VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

“JNANA SANGAMA”, BELAGAVI-590018, KARNATAKA

A Project Report
On
S

“Application for Online Booking of General e-Ticket for Railways”

Submitted in the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of degree of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

Submitted By

ISMAIL BADRI 1VA15CS018

MOHAMMED GADI 1VA15CS027
SHEIKH MANNAN SOHAIL 1VA15CS050
SIDDHARTH SINGH 1VA15CS051

Under the Guidance of

Prof. Deeksha Hegde B

Assistant Professor,
Dept. of CS&E

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

SAI VIDYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
(Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi | Recognized by Govt. of Karnataka | Approved
by AICTE, New Delhi)
RAJANUKUNTE, BENGALURU – 560 064
2018-19
S
 SAI VIDYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
(Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi | Recognized by Govt. of Karnataka | Approved
by AICTE, New Delhi)
Rajanukunte, Bengaluru- 560 064

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

Certified that the Project work entitled “Application for Online Booking of General e-

Ticket for Railways” carried out by Mr. Ismail Badri (1VA15CS018), Mr. Mohammed
Gadi (1VA15CS027), Mr. Sheikh Mannan Sohail (1VA15CS050) and Mr. Siddharth Singh
(1VA15CS051) bonafide students of SAI VIDYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,
Bengaluru, in partial fulfillment for the award of Bachelor of Engineering in COMPUTER
SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING of VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY,
Belagavi during the year 2018-19. It is certified that all corrections/suggestions indicated for
Internal Assessment have been incorporated in the Report deposited in the departmental library.
The project report has been approved as it satisfies the academic requirements in respect of
Project work prescribed for the said Degree.

------------------------------------- ------------------------------------- -------------------------------------

Prof. Deeksha Hegde B Prof. Sreelatha P K Dr. H S Ramesh Babu
Assistant Professor, In-Charge, HOD Principal
Dept. of CS&E Dept. of CS&E

Name of External Examiners Signature With Date

1. ___________________________ __________________________

2. ___________________________ __________________________
9
 ABSTRACT

The railway is one of the best modes of transportation available for common people and
also has a great amount of impact on Indian Economy. Taking into account that almost
65% of total population travels in the general compartment (class) of the train, it became
a requisite for the railways to come up with a proposal that solves the issue of booking
tickets for such a mass population.
Countering the above mentioned fact the proposed system addresses the issue of
booking the Unreserved Tickets in Indian Railways. The current system in most of the
railway zones provides the unreserved tickets through manual means which requires the
passenger to purchase tickets mostly through window ticketing system and Ticket
Vending machines. The project attempts to resolve the issue by migrating the unreserved
ticket booking means to online application. Similar to online reserved ticket booking
system as furnished by IRCTC this application attempts to provide enough information on
the time table of the trains running on the mentioned date and to book a ticket in the
same.
This is an android application as it enables easy design of GUI and connectivity to
the backend of the system. Keeping the fact into picture that 70% of Indian Mobile users
are android users this application can scale itself to a larger extent.
 
 
 
 
 
 

i 
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The completion of Project brings with and sense of satisfaction, but it is never completed
without thanking the persons who are all responsible for its successful completion. First
and foremost we wish to express our deep sincere feelings of gratitude to our Institution,
Sai Vidya Institute of Technology, for providing us an opportunity to do our education.

We would like to thank the Management and Prof. M R Holla, Director, Sai
Vidya Institute of Technology for providing the facilities.

We extend our deep sense of sincere gratitude to Dr. H S Ramesh Babu,

Principal, Sai Vidya Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, for having permitted to carry out
the project work on Application for Online Booking of General e-Ticket for Railways
successfully.

We express our heartfelt sincere gratitude to Prof. Sreelatha PK, Assistant

Professor and In-Charge Head, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sai
Vidya Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, for her valuable suggestions and support.

We convey our special in-depth, heartfelt, sincere gratitude to Prof. Deeksha

Hegde B, Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sai
Vidya Institute of Technology, for her constant support and motivation.

Finally, We would like to thank all the Teaching, Technical faculty and supporting
staff members of Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sai Vidya Institute
of Technology, Bengaluru, for their support.

                 

ISMAIL BADRI 1VA15CS018

MOHAMMED GADI 1VA15CS027
SHEIKH MANNAN SOHAIL 1VA15CS050
SIDDHARTH SINGH 1VA15CS051
 

                          

ii 
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter No. Chapter Title Page No.

ABSTRACT i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ii
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1-4

1.1 Overview of Indian Railways 1

1.2 Unreserved Ticketing System 1
1.3 Proposed Project Based on UTS 2
1.4 Paper Less Ticket 3
1.5 Android Platform for GUI 3
1.6 Cloud storage for Data storage 3
1.7 Advantages of Proposed Application 4

CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE SURVEY 5-10

2.1 Background 5
2.2 Existing System 9
2.3 Proposed 10
2.4 IRCTC v/s UTS 10

CHAPTER 3 SYSTEM DESIGN 11-17

3.1 Use Cases 11

3.2 Process involved in Booking Unreserved Ticket 12

3.3 Basic Flow of System 13

3.4 Functional Blocks of System 14

3.5 Detailed Flow Diagram 16

3.6 Features of this UTS Application 17

REFERENCES 19-20
 

iii 
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No Caption Page No.

3.1 Use Cases of System 11
3.2 Basic Structure for Ticket Booking Process 12
3.3 Basic Flow 13
3.4 Block Diagram 14
3.5 Three Layered Architecture 15
3.6 Detailed Flow Diagram 16
3.7 Abstract of Processing 17

iv 
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Rail transport is one of the most important means of transport and has played an
important role in the transport industry in India. With Indian rapid economic
development, the railway lines and passengers have been increasing year by year in the
country. This leads to the need of a portal or application that can enable the customers to
book the tickets for their journey online and at a quicker pace.

1.1 Overview of Indian Railways

Indian Railways (IR) is India's national railway system operated by the Ministry
of Railways. It manages the fourth-largest railway network in the world by size, with
121,407 kilometers (75,439 miles) of total track over a 67,368-kilometre (41,861 miles)
route.
 India's first train ran from Bombay (Mumbai) to Thane for around 34 kilometers
on April 16 in the year 1853.

 More than 25 million passengers that travel daily on the Indian Railways, roughly
given an estimation 21 million of them travel in the General-unreserved
compartment of train and these 21 million unreserved journeys per day bring in a
daily revenue of ₹17 crores.

 Unreserved/General: The least-expensive accommodation, with a seat not

guaranteed. Tickets are valid on any train on a route if used within 24 hours of
purchase.

The commercial portal of Indian Railways was launched on 08.07.2011. On April

1st 2015, Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation (IRCTC) created a new
national record with 13, 45,496 tickets booked in a day. This figure itself represents the
amount of scalability and impact that an initiative such like that can put on the Indian
economy.

1.2 Unreserved Ticketing System

The passenger flow in the Indian Railway system is multiplying day by day.  The
existing general ticketing system is causing a considerable increase in the travel time due
to “Long Queue” at the ticketing counters, which absorbs a significant portion time.

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 Application for Online Booking of General e-Ticket for Railways
 
This raises the question of how the Railways system can overcome a logistical nightmare
in a mission to change the customer experience of nearly 21 million people who travel
with unreserved tickets every day. Although Indian Railways is the largest railway
network in Asia, but not all figures are as impressive. For instance, almost 21 million of
the 25 million passengers travels every day are on unreserved tickets. This is a huge
problem and the Railways had realized the need for an Unreserved Ticketing System a
long time ago.
To take care of the unreserved segment of the passengers, UTS has been
computerized by CRIS and expanded to cover 828 stations to enable passengers to
purchase tickets from other than the train originating station, up to 3 days in advance of
the date of journey, except for suburban passengers. 25 lakh tickets are being issued daily
for 70 lakh passengers with daily earnings of Rs.16 crores.
The modes Indian Railways sells the tickets are as follows:
 Thin Client based Unreserved Ticketing System, that are capable of working
offline.
 Dumb Terminal based Unreserved Ticketing System. This is a server based
system that requires a network connection to operate.
 Automatic Ticket Vending Machines (ATVM), which are passenger operated
kiosks that accept contactless smart cards.
 Thin Client based Smart Card Recharge terminals, which can dispense and
recharge ATVM smart cards, apart from selling UTS tickets.
 Dumb Terminal based Jan Sadharan Ticket Booking Seva (JTBS) counters,
which are run by entrepreneurs outside the Railways premises.

1.3 Proposed Project Based on UTS

The proposed system is an android application which is developed taking into
account the importance of one’s time and energy spent on purchasing of general
unreserved tickets at the counters. The project proposes a system where an individual can
get a ticket for unreserved compartment just sitting at home or on the way to the railway
station.
Proposed project aims at development of an Android based unreserved ticket
purchase through smart phones in which customers are required to register on the server
for getting access to the application and get the unreserved tickets, upon registration, each
user has an account which is essentially the gateway for the customer to get the tickets.

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The account contains comprehensive information about the username, password
for the user which is for authentication purpose, Email ID and user Contact Number.

1.4 Paperless Ticket

The passenger can book paperless Journey Ticket, Season Ticket and Platform
Ticket through mobile application and ticket will be delivered in the mobile application
itself. The passenger can travel without taking hardcopy of the ticket. Whenever Ticket
Checking Staff asks for ticket, the passenger will use 'Show Ticket' option in the app.

1.5 Android Platform for GUI

Android is one of the fast-growing technologies. It is being used vastly around the
globe nowadays. Android powers hundreds of millions of mobile devices in more than
190 countries around the world. Android gives us a world-class platform for creating apps
and games for Android users everywhere, as well as an open marketplace for distributing
to them instantly. Android also gives us tools for creating apps that look great and take
advantage of the hardware capabilities available on each device. It automatically adapts
our UI to look its best on each device, while giving us as much control as we want over
our UI on different device types. Designing the visual part and temporal behavior of GUI
is an important part of application programming in the area of human-computer
interaction. It enhances the efficiency and ease of use for the underlying logical design of
a program.

1.6 Cloud Storage for data storage

Cloud storage is defined as "the storage of data online in the cloud," wherein a
enterprise's data is stored in and accessible from multiple distributed and connected
resources that comprise a cloud. It’s delivered on demand with just-in-time capacity and
costs, and eliminates buying and managing one’s own data storage infrastructure. This
gives user the agility, global scale and durability, with “anytime, anywhere” data access.
One of the types in cloud storage is Public Cloud Storage. It is where the
enterprise and storage service provider are separate and there aren’t any cloud resources
stored in the enterprise’s data center. The cloud storage provider fully manages the
enterprise’s public cloud storage.

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1.6.1 Cloud Storage Services
Cloud storage is purchased from a third party cloud vendor who owns and
operates data storage capacity and delivers it over the Internet in a pay-as-you-go model.
These cloud storage vendors manage capacity, security and durability to make data
accessible to your applications all around the world. Applications access cloud storage
through traditional storage protocols or directly via an API. Many vendors offer
complementary services designed to help collect, manage, secure and analyze data at
massive scale.

1.7 Advantages of proposed application

The mobile application eliminates the need for one to visit a counter for
unreserved tickets and also helps in moving towards a digitized and cashless economy.
The proposed application allows passengers to book suburban railway tickets within ten
minutes. In this app, passengers deposit money in their R-wallets and book single-journey ticket
or generate, renew passes whereas passengers can also book platform tickets as well as season
tickets

Listing the benefits out as they include:

 Risk of loss of cash while carrying is avoided.
 Facilitate exact payment and reduce transaction costs.
 Convenience in payment and management of utility bills, purchases and other
financial transactions.
 It helps to authenticate financial transactions and maintain proper record
facilitating better tax compliance and increasing tax base.
 A digital payment indirectly reduces expenditure by reducing need for printing
of currency notes and its transportation.
 Electronic transactions help in curbing corruption and black money flow,
thereby helping in economic growth of the country.
 Lesser use of cash prevents money laundering and better tax compliance.

The next chapter contains Literature Survey.

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CHAPTER 2
LITRETURE SURVEY
This chapter describes the background work and literature survey done on the proposed.

2.1 Background
The background study is related to emergence of internet and its impact on Indian
Railways. It gives an idea regarding the use of technology and innovation applied for
betterment and enhancement of Indian Railway System. A lot of customers were satisfied
to great extent. In fact, Indian Railway online reservation has made things easier for many
people who want to travel through trains. The following section lists all the different
government sectors which are interconnected to each other and work collaboratively to
run Indian Railways Organization.

2.1.1 Indian Railways (IR) [1]

INDIAN RAILWAYS (IR) is a premier transport organization of the country. It
has the largest rail network in Asia and the world’s second largest organization under one
management. It is owned by the central government of India. IR has traverse through the
length and breadth of the country covering 63,140 route kms. It owns a fleet of 2, 16,717
wagon (units), 39,236 coaches and 7,739 numbers of locomotives. IR manages to run
14,444 trains daily, including about 8,702 passenger trains. It carries more than a million
tons of freight traffic and 18 million passengers covering 6,856 numbers of stations daily.
The Railways are the largest employer in India with 1.4 million workers.

2.1.2 Indian Railways Website Launch [9]

IR was going high tech, so In February 2000, Indian Railways' web site was
deployed. This web site is so popular all over the world that it is visited at least a million
times a day either to find out the Train fare, ticket reservation or the availability status of
a wait listed ticket. People who have access to a computer and the Internet can now
reserve their tickets online. In fact, Indian Railway online reservation has made things
easier for many people who want to travel through trains.

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2.1.3 Centre for Railway Information Systems (CRIS) [2]
The Centre for Railway Information Systems (CRIS) designs, develops,
implements and maintains most of the important information systems of Indian Railways.
In 1986, Ministry of Railways established the Centre for Railway Information Systems
(CRIS) to be an umbrella organization for all computer activities on Indian Railways (IR).
It works with Indian Railways to build new products or services and to implement
prudent business and technology strategies in today's dynamic digital environment. CRIS
facilitates implementation of computerization projects on the Railways.

2.1.4 Online Ticketing System [8]

IR begins online ticket reservation of I-ticket on Aug. 3, 2002. IRCTC has
launched E-ticket facility in August 2005 for IR, which can be booked on
www.irctc.co.in. It was launched all over the country at the same time and it is picking up
fast pacing at some 300 per cent per month growth has been noted for it.

2.1.5 Passenger Reservation System (PRS) [13]

CONCERT - country-wide network for computerized enhanced reservation and
ticketing - developed by CRIS, is a total networking solution to Indian Railways
Passenger Reservation System. In June, 1987 an early system for computerized
reservations begins operating at Mumbai VT for a few trains (pre- CONCERT). The
complete network become operational on 18th April 1999, and has been working
satisfactorily since then. PRS network of the Indian Railways has enabled reservations in
any train, date, or class, between any pair of stations to the travelling public on about
2000 terminals across the country. CONCERT has been installed at more than 1,721
locations with 6,731 terminals handling more than 3,000 trains and more than 3.3 crore
passengers are being booked with average passenger earnings of Rs.1300 crore per
month. On 14th Feb. 2008 all-time high 1.9 million transactions were done in PRS.

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2.1.6 PRS enquiry through ‘Internet’ [5]
Passenger Reservation System is a major computer application with the help of
which anywhere to anywhere reserve ticketing is possible. This involves a distributed
data base spread over five host computers located in five metropolitan cities in India and
terminals located in various cities. The tickets provide information on the train timings
like departure time at origin, arrival time at destination, route of the train 8 denoted by
major junctions en route and distance. The basic source of this information is the
passenger train time table. IR’s website www.indianrail.gov .in provides booking through
‘Internet’ for which Indian Railway Catering & Tourism Corporation (IRCTC) has been
given connectivity to PRS system for issue of e-tickets. The website also answers queries
regarding accommodation availability, current status of wait listed tickets, trains available
between important stations, train schedules, fares, etc. On 28th February 2000, all the
common enquiries like Trains between a given pair of stations, reservation availability,
PNR status, Fare, Train schedule and station codes were made available to the common
public through the Internet. It has in a very short span of time become one of the most
popular web sites in India, with peak daily hits of the order of 1.7 million hits per day.
The information on the web sites has also been available through SMS service on mobile
phones, all over India.

2.1.7 National Train Enquiry System (NTES) [2]

National Train Enquiry System is a nationwide integrated online information
system for monitoring the running of passenger trains and providing reliable updated
information regarding arrival and departure of trains to passengers and platform berthing
to external devices i.e. IVRS, Touch screens etc. It also provides updated information on
Railway rules and facilities available through enquiry counters. The NTES stores the train
schedule and provides information on the actual running of trains in comparison the
planned schedule.

2.1.8 Rail Tel [7]

The Corporation was formed in Sept 2000 with the objectives to create nationwide
Broadband Telecom and Multimedia Network in all parts of the country, to modernize
Train Control Operation and Safety System of Indian Railways and to significantly
contribute to realization of goals and objective of national telecom policy 1999. Services
as a dedicated.

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2.1.9 Rail Net [8]
Railways have established their own intra-net ‘Rail net’ in September 2000. It
provides networking between Railway Board, Zonal Headquarters, Divisional
headquarters, Production Units, Training Centre etc.

2.1.10 Tourism services [9]

IRCTC.s tourism portal www.railtourismindia.com is fast growing into a one stop
travel shop which meets all the travel & tourism needs of a customer. It is providing
online booking of various services like Luxury Tourist Trains, car rentals, hotel, Rail
Tour Packages, holiday packages etc.

2.1.11 E Working System (Electronic file Movement and Tracking) [7]

It is a web-based application that provides for automation of the functions of all
the departments / offices. It provides an effective electronic office management system
that encompasses diverse business requirements like File Management, Document
Management and Knowledge Management. It provides a user-friendly intuitive interface
for the users to accomplish the various tasks.

2.1.12 Other Projects

CRIS has undertaken some important projects, viz., Parcel Management System
for computerization of parcel services; crew Management System to provide information
regarding train crew on a real time base, Comprehensive Payroll Processing System,
Workshop Information System, E-Procurement System to improve purchase efficiency
and transparency, web based electronic office management system.

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 Application for Online Booking of General e-Ticket for Railways
 
2.2 Existing System
The current ways to book a ticket to travel in Indian Railways are:
1. Window Ticketing System:
This is the oldest and the most widely used system until today. A
passenger stands in a queue and the vendor issues the paper printed ticket.

2. Ticket Vending Machine:

The ticketing machines in India are provided for rail services. This system
provides information on the cost of the journey, and enables payment by cash
(notes and coins), credit and debit cards. These vending machines are also
available at mainline rail stations providing tickets for all rail services in the
country.

3. Smart Card System:

A smart card is purchased by the passenger on which specific recharge is
to be done. By placing the card into the machine the passenger provides the source
and destination and a ticket is printed.

2.2.1 Disadvantage
1. The Customer is supposed to stand in long queues and waste his valuable time.
2. Use of hard copy for ticket generation results in wastage of paper to a large extent.
3. The Customer is supposed to carry hard cash to pay for his ticket expense.
4. He may miss out his train by standing in queue if at all he arrives late to the
station.
5. To eliminate black-marketing while ticket booking and checking.
6. If paper ticket is lost once then there is no proof to be shown to Ticket Checker.
7. A majority of the commuters don’t buy tickets. Their reason? The queue is too
long. Or running out of time.
8. Loss in revenue of Indian Railways.
9. Due to long queues in railway station, causes inconvenience to all other travelers.

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2.3 Proposed System
In this proposed system we aim to provide an additional option by use of Smart
Phone services. UTS(Unreserved Ticketing System) is to ease the way of ticketing for the
general compartments and is an android application where our railway ticket can be
bought with just a smart phone and you can carry your unreserved general railway tickets
in your smart phone as a soft form. The ticket is generated and sent to the passenger by
means of an e-mail and a message.

2.3.1 Advantages
1. Most importantly it saves a lot of valuable time of user by avoiding wastage of
time spent in waiting in long queues.
2. A digitalized approach towards ticketing system for general compartment
passengers.
3. Avoids wastage of paper which is used in printing the tickets.
4. Can pay his ticket expenses using net banking or credit card or debit card.
5. Avoids black marketing and while ticket booking and checking.
6. Crowd around the booking centers is reduced to a large extent.
7. Save Paper, Go Green.
8. Reduces the human effort involved.
9. A way towards Cashless economy.
10. To make the System easy and Transparent.

2.4 IRCTC v/s UTS

 UTS is dedicated only to unreserved category railway tickets whereas IRCTC
Ticket Booking app includes all the coaches except for the unreserved coach.
 The difference is that the booking portal for UTS will be open for 24 hours but for
a particular train it remains open till last minutes of departure time. But if you
checkout IRCTC Ticket Booking app the portal is closed few hours before trains
departure.
 IRCTC also deals with catering, tourism, maharaja travel but UTS is dedicated
only for unreserved tickets and platform tickets.

The next chapter contains information regarding System Design of Project.

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CHAPTER 3
SYSTEM DESIGN
The main purpose that the project servers, as mentioned earlier in the introduction
section, is to enable the Railways and the customers with an application that provides the
features of easy booking of General Compartment unreserved ticket.

3.1 Use Cases

The following diagram talks about the modules that feature in the system.

Figure 3.1: Use Cases of System.

These modules typically consist of User, Railway Official and the features that will form
the flow of the application.

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3.1.1 Registration Process
User registration for availing the services of UTS can be done through the
application itself where the passenger needs to provide information like Mobile Number,
Name, Password, Gender, Date of Birth, and Aadhar Number for the one time registration
process.

3.1.2 Login Process

After the registration, the passenger needs to enter the credentials in the login page
for entering into the app. These credentials include the Registration User name, Password
and the Aadhar number.

3.2 Process involved in booking unreserved ticket.

Figure 3.2: Basic Structure for ticket booking process.

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3.3 Basic flow of the system

Figure 3.3: Basic Flow.

User starts with the sign-up procedure for the first time visiting the app where
he/she provides the credentials. If not so then the user continues with the process of
logging into the system.
This follows the booking page where user selects the route, confirms the date and
time of travel and proceeds to the payment option. Once done with above mentioned
process the ticket is confirmed to the user credits and can be viewed for subsequent
stages.

3.3.1 Services provided by the system

This flow is quick, intuitive, leaves a scent behind and fulfills all the principle tasks
a user can perform, as directly and quickly as possible.
Following are the overview of services provided by the system:

 Book a daily paperless ticket

 Manually add source and drop platforms
 Select ‘route’
 Add card information
 Make Payments
 View Booking History
 View ticket
 Share ticket
 Renew Pass
 Request refund
 Contact customer care
 Add/edit personal information

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3.4 Functional blocks of the system

Figure 3.4: Block Diagram.

This block diagram describes the various module units and the interconnections
between them. This will provide an easy overview of how the data flows and exchanges
among these modules along with the weight that the data is carrying for the referred
module.
Location Platform: It refers to the visiting platform or one can say the departure
platform of the train which matches to the departure source station of the user. This
indicates the starting point of the journey from where the ticket assigned to the user
becomes valid.
Registration Services: After obtaining the data as read from the interface, this
service stores the data into the database or if needed into the cloud. It also extracts the
data form the background into the front end. This module is implemented as the coding
part and almost every piece of the code that enables an interaction between the frontend
and the backend forms the Registration service.
Time Table: The task of this counterpart in the system is to shoot the date and
time of various trains that are going to run from the mentioned source to the mentioned
destination.

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3.4.1 System Architecture

Figure 3.5: Three Layered Architecture.

The database layer: The database is used to hold data, including user registration
information, ticket ordering information, ticket information and all of the other
information. The background storage that includes the databases and the cloud services
stores every piece of information relating from customers to train in an organized manner,
which becomes easy to be extracted in the front end.

The application service layer: The application service layer is the core of this
three-layer structure, the system functions and business logic are handled in this layer. In
this layer, the system's business logic is encapsulated, the application service interfaces is
provided for the user interface layer and the system modules between the function calls.
The application service layer also updates data in the database, according to the service
request of the top layer.

Customer Interface: This states the GUI provided by the developers to the user
to continue through the application. Easy to handle, learn and efficient enough to read the
input, which comprises of the required data, from the user.

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3.5 Detailed Flow Diagram

Figure 3.6: Detailed Flow Diagram.

The use cases correlate to the functions the end user is expecting with the above-
mentioned flow diagram. They are helpful in understanding the flow of execution in the
system. The flow diagram includes:

Select itinerary
On the Trains Inquiry form, users will enter the following information:
 Starting station
 Destination station
 Date
 Number of passengers

Check availability
From the list of trains, users will select one and check for availability of number
of seats on that train. Once they make a selection, users can go ahead and book the
tickets.

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Book tickets
Users will specify the name and age of each passenger, and submit the data to
book tickets. For this operation, the front-end application will send a request to the central
railway reservation system.
The central system will issue a unique booking reference number that will be valid
for 5 minutes. If payment is not made within 5 minutes, the transaction will be invalidated
and the seats that were allotted earlier will be freed for other bookings.

Make payment
User will make the payment electronically using a payment gateway. For this
tutorial, the payment gateway is just an external system that validates the payment
information.

E-ticket & notification

Upon successful payment, the system will generate an e-ticket for printing. It will
also send e-mail notification to the e-mail address specified by the user.

Figure 3.7: Abstract of Processing.

3.6 Features of this UTS application

1. No Hard Copy Needed: One can book your ticket on the app and can travel
without the hard copy of the ticket. The ticket will be available in the ‘Show
Ticket’ section of the app which can be used a valid proof.

2. Free Railway Wallet (R-Wallet): After the user registers on the app, you will get
a free Railway Wallet (R-Wallet) in the app. It will be created automatically with
a zero balance at no extra cost. You can use it for cashless bookings and renewals.

3. Season Tickets Can Be Booked: The application also enables the issue and as
well as the renewal of season tickets. User can issue a season ticket from the app,
and can also renew the same ticket from the app directly.

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 Application for Online Booking of General e-Ticket for Railways
 
4. No Advance Ticket Booking Allowed, Only Unreserved Tickets: The app does
not allow the user to book a reserved ticket in advance, as the app only supports
bookings and cancellations for unreserved tickets.

5. Tickets for All Routes Available: The app allows the customer to book any
unreserved ticket on any route. The application comes with all the unreserved
ticketing options available on all the routes of Indian Railways.

6. Book Platform Tickets: Apart from season tickets and daily unreserved
bookings, the proposed system also supports booking of platform tickets. User can
directly book a platform ticket on the app, and use it as a digital ticket from ‘Show
Ticket’ section.

7. Book & Cancel at Any time: The system comes with a cancel option as well. If
users cancel an unreserved ticket within a stipulated time of booking, the ticket
will be cancelled and the refund will be credited directly to the Railway Wallet
(R-Wallet).

8. User Profile Management: The app will come with a user profile management
feature. It will help user to maintain a user profile with all its booking history, R-
Wallet transaction history, frequently travelled routes and ticket type.

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 REFERENCES

[1] Garima Sinha, Prof. P. N. Gupta and Dr. Deepak K. Sinha, “Ticketing System of
Indian Railways through SMS and Swapping Machine”, International Journal of
Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering, Volume 3, Issue 8,
August 2013.

[2] N.M. GIRINIVAS, P. HEMANAND, K.P. CHETAN and S.R. JANANI, “Local Train
E- Ticket Reservation System using Wallet System”, International Journal of Computer
Science and Mobile Computing, IJCSMC, Vol. 4, Issue. 3, March 2015, pg.201 – 207.

[3] Abdul Mateen Ansari, Aftab Alam, Mohammed Mujahid.Barga,“Next Generation E-

ticketing System”, International Journal of Emerging Research in Management
&Technology, ISSN: 2278-9359 (Volume-2, Issue-12, December 2013.

[4] Mrs. Omprakash Yadav, Ryan Fernandes, Rohit Tiwari, Sheenam Kaul “Online
Reservation System Using QR Code based Android Application System”, International
Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 4, Issue 12, December 2014.

[5] Tushar Dongare, Akshay Babar, Mahendra Nivangune,” Android Application for
Ticket Reservation with GPS as Ticket Validation”, International Journal of Emerging
Research in Management &Technology, Volume-3, Issue-3, March 2014.

[6] Pranjali Kharwade, Vaibhavi Datey, Isha Gujarkar , Vidhi Sharma , Shweta Holey,
Vivek Gupta ,” Smartphone Application for Railway Ticket Reservation and Validation
Using Mobile Network”, IJCSMC, Vol. 3, Issue. 10, October 2014, pg.393 – 397.

[7] Published on Jun 29, 2015. Exclusive: Black marketing of Tatkal Tickets of railways
has been busted. Exclusive: Black-marketing of 'Tatkal Ticket' busted | India Tv.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ImxV0k2JY3c , as on March 14,2017 .

[8] Published on Apr 29, 2016. 18-year-old boy arrested for hacking IRCTC site for
'tatkal ticket'. This boy is just 12th passed and has mastery to book train tickets in just
seconds. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4sXRzcFhR6o , March 14,2017.

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 Application for Online Booking of General e-Ticket for Railways
 
[9] Pranjali kharwade1 , Isha gujarkar2 , Vidhi Sharma3 , Shweta Holey4 , Vaibhavi
Datey5 , Vivek Gupta6, “Smartphone Application for Ticket Reservation and Validation
Using Mobile Network”, International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced
Engineering sISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 4, Issue 10,
October 2014.

[10] Department of Transport (2001), Proposal for Integrated Ticketing in the Greater
Dublin Area, Report of the Integrated Ticketing Committee, Dublin, Ireland, 2001.

[11] Railway Procurement Agency, (2004), http://www.rp_ a.ie/?d=32, Accessed, 5th

July 2004.

[12] Tri-Met, (2004), http://www.trimet.org/fares/tvm.htm. Accessed, 5th July 2004.

[13] Foote, J. P. and Stuart, G.D, (2002), 'Testing Customer Acceptance of Smart Cards at
the Chicago Transit Authority' (CD-ROM) 81st Annual Meeting of the Transportation
Research Board. Washington DC, Jan 2002.

[14] Maxey. C. and Benjamin. P. (2001), SeamlessF are Collection: Using Smart Cards
for Multiple-Mode Transit Trips', Proceedings of the APTA Rail Transit Conference,
2001.

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