http://jrpr.org/upload/pdf/jrpr-41-179.

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Dosimetric characteristics of manganese
doped lithium triborate thermoluminescent
material
Abstract

Lithium triborate phosphor material with various dopants was synthesized by the solid sate
diffusion method. Manganese doped Lithium triborate (LTB), LiB3O5 showed a single
Thermoluminescence (TL) glow peak at 230 °C which is suitable for radiation dosimetry
application. The TL sensitivity of newly synthesized, tissue equivalent (Zeff – 7.23)
LiB3O5:Mn is about 25% of TLD-100. But this material has the advantage of single peak
which make the annealing process of the material simple for reuse. Various dosimetric
properties of the material is studied and reported here. Mn dopant concentration of 3 mole%
showed maximum TL sensitivity. Irradiated sample showed TL emission at 600 nm due to
Mn2+. This material has a linear dose response and with good storage stability. The kinetic
parameters for the dosimetric peak of LiB3O5:Mn at 230 °C was studied by three different
methods. It was observed that the trap depth was found to be around 1.15 eV. The frequency
factor was of the order of 1013 s−1 and the order of kinetics is around 1.3.

Thermoluminescent characteristics of
LiF:Mg, Cu, P and CaSO4:Dy for low dose
measurement
Highlights

 Several dosimetric characteristics were evaluated.

 TL dose response to very low dose X-rays was studied.
 The applications proposed for each material may be useful for diagnostic
radiology dosimetry.

Abstract

Thermoluminescence (TL) characteristics for LiF:Mg, Cu, P, and CaSO4:Dy under the
homogeneous field of X-ray beams of diagnostic irradiation and its verification using
thermoluminescence dosimetry are presented. The irradiation were performed utilizing a
conventional X-ray equipment installed at the Hospital Juárez Norte of México. Different
thermoluminescence characteristics of two material were studied, such as batch homogeneity,
glow curve, linearity, detection threshold, reproducibility, relative sensitivity and fading.
Materials were calibrated in terms of absorbed dose to the standard calibration distance and
they were positioned in a generic phantom. The dose analysis, verification and comparison
with the measurements obtained by the TLD-100 were performed. Results indicate that the
dosimetric peak appears at 202 °C and 277.5 °C for LiF:Mg, Cu, P and CaSO4:Dy,
respectively. TL response as a function of X-ray dose showed a linearity behavior in the very
low dose range for all materials. However, the TLD-100 is not accurate for measurements
below 4 mGy. CaSO4:Dy is 80% more sensitive than TLD-100 and it show the lowest
detection threshold, whereas LiF:Mg, Cu, P is 60% more sensitive than TLD-100. All
materials showed very good repeatability. Fading for a period of one month at room
temperature showed low fading LiF:Mg, Cu, P, medium and high for TLD-100 and
CaSO4:Dy. The results suggest that CaSO4:Dy and LiF:Mg, Cu, P are suitable for
measurements at low doses used in radiodiagnostic.

TL and OSL dosimetric characterization of

different luminescent materials for clinical
electron beams application in TSEB
treatments
Highlights

 Evaluation and comparison TLDs and OSLDs to clinical 6 MeV electron beam
applied to TSEB treatments.
 LiF: Mg,Ti TLD-100, µLiF, CaSO4:Dy + Teflon pellets and Al2O3:C TLD-500
intrinsic efficiency to 6 MeV electron beam.
 High dose and angular dependency for µLiF and Al2O3:C TLD-500
measurements.
 µLiF and Al2O3:C TLD-500, with corrections needed, as easy-to-take
alternative tools for TSEB dosimetry.
 LiF: Mg,Ti and CaSO4:Dy match performance as easy-to-take alternative tools
for TSEB dosimetry.

Abstract

Thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) play an important role in radiotherapy for the

dosimetry of ionizing radiation. This type of dosimeter presents advantages that makes them
a useful tool for measurements in anthropomorphic phantoms and in vivo dosimetry. Several
dosimetric materials have been used in the radiotherapy sectors such as LiF, µLiF,
CaSO4:Dy. The OSL dosimetry has also been widely applied using Aluminum Oxide
(Al2O3:C). These dosimeters have advantages over TLDs due to their high sensitivity,
extensive linearity in response to the dose, faster reading, possibility of multiple readings and
the need to perform the heat treatment of the samples. The aim of this work was to compare
and characterize, using TL and OSL techniques, different luminescent dosimeters (LiF, µLiF,
CaSO4:Dy and Al2O3:C) to be applied in clinical electron beam used to TSEB treatments.
Measurements were performed in order to study the applicability of these detectors as easy-
to-take alternatives to calibration and measurements of TSEB treatments. Parameters such as
dose-response curves; average sensitivity to radiation, intrinsic efficiency and energy and
angular dependences were evaluated. The results show good agreement within CaSO4:Dy and
TLD-100 measurements and, applying energy and angle dependence factors over the other
two materials, all the four detectors can be applied as alternative easy-to-take dosimetric tools
for commissioning and quality assurance of 6 MeV clinical electron beams used in TSEB
treatments.

 Previous article in issue

Thermoluminescence characteristics of Ge-

doped optical fibers with different
dimensions for radiation dosimetry

Highlights
 Five different dimension Ge-doped silica optical fibers were used as TL-material.
 The effective atomic number (Zeff) of the fiber samples was in the range 13.25–13.69.
 The TL response of the samples was compared against standard TLD-100 chips and
commercial Ge doped optical fibers.
 The largest core optical fiber (100 μm) provided TL yield some 4 times greater than that of
the commercial Ge-doped optical fiber.

Abstract

Important thermoluminescence (TL) properties of five (5) different core sizes Ge-doped
optical fibers have been studied to develop new TL material with better response. These are
drawn from same preform applying different speed and tension during drawing phase to
produce Ge-doped optical fibers with five (5) different core sizes. The results of the
investigations are also compared with most commonly used standard TLD-100 chips
(LiF:Mg,Ti) and commercial multimode Ge-doped optical fiber (Yangtze Optical Fiber,
China). Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and EDX analysis of the fibers are also
performed to map Ge distribution across the deposited region. Standard Gamma radiation
source in Secondary Standard Dosimetry Lab (SSDL) was used for irradiation covering dose
range from 1 Gy to 10 Gy. The essential dosimetric parameters that have been studied are TL
linearity, reproducibility and fading. Prior to irradiation all samples ∼0.5 cm length are
annealed at temperature of 400 °C for 1 h period to standardize their sensitivities and
background. Standard TLD-100 chips are also annealed for 1 h at 400 °C and subsequently
2 h at 100 °C to yield the highest sensitivity. TL responses of these fibers show linearity over
a wide gamma radiation dose that is an important property for radiation dosimetry. Among all
fibers used in this study, 100 μm core diameter fiber provides highest response that is 2.6
times than that of smallest core (20 μm core) optical fiber. These fiber-samples demonstrate
better response than commercial multi-mode optical fiber and also provide low degree of
fading about 20% over a period of fifteen days for gamma radiation. Effective atomic number
(Zeff) is found in the range (13.25–13.69) which is higher than soft tissue (7.5) however
within the range of human-bone (11.6–13.8). All the fibers can also be re-used several times
as a detector after annealing. TL properties of the Ge-doped optical fibers indicate promising
applications in ionizing radiation dosimetry.

Thermoluminescence kinetic parameters of

different amount La-doped ZnB2O4
Highlights

Calculation of TL kinetic parameters for La-doped ZnB2O4

La-doped ZnB2O4 was synthesized by nitric acid method.

Well defined main peak at about 200 °C.

Abstract

The kinetic parameters of 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% La-doped ZnB2O4 phosphors (i.e.
ZnB2O4:0.01La, ZnB2O4:0.02La, ZnB2O4:0.03La and ZnB2O4:0.04La) synthesized by nitric
acid method have been calculated. Thermoluminescence (TL) glow curves of ZnB2O4:La
phosphors after beta-irradiation showed a very well defined main peak having the maximum
temperature at around 200 °C and a shoulder peak at around 315 °C with a constant heating
rate of 5 °C/s. The kinetic parameters of ZnB2O4:La phosphors TL glow peaks (i.e. order of
kinetics (b), activation energies (Ea) and frequency factors (s)) have been determined and
evaluated by Computerized Glow Curve Deconvolution (CGCD), and Peak Shape (PS)
methods using the glow curve data. From the results, it can conclude that the values of Ea
obtained with these methods for ZnB2O4:La phosphors are consistent with each other, but the
s values differ considerably.
The Analysis of Thermoluminescent
Glow Peaks in CaF2:Tm (TLD-300)

Abstract

Computerised glow curve fitting, the variable heating rate method, Tm-Tstop procedure and the dose
variation method are used to determine the number of peaks, the order of kinetics, the activation
energy E and the attempt-to-escape frequency s associated with the glow peaks in single crystals of
CaF2:Tm (TLD-300). Dose variation and the Tm-Tstop procedure indicate that there are only first-order
kinetic TL processes in the temperature range from 300 K to 600 K. Glow curve analysis indicates
that the glow curve in this temperature range can be best described as a superposition of six peaks.
Trapping parameters found with glow curve fitting are found to be constant for glow curves measured
at heating rates varying from 0.24 K.s-1 to 3.0 K.s-1. Glow curve fitting and the variable heating rate
method yield trapping parameters for main peak 3 which agree reasonably well (E = 1.15 ± 0.02 eV
and 1.22 ± 0.04 eV respectively). For all other peaks there is no, or doubtful, agreement. The
discrepancy may be caused by the presence of several emission bands at different wavelengths. The
possibility of using computerised glow curve analysis in obtaining more information on the radiation
quality in mixed radiation fields is discussed.

Copper activated LiF nanorods as TLD

material for high exposures of gamma-
rays
Author links open overlay panelNumanSalahZishan H.KhanSami S.Habib

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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2009.08.014Get rights and content

Abstract
Lithium fluoride (LiF) doped with proper activators is a highly sensitive phosphor commonly
used for radiation dosimetry using thermoluminescence (TL) technique. Nanorods of this
material activated with Cu, Mg and P as single dopants are synthesized in our laboratory
and exposed to gamma-rays for their thermoluminescence (TL) properties. The induced TL
glow curves of the Cu, Mg and P doped samples are similar with a single peak at 410 K.
Copper doped sample is found to be the most sensitive sample with TL intensity around 65,
7 and 8 times of those of LiF:Mg, LiF:P and LiF:Mg,Cu,P, respectively, indicating that Cu is
the luminescence center in the host of LiF nanorods, while Mg and P act as TL quencher
particularly when used as codopants. These observations on the nanostructured form of LiF
doped with these activators are entirely different from those of the widely studied
LiF:Mg,Cu,P and LiF:Mg,Ti single crystals. The nanorods of LiF:Cu might be used for heavy
doses measurement as they are sensitive to gamma-rays and have a linear TL response
curve in a long span of exposures.

Fading characteristics of different

thermoluminescent dosimeters
Author links open overlay panelB.BurgkhardtR.Herrera∗E.Piesch

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https://doi.org/10.1016/0029-554X(76)90246-9Get rights and content

Abstract
Fading results are presented for TLD materials in the temperature range 5°C to 100°C and for relative
humidities of 31% to 98% during storage periods of up to 50 d. The TL detectors investigated are LiF:
Mg, Ti, CaF2: Dy ribbons as well as LiF: Mg, Ti, CaSO4: Dy, Li2B4O7: Mn in teflon. For LiF: Mg, Ti
and CaSO4: Dy the best fading characteristics were found.