Section 1

Introduction and General

Planning Requirements
Introduction and General Planning Requirements

2 Volume 4 Malaysian Sewerage

Industry Guidelines
 Introduction and General Planning Requirements

1.1 Purpose of This Volume

This volume sets out the requirements of the National Water Services
Commission (SPAN) (referred to as the Commission in this document)
for the planning, design and construction of sewage treatment plants.
This volume contains the following:

a) An overview of considerations and criteria for sewage treatment

plant design.
b) Effluent discharge standards requirements and the capacity of
different sewage treatment processes to meet these standards.
c) Requirements for the siting and sizing of sewage treatment
plants.
d) Requirements for each stage of sewage treatment.
e) Minimum requirements for facilities ancillary to a sewage treatment
plant.
f) Other special requirements for temporary treatment plants, treatment
plants within buildings, homestead developments and exemptions
for non-compliance with standards.
g) Requirements of sludge treatment process and disposal.

The owner must comply with the requirements set out in this volume
when submitting an application for approval to the Commissioner.

This volume does not cover any aspect other than Sewage Treatment
Plant requirements. All internal plumbing approvals need to be approved
by Local Authorities.

1.2 Who Should Use This Volume

This Volume is primarily for owners, developers, consulting engineers
and Public Authorities whose developments include sewage treatment
plants.

1.3 Related Reference Material

This Volume does not cover all aspects of design and construction of
sewage treatment plants. Where information is not covered in this volume,
the designer shall follow the requirements given in MS 1228.

However, the information in this Volume shall take precedence over

MS 1228 where similar aspects are covered in these documents or where
there is conflicting information between the two documents.

Sewage Treatment Plants Volume 4 3

Introduction and General Planning Requirements

The procedures for certification of sewerage services are given in the

Malaysia, Volume 2 Sewerage Works Procedures.

All Standards references adopted during this revision exercise are compiled
and given in Appendix B.

1.4 General Planning and Design Approval Requirements

The application procedures for sewage treatment plants approval shall
follow the requirements given in MSIG Volume 2. In general, the
application for approval of a treatment plant shall include:

a) Sufficient land area for the sewage treatment plants plus additional
area to allow for extensions to the plant, where necessary.
b) Land of suitable configuration shall be provided.
c) Sufficient buffer zones.
d) The location of a sewage treatment plant in relation to a particular
catchment area. The plant unit processes shall be located at an
elevation which is not subject to flooding/wave action, or shall
otherwise be adequately protected against all flooding/wave
action.
e) Sufficient topographic features shall be included to indicate its
location in relation to streams and the point of discharge of the
treated effluent.
f) Schematic flow diagrams showing utility systems serving the
plant processes and the flow through various plant units.
g) Pipeworks, including any arrangements for bypass from individual
units. The direction of flow and the content in the pipes shall
also be clearly and permanently painted onto all exposed piping
works.
h) Hydraulic profiles showing the flow of sewage, supernatant liquor,
and sludge.
i) Location, dimensions and elevations of all existing and proposed
plant facilities.
j) Capacity of the effluent receiving drain/water course shall be able
to cater for additional discharge flow from the treatment plant.
k) Consideration for odour and noise mitigation and control through
good facility design, effective operation, containment, collection
and treatment.
l) Point of discharge of treated effluent (effluent outfall) and elevations

4 Volume 4 Malaysian Sewerage

Industry Guidelines
 Introduction and General Planning Requirements

of high and low water levels of the receiving watercourse to

which the plant effluent is to be discharged.
m) Type, size, features, and operating capacity of all pumps, blowers,
motors and other mechanical devices together with manufacturer
catalogues.
n) Minimum, average and maximum hydraulic flows, velocities and
top water level in profiles.
o) Accessibility, landscaping and fencing.
p) Flow measurement facilities.
q) Materials, dimensions and specifications.
r) Ground conditions including levels, type, groundwater level and
safe bearing pressure of foundation.
s) Details of foundation and other structural design. Slope protection
works are required, where applicable.
t) All other components of the sewage treatment plant.
u) A technical report, which covers the ‘whole life cost’ evaluation
of the plant.
v) Process and instrumentation diagram.
w) Mass balance calculation

x) Clean and legible detailed drawings in standard format

y) Operation and Maintenance needs of the plant to be addressed
at the early planning stage.
z) Where required, an EA or EIA report is needed to identify,
predict, evaluate and communicate information concerning the
adverse and beneficial impacts of the proposed treatment plant.
aa) HAZOP requirement is necessary to identify the safety and
operability deficiencies in the design and operation of the treatment
plant.

1.5 Guidelines for Design Calculations

Design calculation for all unit processes shall be in sequence starting
from inlet works to biological treatments and sludge treatments as
shown in Figure 5.1. The calculation shall include:

a) Sizing of each unit processes and all mechanical equipment

involved.
b) Mass balance for overall system and each unit process.
c) Influent values.

Sewage Treatment Plants Volume 4 5

Introduction and General Planning Requirements

d) Design influent and effluent values in compliance with Section

3.3.2.
e) Treatment plant shall be designed based on design flow.
f) Hydraulic profile across the treatment units to be indicated onto
to the drawings.
g) Each unit process must comply with the design parameters set
in Section 5.
h) Calculation of PE to be based on Table 1.1.

Table 1.1 Recommended Population Equivalent

Type of Premises/ Establishment Population Equivalent

(Recommended))

Residential 5 per house

Commercial: 3 per 100 m2 gross area

Includes offices, shopping complex,
entertainment/ recreational centres,
restaurants, cafeteria, theatres

Schools/ Educational Institutions:

- Day schools/ Institutions 0.2 per student
- Fully residential 1 per student
- Partial residential 0.2 per non-residential student
1 per residential student

Hospitals 4 per bed

Hotels with dining and laundry facilities 4 per room

Factories, excluding process water 0.3 per staff

Market (wet type) 3 per stall

Market (dry type) 1 per stall

Petrol kiosks/Service stations 15 per toilet

Bus terminal 4 per bus bay

Taxi terminal 4 per taxi bay

(Ref: Malaysian Standard 1228)

6 Volume 4 Malaysian Sewerage

Industry Guidelines
 Introduction and General Planning Requirements

Table 1.1 - Recommended Population Equivalent (Cont)

Type of Premises/ Establishment Population Equivalent

(Recommended)

Mosque/ Church/ Temple 0.2 per person

Stadium 0.2 per person
Swimming pool/ Sports complex 0.5 per person
Public toilet 15 per toilet
Airport 0.2 per passenger
0.3 per employee
Laundry 10 per machine
Prison 1 per person
Golf course 20 per hole
(Ref: Malaysian Standard 1228)

1.6 Guidelines for Drawings

All drawings shall be of standard format and orientation. The drawings
required include:

a) Overall development plan showing the whole sewerage system

and plant location.
b) Site layout plan showing the arrangement of the plant, buffer
zone, internal set backs and all neighbouring developments.
c) Site layout plans showing all the process units, main pipe runs,
electrical conduit corridors, site services (water, drains, lighting,
other services), roads and paving, landscaping, buildings, fencing
and finished level contours (or spot levels). The set out and
overall dimensions of the plant shall also be shown.
d) Site elevations of the plant with at least one section through
the plant in each direction. These sections shall extend at least
30 m from the plant boundary and include an indication of the
surrounding development (in block form only).
e) Process and instrumentation diagram (P&ID) showing all tanks,
pipes, channels, valves, mechanical equipment, instrumentation
and control loops. The P&ID can also act as a summary of
the design. It provides key details of each piece of equipment,
tank, piping, valves and instruments.

Sewage Treatment Plants Volume 4 7

Introduction and General Planning Requirements

f) Hydraulic profile showing all hydraulic pathways through the

plant including bypasses. Information to be shown includes
pipe sizes, invert levels, flow velocities, tank coping level, top
water level and freeboard. Top water level and velocities at
minimum flow, average flow and peak flow under design load
must be clearly indicated.
g) Schematic flow diagrams and mass balances showing flow through
all process units in the plant.
h) General arrangement drawings of each unit process. These
drawings shall be in sufficient details to clearly describe the shape,
size and function of each unit. The drawings shall show the
structure of the unit, piping, valves and fittings, instrumentation,
mechanical and electrical equipment, buildings, handrails, stairs,
ladders, step irons, site services such as water and lighting,
adjoining paving, roadworks, fencing, drainage, etc. Drawings
of all items should show the elevations, plan view and sectional
view (horizontally and vertically), where applicable.
i) Details are required of any object that would affect the operation
or maintenance of the plant that is not covered by a standard
drawing.
j) Required to use standard symbols and legend formats for all
drawings.

8 Volume 4 Malaysian Sewerage

Industry Guidelines
 CL CL
TWL
TWL TWL FLOOD LEVEL IN RECEIVING
F.G.L. F.F.L. F.G.L. F.G.L. TWL F.G.L.

Sewage Treatment Plants

I.L. F.G.L. I.L. F.G.L. TWL TWL F.G.L. WATERCOURSE
TWL

Sewage Treatment Plants

I.L.
I.L.
SECONDARY SCREEN NORMAL WATER LEVEL
CLARIFIER DISTRIBUTION
CHAMBER OUTFALL MEASUREMENT
PRIMARY PUMPING VALVE FLUME
SCREEN STATION CHAMBER CHLORINE CONTACT
AERATION TANK TANK
CLARIFIERS

2.0m

1.8m

1.6m
Introduction and General Planning Requirements

1.4m

1.2m

1.0m

Volume 4

Volume 4
0.8m

0.6m

0.4m

0.2m

FGL

-0.2m

-0.4m HIGHEST FLOOD WATER LEVEL

NORMAL WATER LEVEL
-0.6M
OUTFALL MEASUREMENT
Figure 1.1 – Typical Hydraulic Profile

PRIMARY PUMPING VALVE CLARIFIER DISTRIBUTION CHLORINE CONTACT

SCREEN STATION CHAMBER SECONDARY SCREEN AERATION TANK CHAMBER CLARIFIERS TANK FLUME

HYDRAULIC PROFILE NOTES :

Figure 1.1 Typical Hydraulic Profile

1. THE LEVELS SHOWN ARE FOR INDICATIVE PURPOSES ONLY.

2. ACTUAL LEVELS SHALL BE DETERMINE FROM HYDRAULIC CALCULATIONS

OF ACTUAL PLANT DESIGN AND ACTUAL SITE SURVEY.

Page 7
9
Introduction and General Planning Requirements
Introduction and General Planning Requirements

Figure 1.2 Typical Process and Instrumentation Diagram

10 Volume 4 Malaysian Sewerage

Industry Guidelines
 SCREEN CHAMBER GRIT CHAMBER GREASE CHAMBER BALANCING TANK SEQUENCING BATCH

Sewage Treatment Plants

REACTOR

Sewage Treatment Plants

Q =
Q =
Q = BOD = BLOWER
Water =
Filtrate = SS = Q =
Q=
Vortex BOD =
BOD = Skimmer Supernatant Decanter
M Q = SS =
SS = Q =
BOD =
Q = BOD =
RAW SEWAGE SS =
MLSS = SS =

MEASURING
Screen TANK

Grit Pump
Screen
Q= Aerator
BOD =
Mixer Balancing

Volume 4
SS = Q =
Pump

Volume 4
BOD = Q =
RAW SEWAGE M M
Filtrate = BOD =
Raw Sewage SS =
Pump

Grit Classifier
Q= Waste Sludge
BOD = Pump
SS =

RAW SEWAGE SLUDGE

Raw Sewage
Pump HOLDING TANK

Q =
PUMPING STATION (EXISTING)
Figure 1.3 Typical Process Flow Diagram

BOD =
Figure 1.3 Typical Process Flow Diagram

Oil & Grease Pump Transfer Pump

SS =
Oil Holding Tank Oil Discharge Tank Floor Drain Pit

11
Introduction and General Planning Requirements
Introduction and General Planning Requirements

9
Introduction and General Planning Requirements
Introduction
Introductionand
andGeneral
GeneralPlanning
Planning Requirements
Requirements

Figure 1.4 Typical Mass Balance Diagram

Figure
Figure 1.4
1.4 –– Typical
Typical Mass Balance
Balance Diagram
Diagram
INFLOW
INFLOWPARTICULARS
PARTICULARS
QQ = =
BOD
BOD= = 10%
10%SSSStotobe
beremoved
removed
SSSS= = PHYSICAL
PHYSICALTREATMENT
TREATMENT
1)1)PRIMARY
PRIMARYSCREEN
SCREEN
2)2)SECONDARY
SECONDARYSCREEN
SCREEN

QiQi= =
BOD= =
BOD Qe
SS= = QQ == Qi
Qi ++ Qr
Qr ++ Qw
Qw Qe ==
SS BOD == BOD
BOD ==
BOD
SS ==
SS SECONDARY
SS
SS ==
SECONDARY CLARIFIER
CLARIFIER

AERATIONTANK
AERATION TANK
OVERFLOW
OVERFLOW SS
SS CONC
CONC== OUTLET
OUTLET
MLSS= = BOD
MLSS BOD ==

Qr
Qr++Qw
Qw==
Qr, Xr BOD =
Qr, Xr BOD =
Qr = X Qi = SS =
Qr = X SS =
BOD = Qi =
BOD
SS ==
SS =

AEROBIC DIGESTED
AEROBIC DIGESTED
SLUDGE HOLDING TANK
SLUDGE HOLDING TANK

Qw =
Qw ==
BOD
BOD
SS ==
SS ==
1%DS
1%DS =

SLUDGE THICKENER
SLUDGE THICKENER

Qw =
Qw ==
BOD
BOD
SS ==
4%DS
SS =
4%DS =
Qw OVERFLOW =
Qw OVERFLOW =

Sludge to be pumped to Sand Drying Bed

For Dewatering
Sludge to 25% to
to be pumped Dry SolidDrying Bed
Sand
For Dewatering to 25% Dry Solid

Figure 1.5 Typical Electrical Single Line Diagram

Figure 1.5 - Typical Electrical Single Line Diagram
Figure 1.5 - Typical Electrical Single Line Diagram
S IN G L E L IN E L A Y O U T D IA G R A M F O R A IR B L O W E R S IN G L E L IN E L A Y O U T D IA G R A M F O R
M O T O R S E .Q P U M P S A N D S S T P U M P R A W S E W A G E S U B M E R S IB L E P U M P
S IN G L E L IN E L A Y O U T D IA G R A M F O R A IR B L O W E R S IN G L E L IN E L A Y O U T D IA G R A M F O R
M O T O R S E .Q P U M P S A N D S S T P U M P R A W S E W A G E S U B M E R S IB L E P U M P
ARM Cable

ARM Cable
PUMP PUMP

PUMP PUMP
ARM Cable

ARM Cable
Using 4c x 2.5mm ARM Cable

Using 4c x 2.5mm ARM Cable

Using 4c x 2.5mm ARM Cable

Using 4c x 2.5mm ARM Cable

no.1 (3.7kW)

Air blower motor no.2 (3.7kW)

2 x 1.5mm sq. PVC

sq. PVCsq. PVC

SUBMERSIBRE
4c x 2.5mm

4c x 2.5mm
SUBMERSIBLE
EQ Pump no. 1 (0.6kW)

EQ Pump no. 2 (0.6kW)

ARM Cable

Using 4c x 2.5mm ARM Cable

Using 4c x 2.5mm ARM Cable

Using 4c x 2.5mm ARM Cable

Air blower motor no.1 (3.7kW)

Air blower motor no.2 (3.7kW)

x 1.5mm sq. PVC

PVCsq. PVC
SUBMERSIBRE
Outlet Outlet

x 2.5mm

x 2.5mm
SUBMERSIBLE
To Control Circuit

CIRCUIT
2 x 2.5mm
EQ Pump no. 1 (0.6kW)

EQ Pump no. 2 (0.6kW)

2.5mmmotor

D IS T R IB U T IO N B O X F O R
Using

Using
13A Socket
To Control Circuit
Airx blower

CIRCUIT
1.5mm
x 2.5mm

L IG H T IN G A N D P O W E R
Using 4c

Using 4c
RAW SEWAGE

RAW SEWAGE

TO CONTROL
NO.1 (2.4kW)

NO.2 (2.4kW)
E. STOP Using 2Using

Using 2Using

2 x sq.

D IS T R IB U T IO N B O X F O R
13A Socket

x 1.5mm

L IG H T IN G A N D P O W E R
Using 4c

TO COMPOUND LIGHTING (2 nos)

RAW SEWAGE

RAW SEWAGE

TO CONTROL
NO.1 (2.4kW)

NO.2 (2.4kW)

Using 2 Using

D S D S
TO 36W FLOUERECENT LIGHT

TO COMPOUND LIGHTING (2 nos)

TO 13A SOCKET OUTLET

D S D S D S
TO 36W FLOUERECENT LIGHT
TOR

TOR

TOR

TOR

TO 13A SOCKET OUTLET

E. STOP

D S
TOR

TOR
TOR

TOR

TOR

TOR

PSR
DOL

DOL

DOL

DOL

SPARE
TOR

TOR
A

A
20A SPN20A SPN
TPN

TPN

TPN

TPN

SPN

DOL
MCB 6APSR

DOL
DOL

DOL

DOL

DOL
MCB

MCB

MCB

MCB
MCB

MCB
MCB 20A

MCB 20A

MCB 16A

MCB 16A

SPARE
A

A
TPN20A TPN20A

TPN20A TPN20A
20A TPN

20A TPN

16A TPN

16A TPN

SPN6A SPN6A
6A SPN

MCB

MCB

MCB
DOL

DOL
MCB

R Y B
MCB

MCB

MCB

24T

3x5A
0 -5 0 0 V
R Y B
R YS /sB
w
3x5A
24T
10A

20A
20A

0 -4 0 A
6A

3x5A 0 -5 0 0 V
S /s w 0 -5 0 0 V R SY/s wB
S /s w
PSR P HA SE S EQ UENC E 3x5A 0 -3 0 A
10A

20A
20A

R E L A Y0 -4 0 A
6A

S /s w 0 -5 0 0 V
S /s w S /s w
4 0 /0 .3 A 4 p R C C B 4 0 /0 .3 A 4 p R C C B 4 0 /0 .1 A
2P R CCB
PSR P HA SE S EQ UENC E 0 -3 0 A
R E LA Y E E
40A TP N 10KA M C C B S P +N 30K A 3 0 A T P + N 1 0SK/s
AwM C C B
1 04 0K/0
A .1
MAC C B
4 0 /0 .3 A 4 p R C C B 2P R CCB 4 0 /0 .3 A 4 p R C C B
U S IN G 4 C x 1 6 m m P V C /S W A P V C A R M . C A B L E U S IN G 4 C x 1 0 m m P V C /S W A /P V C A R M . C A B L E U S IN G 2 C x 6 m
E m P V C /S W A /P V C A R M . C A B L E E
40A TP N 10KA M C C B 30A TP +N 10KA M C C B S P +N 30K A
10 KA M CCB
40A TP+N 30A TP +N 30A SP+N
U S IN G 4 C x 1 6 m m P V C /S W A P V C A R M . C AMBCL CEB U S IN G 4 C x 1 0 m m P V C /S W A /P V C A R M . CMACBCLB E U S IN G 2 C x 6 m m P V C /S W A /P V C A R M .MCCAC BBLE

40A TP+N R Y B 30A TP +N 30A SP+N

MCCB MCCB MCCB
6A 0 -50 0V
V .s .s w
R Y B
3 x 6 0 /5 A 0 -6 0 A
6A V .s .s w 0 -50 0V
V .s
P .s
HA wS E S E Q U E N C E
PSR
R E L A Y 0 -6 0 A
3 x 6 0 /5 A
6 3 /0 .3 A 4 pV .s
RC .sC
wB

PSR PHASE SEQUENCE E

6 0 A T P + N 2R5EKLAA Y
(4 P O L E ) M C C B

6 3 /0 .3 A 4 p R C C B

E
6 0 A T P + N 2 5 K A (4 P O L E ) M C C B S IN G L E L IN E L A Y O U T D IA G R A M F O R
415 V S U P P LY M A IN S W IT C H B O A R D
3 PHASE
T N B M E T E R IN G
PANEL S IN G L E L IN E L A Y O U T D IA G R A M F O R
415 V S U P P LY M U L T IC O R E A R M O U R E D
3 PHASE C ABLE TO M A IN S W IT C H B O A R D
T N B R E Q U IM E N T
T N B M E T E R IN G
PANEL
M U L T IC O R E A R M O U R E D
IN C O M IN G S C
U APBPLLEYT F
OR O M
T N B R E Q U IM E N T
M A IN D B 4 1 5 V

IN C O M IN G S U P P L Y F R O M
M A IN D B 4 1 5 V

12 Volume 4 Malaysian Sewerage

10 Volume 4 Industry Guidelines
Malaysian Sewerage
Industry Guidelines
10 Volume 4 Malaysian Sewerage
Industry Guidelines