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Critically Endangered & Endangered animals
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UPSC CS Prelims 2019

- Pizzza
About Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972

1. The Act provides for the protection of wild animals, birds and plants; and for matters connected
therewith or ancillary or incidental thereto. It extends to the whole of India, except the State of
Jammu and Kashmir which has its own wildlife act. It has six schedules which give varying
degrees of protection.
2. Schedule I and part II of Schedule II provide absolute protection - offences under these are
prescribed the highest penalties.
3. Species listed in Schedule III and Schedule IV are also protected, but the penalties are much
lower.
4. Schedule V includes the animals (Vermin) which may be hunted. No animals mentioned in
Schedule I and II can be declared vermin.
5. The specified endemic plants in Schedule VI are prohibited from cultivation and planting.
6. According to this act, “captive animal” means any animal, specified in Schedule 1, Schedule II,
Schedule III or Schedule IV, which is captured or kept or bred in captivity;
7. “wild animal” means any animal found wild in nature and includes any animal specified in
Schedule I, Schedule II, Schedule, IV or Schedule V, wherever found;
8. National board for Wildlife and Central Zoo Authority are constituted under the provisions of this
act.
9. The National parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries are declared under the provisions of this act after
the state government releases a notification regarding the same. Its usually the state government,
but the central government can also pass notification to declare NPs and WSs as per the provisions
of this act.
10. Zoo is recognized under the provisions of this act.
11. Schedule 1 contents
a. Part 1 – Mammals
b. Part 2 – Amphibians and Reptiles
c. Part 2A – Fishes
d. Part 3 – Birds
e. Part 4 – Crustacea and Insects
f. Part 4A – Coelenterates
g. Part 4B – Mollusca
h. Part 4C – Echinodermata
12. Schedule V contents
a. Common Crow
b. Fruit Bats
c. Mice
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d. Rats
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 13. Schedule VI contents
a. Beddomes’ cycad: native to India, where it is confined to a small area of Andhra Pradesh
state in the Tirumala Hills in scrubland and brush covered hills. It is classified as
“Endangered by IUCN”.
b. Blue Vanda (Orchid)
c. Red Vanda (Orchid)
d. Kuth: Essential oils extracted from the root have been used in traditional medicine and in
perfumes since ancient times.
e. Ladies Slipper Orchids
f. Pitcher Plant (Insectivorous plant)

CITES

1. CITES (the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora,
also known as the Washington Convention) is a multilateral treaty to protect endangered plants
and animals. It was drafted as a result of a resolution adopted in 1963 at a meeting of
members of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
2. It is an international agreement between governments. Its aim is to ensure that international trade
in specimens of wild animals and plants does not threaten their survival.
3. It is located in Geneva, Switzerland.
4. Appendix I, about 1200 species, are species that are threatened with extinction and are or
may be affected by trade. Commercial trade in wild-caught specimens of these species is illegal
(permitted only in exceptional licensed circumstances). Captive-bred animals or cultivated plants of
Appendix I species are considered Appendix II specimens, with concomitant requirements.
5. Notable animal species listed in Appendix I include the red panda (Ailurus fulgens), western gorilla
(Gorilla gorilla), the chimpanzee species (Pan spp.), tigers (Panthera tigris subspecies), Asiatic
lion (Panthera leo persica), leopards (Panthera pardus), jaguar (Panthera onca), cheetah (Acinonyx
jubatus), Asian elephant (Elephas maximus), some populations of African bush elephant
(Loxodonta africana), the dugong and manatees (Sirenia), and all rhinoceros species (except
some Southern African subspecies populations).
6. Appendix II, about 21,000 species, are species that are not necessarily threatened with
extinction, but may become so unless trade in specimens of such species is subject to strict
regulation in order to avoid utilization incompatible with the survival of the species in the wild. In
addition, Appendix II can include species similar in appearance to species already listed in the
Appendices. International trade in specimens of Appendix II species may be authorized by the
granting of an export permit or re-export certificate.
7. Appendix III, about 170 species, are species that are listed after one-member country has
asked other CITES Parties for assistance in controlling trade in a species. The species are not
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necessarily threatened with extinction globally.

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CMS

1. The Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals -- more commonly
abbreviated to just the Convention on Migratory Species (CMS) or the Bonn Convention and CMS
COP is known as Global Wildlife conference—aims to conserve terrestrial, marine and avian
migratory species throughout their range.
2. As an environmental treaty under the aegis of the United Nations Environment Programme,
CMS provides a global platform for the conservation and sustainable use of migratory animals and
their habitats.
3. Migratory species threatened with extinction are listed on Appendix I of the Convention.

IUCN

1. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) is a membership Union uniquely
composed of both government and civil society organisations. It provides public, private and
non-governmental organisations with the knowledge and tools that enable human progress,
economic development and nature conservation to take place together.
2. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (also known as the IUCN Red List or Red Data List),
founded in 1965, has evolved to become the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global
conservation status of biological species. It uses a set of criteria to evaluate the extinction risk of
thousands of species and subspecies. Species are classified by the IUCN Red List into nine groups,
a. Extinct (EX)
b. Extinct in the wild (EW)
c. Critically Endangered (CR)
d. Endangered (EN)
e. Vulnerable (VU)
f. Near Threatened (NT)
g. Least Concern (LC)
h. Data Deficient (DD)
i. Not Evaluated (NE)
3. IUCN protected area categories, or IUCN protected area management categories, are categories
used to classify protected areas in a system developed by the International Union for the
Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
a. Category Ia – Strict Nature Reserve
b. Category Ib – Wilderness Area
c. Category II – National Park
d. Category III – National monument or feature
e. Category IV – Habitat / Species Management Area
Category V – Protected Landscape / Seascape / Area
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f.
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g. Category VI – Protected Area with sustainable use of natural resources

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 MAMMALS (Part I) – Schedule 1&2 of Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972

Animal IUCN CITES CMS WPA Description

Status Appendix Appendix Sch #
#
Brow- CR I 1 Sangai (Dancing Deer) of Loktak Lake.
Antlered Deer
Asiatic Lion CR I 1 Panthera Leo Persica, Gir Range
(MoEFCC) State Animal of Gujarat
EN (IUCN)
Malabar Civet CR I III 1 Noctural, first found in Travancore,
Endemic to Western Ghats
Pygmy Hog CR I 1 Only found in Assam
Wroughton’s CR 1 Western Ghats, Northeast india,
Free Tailed Cambodia.
Bat Bhimgad wildlife sanctuary in Karnataka
Chinese CR II 2
Pangolin
Himalayan CR 2 Gray langurs are fairly terrestrial,
Grey Langur (MoEFCC) inhabiting forest, open lightly wooded
EN(IUCN) habitats, and urban areas on the Indian
subcontinent.
Namdhapa CR 2 Arboreal. Endemic to NorthEast India
Flying
Squirrel
Capped EN I 1 Arboreal. Herbivorous.
Langur
Blue Whale EN I I 1 Eats mainly crustaceans.
Ganges River EN I 1 National aquatic animal
Dolphin Official animal of Guwahati
Golden EN I 1
Langur
Asian EN I 1 State animal of Karnataka, Kerala and
Elephant Jharkhand
Lion Tailed EN I 1 Western Ghats
Macaque
Nilgiri Tahr EN 1 State animal of Tamil Nadu
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Greater One- EN I 1 State animal of Assam
horned (MoEFCC)
Rhinoceros VU(IUCN)
Tiger EN I 1
Ladakh Urial EN 1 Found in West Central Asia Also
(MoEFCC) Species of Sheep
VU(IUCN)
Salim Ali’s EN 1 Western Ghats
Fruit Bat
Western EN 1
Hoolock
Gibbon
Woolly Flying EN 2 Gilgit Baltistan
Squirrel
Parti-Colored EN 2 South East Asia
Flying (MoEFCC)
Squirrel LC(IUCN)
Irrawady DD I II 1 Chilika Lake
Dolphin (MoEFCC)
EN(IUCN)
Cheetah VU I 1
Clouded VU I 1 State animal of Meghalaya
Leopard
Dugong VU I II 1 Herbivorous marine mammal
State animal of Andaman
Fishing Cat VU 1 State animal of West Bengal
UP, West Bengal, Odisha and AP.
Asiatic Wild VU I II 1 Gujarat and Rajasthan
Ass (MoEFCC)
NT(IUCN)
Eastern VU 1 Primate species
Hoolock
Gibbon
Blackbuck NT 1 State animal of Andhra Pradesh,
Haryana and Punjab
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Other Critically Endangered animals not mentioned in Schedule 1&2 of WPA 1972,

1. Andaman White Toothed Shew, Jenkin’s Andaman Spiny Shrew and Nibobar white-tailed shew.
2. Kondana Rat (Maharashtra)
3. Large Rock Rat or Elvira Rat (Eastern Ghats)
4. Sumatran Rhinoceros (Foothills of Himalayas and North East India)

REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS (Part II) – Schedule 1 of Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972

Animal IUCN Status CITES CMS Description

Appendix Appendix
#
River Terrapin CR Omnivorous. South East Asia.
(Batagur
Baska)
Gharial CR National Chambal Sanctuary
Hawksbill CR Andaman, Tamil Nadu and Odisha
Turtle
Leatherback CR I I(II) Largest living sea turtle
Turtle Diet is mainly jellyfish
They swim about 45-60 km per day and
about 15000 km per year.
Found in tropical and temperate waters of
Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans.
Loggerhead EN(MoEFCC) I(II) Mostly in saltwater and Estuaries
Turtle VU(IUCN) Feeds on invertebrates
Omnivorous
Olive Ridley EN(MoEFCC) I/II The olive ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys
Sea Turtle VU(IUCN) olivacea), also known as the Pacific ridley
sea turtle, are the second smallest and
most abundant of all sea turtles found in the
world; this species of sea turtle is found in
warm and tropical waters, primarily in the
Pacific and Indian Oceans. They can also
be found in the warm waters of the Atlantic
Ocean.
Gahirmatha Beach in Odisha
Saltwater LC
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Crocodile
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Other Critically Endangered Reptiles/Amphibians not mentioned in Schedule 1 of WPA 1972,

1. Red Crowned Roof Turtle (Ganga basin – India, Nepal, Bangladesh)

2. Sispara Day Gecko (Western Ghats)
3. Anamalai Flying Frog
4. Gundia Flying Frog (Western Ghats)
5. Kerala Indian Frog
6. Charles’ Darwin Frog (Mount Harriet & Saddle Peak, Andaman)
7. Kottigehar Bubble-nest Frog (Karnataka)
8. Amboli Bush Frog (Maharashtra)
9. Chalazodes Bubble-nest Frog (Western Ghats)
10. Green-eyed Bushed Frog (Kerala)
11. Griet Bush Frog (Western Ghats)
12. Kaikatt’s Bush Frog (Kerala)
13. Mark’s Bush Frog (Western Ghtas)

Other important Reptiles/Amphibians not mentioned Schedule 1 of WPA 1972,

1. Indian Star Tortoise (Schedule IV)

2. Malabar Tree Toad (Schedule IV, EN)
3. King Cobra (Schedule II, Part II)
4. Sumatran Rhinoceros

FISHES (Part II A) – Schedule 1&2 of Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972

Animal IUCN Status CITES CMS Description

Appendix Appendix
#
Pondicherry CR
(Long-nosed)
Shark
Ganges Shark CR
Knife-tooth EN (IUCN) Western part of Indo-Pacific Ocean, and
Sawfish CR(MoEFCC) Red sea.
Freshwater CR
(Large-tooth)
Sawfish
Green (Long- CR
Comb) Sawfish
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Whale Shark VU II
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 BIRDS (Part III) – Schedule 1 of Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972

Animal IUCN Status CITES CMS Description

Appendix Appendix
#
Jerdon’s Courser CR Andhra Pradesh – Sri
Lankamalleshwara wildlife sanctuary.
Pink headed duck CR
Siberian White CR Used to visit Keoladeo Ghana National
Crane Park. Last sighted in 2002
White-rumped CR
vulture
Slender billed CR
vulture
White bellied heron CR Assam and Andhra Pradesh
Forest Spotted CR Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra
Owlet
Bengal Florican CR Uttar Pradesh, Assam and Arunachal
Pradesh
Himalayan/Mountain CR
Quail
Great Indian CR(IUCN) These birds are often found associated
Bustard EN(MoEFCC) in the same habitat as blackbuck.
State animal of Rajasthan
Lesser Florican EN
Narcondam Hornbill EN Andaman
White-winged wood EN
duck
Himalayan Monal LC
Pheasants
Hume’s Pheasant NT
Sarus Crane VU The sarus crane (Antigone antigone) is
a large non-migratory crane found in
parts of the Indian Subcontinent,
Southeast Asia and Australia. The
tallest of the flying birds, standing at a
height of up to 1.8 m (5 ft 11 in), they
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 are a conspicuous species of open
wetlands in south Asia.
Great Indian VU State animal of Arunachal Pradesh &
Hornbill Kerala

Other Critically Endangered Birds not mentioned in Schedule 1 of WPA 1972,

1. Sociable Lapwing
2. Spoon billed Sandpiper
3. Bugun Liocichla (Eagle Nest Wildlife Sanctuary, Arunachal Pradesh)

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