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Robbie cannot speak, but he looks humanoid.

Robbie is a nursemaid
to a little girl named Gloria. However, Gloria’s mother dislikes Gloria’s
attachment to Robbie. For this reason, Gloria’s mother finally
convinces her husband to sell Robbie back to US Robots. When
Gloria refuses to break out of her depression after Robbie’s departure,
her mother decides to plan a trip to New York.

As the days go by, Gloria's mom ends up accepting Robbie because


when they went to the robot factory, Robbie saved Gloria's life by being
in a situation where his life was at risk.
The mom ends up accepting Robbie because when they went to
Robbie again to the factory saved the life of glory to be in a situation
where his life was at risk

Powell and Donovan, they have been assigned to a space station,


they construct a robot, QT1, known to them as Cutie, this robot is
different from most .
Powell and Donovan later regret this, for the robot soon assumes that
the humans are inferior, and refuses to obey any commands from
them. It comes to this conclusion because Powell and Donovan have
lower intelligence than it.
It invents its own religion, The master is your leader concluding that it
must become the Prophet of the Master, and soon converts the rest of
the robots on the ship of this new religion, preventing Powell and
Donovan from restraining it by force.
The situation seems desperate, as a solar storm is expected,
potentially deflecting the energy beam. When the storm hits, Powell
and Donovan are amazed to find that the beam operates perfectly.
Cutie, however, does not believe it did anything other than maintain
meter readings at optimum, according to the commands of The Master.

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Chapter 4: catch that rabbit

2016: Asteroid. Donovan and Powell are sent to an asteroid to test a mining robot, DV-5
(Dave), that controls six subrobots. Dave has a problem: sometimes, for no apparent reason,
the robot stops mining and starts marching his subrobots in drills.

Though upset at his own behavior, Dave can't explain why he is doing this. Donovan and
Powell interview a subrobot, but that is like asking a "finger" why the hand does what it does.

They figure out that situations requiring personal initiative (e.g., emergencies) cause the
problem.

But they can't understand why because Dave always resumes his correct duties when they
show up.

They can't take Dave apart to test him: all the circuits are intertwined, which means that
testing them in isolation won't help. They decide to create an emergency without Dave
knowing and then watch what happens.

They cause a cave-in on themselves, but Dave goes marching off with his subrobots, leaving
them trapped. Powell then shoots one of the subrobots. Dave comes back to rescue them.
Powell figured out that the six subrobots needed more command attention during an
emergency, which put too much stress on "a special co-ordinating circuit." With fewer robots
to attend to, Dave was able to handle emergencies. At the end of this tale the frame story
resumes with Susan Calvin.

The reporter asks her if a robot had ever "gone wrong" on her watch. She hesitates, but then
admits that this did happen once, and launches into the story of Herbie.

Little Lost Robot

2029: Hyper Base. Susan Calvin and Peter Bogert are called to a hyper base to identify one
missing NS-S (Nestor) robot out of a fleet of sixty-three seemingly identical models.

The missing robot is identical to all the others except that its positronic brain is not fully wired
with the entire First Law of Robotics (against harming humans).

It turns out that a worker, Gerald Black, got annoyed with the robot and told it, "Go lose
yourself." Obeying the order, Nestor 10 made itself indistinguishable from other robots. To
flush out Nestor 10, Calvin arranges to have all the robots see a rock drop toward a human
(the rock is deflected at the last second).

She measures the reaction time of the robots as they rush to protect the human, reasoning
that the robot that is not wired with a complete First Law will react differently.

Her reasoning is wrong: they all react the same way. She tries another strategy. She tells the
robots that they will be electrocuted if they move towards the human. Calvin reasons that only
the robot with a weak First Law won't move because the Third Law, self-preservation, will
equal, not override, the First Law. But Nestor 10 had pointed out to the other robots earlier
that if they were going to die, they wouldn't be able to save the person anyway, so it was
better not to move so they could live to save someone else another day.

Finally, Calvin arranges a third test to flush out Nestor 10. Only Nestor 10 can tell the
difference between harmless and harmful radiation. When the Nestor robots are all told that
harmful radiation will be between them and the person in danger, all but one-Nestor 10-
remain seated when the rock falls. Nestor 10 moves because he can see that the radiation is
not dangerous.

He tries to attack Calvin because she has found him out and the Second Law (obey orders)
outweighs the weak First Law (don't harm people). But because the room is bathed in gamma
radiation, which kills robot brains, she survives.

In "Escape!", Many research organizations are working to develop the hyperspace drive. US
Robots are approached by their biggest competitor with plans for a working hyperspace engine
that allows humans to survive the jump (a theme which would be further developed in other
stories). But they are wary because, in performing the calculations, their rival's (non-
positronic) supercomputer destroyed itself.

US Robots find a way to feed the information to their own computer, a positronic one known
as The Brain (which is not a robot in the strictest sense of the word, as it does not move),
without the same thing happening. The Brain then directs the building of a hypership.

Powell and Donovan board the ship, and the ship takes off without being aware of it. They also
find that The Brain has become a practical joker; it has not built any manual controls for the
ship, no showers either and it only supplies tinned beans and milk for the crew to survive on.

Eventually, the ship does successfully return to Earth after a hyperspace jump, and Susan
Calvin discovers what has happened. A hyperspace jump causes the crew of the ship to cease
existing for a brief moment, which is a violation of the First Law (albeit temporary) and this
frightens the AI of "The Brain" into irrational, childish behavior as a means of coping.

Chapter 7: evidence

Stephen Byerley is a lawyer, a successful, middle-aged prosecutor, a humanitarian who never


presses for the death penalty. He runs for Mayor of New York City, but Francis Quinn's political
machine smears him, claiming that he is a humanoid robot, that is, a machine built to look like
a human being. If this is true the hysteria would ruin his campaign, as of course, only human
beings are allowed to run for office. Quinn approaches U.S. Robots and Mechanical Men
Corporation, the world's only supplier of positronic robot brains, and attempts to persuade
them that Byerley must be a robot. No one has ever seen Byerley eat or sleep, Quinn reports.

All attempts to prove or disprove Byerley's humanity fail. I've visited the U.S. Robots offices,
where the Chief Robopsychologist Susan Calvin offers him an apple. Quite nonchalantly,
Byerley takes a bite - proving nothing, since he has been designed with an emergency
stomach. Quinn attempts to take clandestine X-ray photographs, but Byerley wears a device
which fogs the camera. Through all these investigations, Byerley remains calm and smiling,
pointing out that he is only upholding his civil rights, just as he would for others if he is elected.
His opponents claim that, as a robot, he has not civil rights, but they must have a robot, before
they can deny his rights as a human - including his right not to submit to physical examination.

Once all physical means are exhausted, Susan Calvin indicates that they must turn to the
psychological side. If Byerley is a robot, I must obey the Three Laws of Robotics. Were Byerley
to violate one of the Laws, he would clearly be a human, since no robot can contradict its basic
programming. However, if Byerley obeys the Laws, it still does not prove to be a robot, since
the Laws were invented with human morality in mind. "I've been able to be a very good man,"
observes Dr. Calvin.
Ironically, to prove himself to be a human being, Byerley must demonstrate that he is capable
of harming a human. Byerley never confirms or denies his flesh-and-blood status and lets the
entire campaign ride on this single issue. While he is giving a speech, a heckler rushes the
stage, and the heckler asks to be hit in the face. Byerley complies and punches the heckler in
the face. Most people are convinced that they are human, and the emotional uproar
demolishes Quinn's smear campaign. Byerley wins the election without further difficulty.

In the final scene, Susan Calvin confronts Byerley, who is again spending a late night awake.
She says that she is somewhat regretful Byerley turned out human, because after all, a robot
would make an ideal ruler, one incapable of cruelty or injustice. In an almost teasing speech,
remove unlike his usual self, Dr. Calvin notes that there is one case, "just one", where a robot
may avoid the First Law: when the "man" who is harmed is merely another humanoid robot.
This implies that the heckler whom Byerley punched may have been a robot, and if that was
the case, Byerley had not broken the First Law, leaving the question of his humanity open. At
the end Dr. Calvin notes that Byerley had his body atomized upon his "death" thus wiping out
any evidence either way.

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