(ii) why the surfacesof the glassare smoothand also silvered

[2 marks]

(iii) the significanceof the vacuum section.

ll mark I
(b) What difficulty would be encountered when the cryogenicfluid, liquid nitrogen,is
transferredinto and out of the container?

[1 mark ]

GO ON TO TTM NEXT PAGE

002471/CAPE
200r
 - t 5-

(c) The ambienttemperatureon a cool evening is about 24"C. Assuming your skin has a
surfaceareaof 2.0 m2 and that it can be consideredto be a black-body emitter,calculate
oC,
the net rate of heat lost due to radiation from your skin at 36 after active exercise.
(EmmissivitYfor a black bodY l') =

[3 marks]

(d) The temperatureof a furnace is found by measuringwith a pyrometer the rate at which
energy ii radiated through a hole 1.0 cm2 in its wall. If this rate is 6.0 W and the hole
can be regardedas a black-body emitter, how hot is the furnace?

[2 marks]

Total l0 marks

8. ( a) explainingclgarlythe
Write down an equation for the first law of thermodynamics
symbolsused in the equation.

[3 marks]

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

2001
002471/CAPE
 - 1 6-

(b) Write down an equation for the change in internal energy of a gas when it is heatedat
constantvolume.

[2 marks]
"C "C.
(c) 2.5 moles of an ideal monotomic gas is cooled from 272 to 252 Duringthis
process5000 J of heat flows from the gas. Calculate the

(i) change in internal energY

[3 marks]

(ii) work done by the gas.

[2 marksJ

Total 10 marks

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

002471/CAPE2001
 - t 7-

areaA, and thermal

of an iceboxof thicknessAx, cross-sectional
9. Figure l0 showsa cross-section
conductivity k.

o o o
o o o
o o o
o o o
o o o o
Air o o o
o o o
o o o
o o o
o o o
o o o
Styrofoam

*AxI

Figure 10

(a) (i) Write down an equationfor the rate of heatflow throughthe styrofoam.

[3 marks]

(ii) Name the processby which heat is transferred.

[1 mark I

(i i i ) Indicateon Figure l0 the direction of heat flow.

[1 mark 1

(b) A styrofoamice-box of surfacearea0.68 m2 has walls 0.025 m thick. TheoC. box contains
oC is 35 (Thermal
3.5 kg of ice at 0 and the temperatureon,theoutsideof the walls
conductivityof syrofoam = 0.01 Wm-r K'')'

Calculatethe

(i) heat requiredto melt the ice

[2 marks]

GOONro rHE-NI{I PAGE

2001
oo247\ICAPE
 - 1 8-

(ii) rateof flow of heatacrossthe styrofoam

[2 marks]

(iii) time it takesin hours to melt all the ice in the icebox.

[1 mark 1

Total 10 marks

END OF TEST

200r
002471/CAPE