TOPIC 1: TRADE

1. What is trade (1mk)

2. Outline two methods of trade (2mks)

3. Give three disadvantages of barter trade (3mks)

4. Explain four advantages of currency trade over barter trade (8mks)

5. Identify three types of trade (3mks)

6. What is the significance of local trade (7mks)

7. Mention two characteristics of regional trade (2mks)

8. Describe the organization of the Trans-Saharan trade (12mks)

9. What factors led to the development of Trans Saharan trade (10mks)

10. Give five goods traded during the Trans Saharan trade (5mks)

11. Name three trade routes used during the Trans Saharan trade (3mks)

12. Discuss five challenges faced by Trans Saharan traders (10mks)

13. Explain six outcomes of Trans Saharan trade (12mks)

14. State five reasons for the decline of Trans Saharan trade (12mks)

15. Give one content of the Periplus of the Erythrean Sea (1mk)

16. State four reasons why Europe wanted to expand in the 15th century (4mks)

17. Give three reasons for the growth of Triangular trade (3mks)

18. Why were African slaves preferred during the Triangular trade (4mks)

19. Give four factors which made it easy to acquire slaves during the Triangular trade
(4mks)

20. Identify six ways of acquiring slaves during the Triangular trade (6mks)

21. State five economic results of the Triangular trade (5mks)

22. What factors led to the decline of Triangular trade (12mks)

TOPIC 2: TRANSPORT

1. Define the term transport (1mk)

2. Give three disadvantages of human porterage (3mks)

 3. Name six pack animals (6mks)

4. State four advantages of animal transport (4mks)

5. Give five demerits of animal transport (5mks)

6. Name the group of people who invented the wheel (1mk)

7. Identify three forms of water transport (3mks)

8. Outline four characteristics of ancient Roman roads (4mks)Give two characteristics of

macadamized roads (2mks)

9. Who invented the bicycle (1mk)

10. Who invented the motor vehicle (1mk)

11. How has the road contributed to transport (2mks)

12. Give four disadvantages of road transport (4mks)

13. Name two people who contributed to the development of rail transport (2mks)

14. Explain five demerits of rail transport (10mks)

15. Mention two demerits of pipeline transport (2mks)

16. Discuss six results of air transport (12mks)

17. Give two challenges facing space exploration (2mks)

18. Explain six negative effects of modern forms of transport (12mks)

TOPIC 3: COMMUNICATION

1. What is communication (1mk)

2. Name four traditional forms of communication (4mks)

3. State three limitations of each of the following:

a) Fire and smoke signals (3mks)

b) Messengers (3mks)

c) Telephone (3mks)

d) Radio (3mks)

e) Internet (3mks)

4. Name the inventors of each of the following:

a) Telephone (1mk)
 b) Radio (1mk)

c) Television (1mk)

d) Facsimile (1mk)

5. State three importances of radio (3mks)

6. Give four results of the internet (3mks)

7. Discuss six results of telecommunications (12mks)

8. What are print media (1mk)

9. Identify three types of newspapers (3mks)

10. Which is the oldest magazine in Kenya (1mk)

TOPIC 4: DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRY

1. Define industry (1mk)

2. Define energy (1mk)

3. Name three early sources of energy (3mks)

4. Outline six uses of wood (6mks)

5. Give two divisions of metal age (2mks)

6. State four advantages of metals over stone (4mks)

7. Which was the first metal to be used by man (1mk)

8. Give four uses of the following:

a) Gold (4mks)

b) Copper (4mks)

c) Bronze (4mks)

9. Give three limitations of bronze (3mks)

10. What factors facilitated the spread of iron working (5mks)

11. Discuss six effects of iron working (12mks)

12. What is industrial revolution (1mk)

13. Explain six characteristics of industrial revolution in Europe (12mks)

14. Identify three major sources of energy during the industrial revolution in Europe
(3mks)
 15. State four disadvantages of coal (4mks)

16. Give four uses of each of the following:

a) Oil (4mks)

b) Steam (4mks)

c) Electricity (4mks)

d) Solar (4mks)

17. Mention three advantages of steel over iron (3mks)

18. Explain six factors that facilitated industrialization in Britain (12mks)

19. Outline five reasons for industrialization in Europe (10mks)

20. Discuss the social and political effects of industrial revolution in Europe (12mks)

21. What is renaissance (1mk)

22. What is science (1mk)

23. What is revolution (1mk)

24. State the contribution of the following people to science:

a) John Dalton (1mk)

b) Charles Darwin (1mk)

c) Gottlieb Daimler (1mk)

d) Nicolas Appert (1mk)

e) Robert Koch (1mk)

f) Alexander Flemming (1mk)

25. What factors facilitated the scientific revolution (10mks)

26. State five factors that undermine scientific revolution in developing countries (5mks)

27. Discuss six factors for the emergence of Germany as an industrial power (12mks)

28. What challenges face third world nations (10mks)

29. State six factors influencing industrialization in Brazil (6mks)

30. Outline five possible challenges facing India (5mks)

TOPIC 5: URBANIZATION
 1. Define urbanization (1mk)

2. Give five factors for the growth of Cairo (5mks)

3. Identify five problems facing Cairo (5mks)

4. State three factors for the growth of Meroe (3mks)

5. Give four reasons for the growth of Kilwa (4mks)

6. Explain six reasons for the decline of early urban centres (12mks)

7. Identify four classes of ancient Athens (4mks)

8. Give four reasons for the growth of Athens (4mks)

9. State five challenges facing London (5mks)

10. Explain five problems facing Johannesburg (10mks)

11. Give four solutions to challenges facing Nairobi (4mks)

12. Identify four functions of:

a) Athens (4mks)

b) BLondon (4mks)

c) Nairobi (4mks)

13. Discuss six impacts of agrarian and industrial developments on urbanization

(12mks)

TOPIC 6: ORGANIZATION OF AFRICAN SOCIETIES IN THE 19TH CENTURY

1. Explain six factors for the growth of a strong Buganda kingdom (12mks)

2. Name six senior officials of the Buganda kingdom (6mks)

3. State five functions of the Lukiiko (5mks)

4. Describe the political organization of the Buganda kingdom (12mks)

5. Discuss the social organization of the Buganda kingdom (12mks)

6. Give five economic activities of the Buganda kingdom (5mks)

7. Describe the Shona culture in relation to:

a) Political organization (12mks)

b) Economic organization (12mks)

c) Social organization (12mks)

 8. Give six factors that led to the rise and growth of the Asante empire (6mks)

9. Describe the political organization of the Asante empire during the 19th century
(12mks)

10. Explain the social organization of the Asante empire during the 19th century (12mks)

TOPIC 7: CONSTITUTION AND CONSTITUTION MAKING

1. Define a constitution (1mk)

2. Give four factors that determine the form of constitution of a country (4mks)

3. State three functions of a constitution (3mks)

4. Name two types of a constitution (2mks)

5. Give five characteristics of a constitution (5mks)

6. Identify five advantages of a written constitution (5mks)

7. State four demerits of a written constitution (4mks)

8. Identify six sources of the British constitution (6mks)

9. Give four advantages of an unwritten constitution (4mks)

10. Outline four characteristics of a good constitution (4mks)

11. Give the main aim of the Second Lancaster House conference of 1962 (1mk)

12. Mention five constitutional reforms introduced by the IPPG in 1997 (5mks)

13. Name four organs established in 2001 to review the constitution (4mks)

14. Discuss the circumstances leading to the 2007-2008 election crisis (5mks)

15. State five provisions of the National Accord of 2008 (5mks)

16. Give any five recommendations of the Kriegler and Waki Commissions of 2008 (5mks)

17. Identify eight stages of the constitution making process in Kenya (8mks)

18. Discuss six features of the independence constitution of 1962 (12mks)

19. Explain six constitutional changes between 1963 and 2010 in Kenya (12mks)

20. Discuss any six chapters of the Kenya constitution 2010 (12mks)

21. Name three national days in Kenya (3mks)

22. Identify five new commissions established by the new constitution of Kenya 2010
(5mks)
TOPIC 8: DEMOCRACY AND HUMAN RIGHTS

1. Define democracy (1mk)

2. Give three aspects of democracy (3mks)

3. Give three types of democracy (3mks)

4. State five merits of democracy (5mks)

5. Identify five demerits of democracy (5mks)

6. Outline five principles of democracy (5mks)

7. What is a human right (1mk)

8. State six importances of human rights (6mks)

9. Give three classifications of human rights (3mks)

10. Name five groups that monitor human rights in Kenya (5mks)

11. Mention four characteristics of human rights (4mks)

12. State seven rights contained in the Universal declaration of human rights (7mks)

13. Name five special groups whose rights are protected in the Kenya Bill of Rights (5mks)

14. Discuss three categories of the rights of the child (6mks)

15. State six functions of the Kenya National Human Rights and Equality commission
(6mks)