PASSIVE VOICE: PAST PERFECT

Câu chủ động: S + had +V3/Ved +O

Câu bị động: S2 + had been V3/Ved + by +O
Lưu ý:
– Khi chuyển qua câu bị động, chúng ta dùng had been ở bất cứ trường hợp chủ ngữ
nào.
VD: 1. He had read the book before Nina came.
→ The book had been read before Nina came.
2. Henry had learned English for ten years when he moved to London.
→ English had been learned by Henry for ten years when he moved to London.

I. Đổi sang câu bị động.

1. I had bought this pen before I went to bed last night.
2. Nina had washed the dishes.
3. I had written a report.
4. Sam had done his exercise by noon.
5. They had not finished the report before they had a test.
6. We had seen this movie before Nina called.
7. After I had cleaned the house, I went to school.
8. After Mark had washed his clothes, he studied.
9. Vicky had ironed the clothes by noon.
10. I hadn’t brushed my teeth before I went to bed last night.

II. Đổi sang câu chủ động.

1. The novel had been read by Nina before she went to school.
2. The book had been read by evening.
3. The floor had been cleaned when I arrived.
4. The work had been finished by my brother when I came.
5. The letter had been mailed by my friend.
6. The pilot had been warned about the storm before he took off.
7. The book had been read when Nina came.
8. The dishes had been washed by my mother when I went home.