UNIT EXPECTED OUTCOMES

1. Describe biodiversity
and its interrelatedness
with the society,
environment and
2. health.
Identify the three types
of
biodiversi
3. ty Critique the impacts of
Genetically Modified
Organisms (GMOs) to society.
11/18/2020
 Biodiversity is the variety of life on
Earth and the essential
interdependence of all living things
• Scientists have identified more than 1.4 million species. Tens of
millions -- remain unknown (www.thecatalogueoflife.org)

• The tremendous variety of life on Earth is made possible by

complex interactions among all living things including micro-
oganisms.
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Types of Biodiversity

1. Genetic Diversity
• refers to a variety of expressed traits
or genes within the species.
• A gene is a unit of hereditary
information consisting of a
specific nucleotide sequence in
DNA.
Types of Biodiversity
1. Genetic Diversity
Chihuahuas, beagles, and rottweilers are all the same
species —but they're not the same because there is
variety in their genes.

Chihuahua Beagle
Rottweilers
Types of Biodiversity

2. Species Diversity
• to a variety of species or diversity between species.
• Species is a group of organisms or individuals with
the same gene pool or genetic characteristics and
capable of interbreeding with one another.
• Chance is the random process of birth, death, and
migration. Necessity is the laws of growth and
interaction, that is, different species flourish in different
conditions (Bernhardt, 1999).
Types of Biodiversity

2. Species Diversity
For example, monkeys, dragonflies, and
meadow beauties are all different species.

Saki Monkey Golden Skimmer Meadow Beauty

Types of
Biodiversity
3. Ecosystem diversity
• refers to a variety of species among
ecosystems in a given area
or of habitat, communities and
variety
ecological processes in a given
area or variety of habitat
Types of Biodiversity

3. Ecosystem diversity

Lakes, Ponds, and Rivers are all Freshwater

Ecosystems.

Rocky coast, Sand Dune, Estuary, Salt

Marsh
, Coral Reef are all Marine Ecosystems.
• 5th in the world as to number of plant
species;
• 8th in the world list of endemic plants;
• 4th in endemic birds;
• 5th in endemic mammals; and
• 8th in endemic reptiles.
Among the identified endemic species of the country, include
1. Rafflesia manillana, the world’s largest flower;
2. Vanda sanderiana (waling-waling), one of the world’s largest
orchid species;
3. Pithecophaga jefferyi (monkey-eating eagle), the largest bird;
4. Rhincodon typus, the largest fish;
5. Tridacna gigas (giant clam), the largest seashell;
6. Pandaka pygmea (dwarf goby), the smallest freshwater fish;
1. Rafflesia manillana, the world’s largest flower;
2. Vanda sanderiana (waling-waling), one of the world’s
largest orchid species;
3. Pithecophaga jefferyi(monkey -eating
eagle), the largest bird;
4. Rhincodon typus, the largest fish;
5. Tridacna gigas (giant clam), the largest seashell;
6. Pandaka pygmea (dwarf goby), the smallest
freshwater fish;

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2. Vanda sanderiana (waling-waling),one of the world’s
largest orchid species;
1. Pithecophaga jefferyi(monkey -eating
eagle), the largest bird;
2. Rhincodon typus, the largest fish;
3. Tridacna gigas (giant clam), the largest seashell;
4. Pandaka pygmea (dwarf goby), the smallest
freshwater fish;

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 3. Pithecophaga
jefferyi (monkey
-eating eagle), the
largest bird;

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4. Rhincodon typus, the largest fish;
1. Tridacna gigas (giant clam), the largest seashell;
2. Pandaka pygmea (dwarf goby), the smallest
freshwater fish;

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5. Tridacna gigas (giant clam), the largest seashell;
1. Pandaka pygmea (dwarf goby), the smallest
freshwater fish;

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6. Pandaka pygmea (dwarf goby), the smallest freshwater fish.

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 Among the identified endemic species of the country, include
7. Tarsius syrichta (tarsier), the smallest primate;
8. Tragalus nigricans, the smallest hoofed mammal;
9. Tylonycteris pachpus (bamboo bat), the smallest bat;
10. Pisidum, the tiniest shell in the world;
11.Connus gloriamaris, one of the most expensive shells in the world;

12. Cervus alfredi, the most endangered deer;

13.Bubalus mindorensis (tamarau or dwarf water buffalo), one of the top ten
most endangered species in the world and the largest endangered animal.
 8. Tragalus nigricans, the smallest hoofed
7. Tarsius syrichta (tarsier), mammal;
the smallest primate;

9. Tylonycteris pachpus (bamboo bat), the

smallest bat;
 11. Connus
gloriamaris, one of
the most
expensive shells in
the world;

10. Pisidum, the tiniest shell in the world;

13. Bubalus mindorensis (tamarau or dwarf water

buffalo), one of the top ten most endangered species
12. Cervus alfredi, the most endangered deer; in the world and the largest endangered species.
11/18/2020
1. ECOLOGICAL
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0

IMPORTANCE
2. ECONOMIC
IMPORTANC
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E
3. FOOD & MEDICINE

4. AESTHETIC
IMPORTANCE
5. CULTURAL
THREATS
TO
A. Anthropological Forces
B. Natural Forces
THREATS TO
BIODIVERSITY

a. (6) Anthropological Forces

1. Habitat alteration or Destruction
2. Over-harvesting/ Overexploitation
3. Environmental Pollution
4. Climate Change
5. Introduced Species (invasive species)
6. Encroachment of Habitat
THREATS TO
BIODIVERSITY

a. Natural Forces
Natural forces such as volcanic
eruptions, earthquakes, typhoons,
forest fires, and other natural
processes occurring among species,
such as predation and competition,
can also cause extinction of species.
Conservation and Managemen
of

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Conservation and Management
Of Biodiversity

1. In Situ process of protecting

species in its
habitat, natural
establishmenteither
and by
management of
protected areas
where
the species abound, or
species
by from predators.
defending the
Conservation and Management
Of Biodiversity
It is the process
1. Ex Situ of
protecting species
of itsoutside
natural habitat by
removing a species from its
threatened habitat and
placing it in a new location,
like zoological gardens ,
aquaria, captive
breeding
centers, botanical gardens ,
within the gene
seed banks and
humans. care of
banks,
Conservation and Management
Of Biodiversity

3. searching for, collecting,

examining, andderiving
Bioprospectin genetic material from
samples of biological
g resources
that
(microorganisms,
features
plants,animals)have and
value commercialized
might be
pharmaceutical,of agricultural,
for or
industrial, chemical
processing end products..
 UNIT EXPECTED OUTCOMES

1. Describe biodiversity
and its interrelatedness
with the society,
environment and
2. health.
Identify the three types
of
biodiversi
3. ty Critique the impacts of
Genetically Modified
Organisms (GMOs) to society.