UNI

VERSI
TASI
NDONESI
A

FAST-
ACTI
NGENVI
RONMENTAL-
FRI
ENDLYCOMPOUNDFOR
METALPROTECTI
ON

Repor
tAssi
gnment3

GROUP12

GROUPPERSONNEL:
ANDREASEXASAPUTRA(
1606834522)
DANDYFADHI
LAH(
1606890233)
KANTI
ASI
DIQPERMANA(
1606905361)
KI
RANAWI
DIANILESTARI(
1606826880)
RI
EDODEVARAYUSHARYAHYA(
1606895354)
TETRAMUTI
ARAAFI
FAH(
1606828841)

CHEMI
CALENGI
NEERI
NGDEPARTMENT
ENGI
NEERI
NGFACULTY
UNI
VERSI
TASI
NDONESI
A
APRI
L2019
EXECUTI
VESUMMARY
 LI
STOFCONTENT

EXECUTI
VESUMMARY i
i
LI
STOFCONTENT i
ii
LI
STOFFI
GURES i
v
LI
STOFTABLES v
CHAPTER1I
NTRODUCTI
ON 23
1.
1 Backgr
oundoft
heI
deas 23
1.
2 Pr
oductPosi
ti
oni
ng 23
1.
3 Pr
oductSpeci
fi
cat
ion 23
1.
4 Pr
oductDescr
ipt
ion 23
1.
4.1Pr
oductI
ngr
edi
ent
s 23
1.
4.2Tar
getMar
ket 23
1.
4.3Por
ti
onSi
zeandWei
ght 23
1.
4.4Appear
ance,
Tast
e,andText
ure 23
1.
4.5St
orageMet
hod 23
1.
4.6Expect
edShel
fLi
fe 23
1.
4.7Est
imat
edCost 23
1.
4.8Packagi
ng 23
1.
4.9Pr
oduct
ionMet
hod 23
CHAPTER2PRODUCTDESI
GNCOMMUNI
CATI
ONANDVI
SUAL 38
2.
1 Pr
ofi
eCompany 38
2.
2 Br
and 38
2.
3 Tagl
ine 38
2.
4 Logo 38
2.
5 Pr
otot
ypeandPackagi
ngDesi
gn 38
CHAPTER3FI
NALPRODUCT 39
3.
1 Mar
ketSegr
egat
ionandDemand 39
3.
1.1Demogr
aphi
cSegment
ati
on 39
3.
1.2Geogr
aphi
cSegment
ati
on 39
3.
1.3Psy
chol
ogi
calSegment
ati
on 39
 3.
1.4Behav
ior
alSegment
ati
on 39
3.
1.5Suppl
yandDemandAppr
oxi
mat
ion 39
3.
1.6Mar
ketCapaci
ty 39
3.
1.7Pr
oductCapaci
ty 39
3.
2 RawMat
eri
al 39
3.
3 Mai
nPr
oduct
ionPr
ocessSpeci
fi
cat
ion 39
3.
4 Mai
nEqui
pmentSpeci
fi
cat
ion 39
3.
5 MassandEner
gyBal
ance 39
3.
5.1MassBal
ance 39
3.
5.2Ener
gyBal
ance 39
3.
6 Pl
antSchedul
ing 39
3.
7 Pr
oductDi
str
ibut
ion 39
3.
8 Pl
antLocat
ion 39
3.
9 Pl
antLay
out 39
CHAPTER4CONCLUSI
ON 40
REFERENCES 41
 LI
STOFFI
GURES

Fi
gur
e1.
1.Exi
sti
ngPr
oductMi
ndMap 4
Fi
gur
e1.
2.NewPr
oductBr
ainst
orm Mi
ndMap 5
Fi
gur
e1.
3.ConceptCombi
nat
ionMi
ndMap 6
Fi
gur
e2.
1.Respondent
’sGender 41
Fi
gur
e2.
2.Respondent
’sOccupat
ion 41
Fi
gur
e2.
3.Respondent
’sI
nter
estt
oBuy 42
Fi
gur
e3.
1.Pr
oductPosi
ti
oni
ng 44
 LI
STOFTABLES

Tabl
e1.
1.Pr
oductPr
oper
ti
es 1
Tabl
e1.
2.ConceptRest
atement 7
Tabl
e1.
3.Concept
sEl
i
minat
ion 10
Tabl
e1.
4.Remai
ningConcept
s 23
Tabl
e2.
1.Li
stofSel
ect
ionCr
it
eri
a 25
Tabl
e2.
2.ConceptRat
ing 30
Tabl
e2.
3.ConceptRanki
ng 31
Tabl
e2.
4.Rat
ingWei
ghtCal
cul
ati
on 32
Tabl
e2.
5.ConceptScor
ingf
orCr
it
eri
aA 34
Tabl
e2.
6.ConceptScor
ingf
orCr
it
eri
aB 34
Tabl
e2.
7.ConceptScor
ingf
orCr
it
eri
aC 34
Tabl
e2.
8.ConceptScor
ingf
orCr
it
eri
aD 35
Tabl
e2.
9.ConceptScor
ingf
orCr
it
eri
aE 35
Tabl
e2.
10.ConceptScor
ingf
orCr
it
eri
aF 35
Tabl
e2.
11.ConceptScor
ingf
orCr
it
eri
aG 36
Tabl
e2.
12.ConceptRanki
ng 37
Tabl
e3.
1.TheVal
ueofOwnPr
oductBasedont
heCr
it
eri
a 46
Tabl
e3.
2.Fi
nal
Speci
fi
cat
ion 46
 CHAPTER1
I
NTRODUCTI
ON

1.
1 Backgr
oundoft
heI
deas
I
npet
rol
eum pr
oductpi
pel
i
ne,i
nter
nalcor
rosi
oncont
rolpr
ogr
am
usual
l
yinv
olv
echemi
calt
reat
mentwi
thcor
rosi
oni
nhi
bit
or.Thet
ypeof
cor
rosi
oni
noi
landgaspi
pel
i
neusual
l
yli
nkedt
othepr
esenceofCO2 and
H2Ssubst
anceast
hecor
rodent
,tr
igger
ingaci
dcor
rosi
onphenomenon.
Accor
ding t
o Papav
inasam (
2000)
,thesour
ceofCO2 canbemi
ner
al
di
ssol
uti
onoraby
-pr
oductoft
hepet
rol
eum-
for
mingpr
ocesswher
east
he
sour
ceofH2Scanbedi
ssol
uti
onofmi
ner
aldeposi
tsi
nther
ocks,aby
-
pr
oductoft
hepet
rol
eum-
for
mingpr
ocess,orbact
eri
alact
ionatanyt
ime
i
nthehi
stor
yoft
hepet
rol
eum deposi
t.Oxy
genal
way
sor
igi
nat
esf
rom ai
r
andcanonl
ycomei
ncont
actwi
thpet
rol
eum f
lui
dsaf
tert
her
ecov
ery
pr
ocessbegi
ns.
The new gener
ati
ons ofenv
ironment
alr
egul
ati
ons r
equi
ret
he
r
epl
acementofsuchchemi
cal
swi
thso-
cal
l
ed“
green”chemi
cal
s.Tomeet
t
hedemands,mar
ketneedsar
eobt
ainedt
hroughsur
veyandpr
oduct
concepthasbeengener
atedt
hrought
hepr
evi
ousassi
gnment
.Suggest
ed
pr
oducti
scor
rosi
on i
nhi
bit
orwi
th adsor
pti
on mechani
sm madef
rom
nat
uralmat
eri
ali
nthef
orm ofsol
uti
on.Combi
nedwi
tht
hespeci
fi
cat
ions
needed f
rom t
he mar
ket
,the amountofeach speci
fi
cat
ion uni
tsar
e
det
ermi
ned so t
hatsuggest
ed pr
oductl
eadi
ng f
eat
ures compar
ed t
o
exi
sti
ngcor
rosi
oni
nhi
bit
orpr
oduct
.

1.
2 Pr
oductPosi
ti
oni
ng
Ther
ealgoalofconceptsel
ect
ionf
rom t
hel
astassi
gnmenti
snot
assi
mpl
yast
osel
ectt
hebestconceptbutt
odev
elopi
taswel
l
.Sel
ect
ed
conceptar
ecombi
nedandr
efi
nedt
omakeabet
terpr
oductf
ort
hemar
ket
.
Theconceptsel
ect
edi
npr
evi
ousassi
gnmenti
scor
rosi
oni
nhi
bit
orwi
th
adsor
pti
onmechani
sm f
rom nat
ural
mat
eri
ali
nsol
uti
onf
orm.
 Whatmakest
henew conceptcoul
dwi
nov
ert
heexi
sti
ngonesi
n
t
hemar
keti
sbecauseoft
hei
renv
ironment
al-
fr
iendl
yaspect
,lowercost
,
andt
heact
ivat
iondur
ati
onofsuggest
edpr
oductconcept
.Thepar
amet
ers
used t
o compar
e new pr
oductt
othe ol
d ones ar
e ef
fect
iveness i
n
i
nhi
bit
ingcor
rosi
on,f
ast
-act
ingabi
l
ity
,pr
otect
iondur
ati
on,env
ironment
al
r
egul
ator
ycompl
i
ance,f
abr
icat
ionease,f
abr
icat
ioncost
,andappl
i
cat
ion
ease.Ther
adardi
agr
am bel
ow showscompar
isonbet
weensuggest
ed
pr
oductandexi
sti
ngpr
oduct
.

Fi
gur
e1.
X.Pr
oductPosi
ti
oni
ng
● Heatr
esi
stance
The heatr
esi
stance ofourpr
oducti
smeasur
ed byt
he maxi
mum
al
l
owabl
etemper
atur
e unt
ili
tis notdegr
aded due t
otoo hi
gh
t
emper
atur
es.Thehi
ghert
hev
alueoft
hispar
amet
er,t
hebet
tert
he
r
ati
ngobt
ained.Ownpr
oductget
sar
ati
ngof5becausei
thast
hesame
heatr
esi
stancev
alueast
hei
deal
val
ue.
● Mi
crobi
alResi
stance
Mi
crobi
alr
esi
stancei
sapar
amet
erusedt
odet
ermi
nehow wel
lthe
pr
oduct can pr
otect met
alsi
nthe mi
crobi
alenv
ironment
.Thi
s
par
amet
eri
smeasur
edbyt
hepr
esenceofant
i-
micr
obi
alsubst
ancei
n
t
hecomposi
ti
onofcor
rosi
oni
nhi
bit
or.
● FastAct
ingAspect
 Fastact
ingaspecti
susedasapar
amet
ert
ofi
ndouthowef
fi
cientt
he
pr
oductr
eactorst
arti
nhi
bit
ingcor
rosi
on.Exi
sti
ngpr
oduct
scanst
art
act
ingaf
ter75-
90mi
nut
es.Thi
spr
oductcanwor
kfast
erandl
esst
han
60mi
nut
est
ost
artact
ing.Ot
hert
hant
hat
,inhi
bit
ionef
fi
ciencycoul
d
al
sodet
ermi
nef
ast
-act
ingaspectofcor
rosi
oni
nhi
bit
or.Accor
dingt
o
Papav
inasam (
2000)
,an ef
fi
cienti
nhi
bit
orcoul
d pr
oduces desi
red
ef
fectev
en wi
th smal
lconcent
rat
ion onl
y.Ef
fi
ciency ofcor
rosi
on
i
nhi
bit
orcanbegi
venasf
oll
ows:
w- wo
P= ( )
wo
×100…(
1)

Whenwo i
sthecor
rosi
onr
atei
ntheabsenceofi
nhi
bit
or,andwi
s
t
hecor
rosi
onr
atei
nthesameenv
ironmenti
nhi
bit
ori
sadded.
● Non-
toxi
cit
y
Env
ironment
alconcer
ninf
luencest
hechoi
ceofcor
rosi
oni
nhi
bit
or.
Thi
spr
oducthast
hel
eastt
oxi
cit
ysi
ncei
twi
l
lbemadef
rom nat
ural
i
ngr
edi
ent
sasi
tsmai
nact
ivei
ngr
edi
ent
.Toxi
cit
ywi
l
lbemeasur
edbyas
LC50(
mg/
kg)whi
chi
stheconcent
rat
ionofcompoundneededt
oki
l
l50%
oft
het
otalpopul
ati
onoft
het
estspeci
es.Theexposur
eti
mei
ssetf
or24
hand48h.Ownpr
oducthas5r
ati
ngandt
hel
owestr
ati
ngi
sfort
hemost
t
oxi
ci
ty.
● Fabr
icat
ionEase
Fabr
icat
ioneasecov
erst
hescor
ingofhow easyi
tist
ogett
he
r
esour
cesorr
aw mat
eri
alsneededf
ort
hecor
rosi
oni
nhi
bit
orandhow
easyt
hecor
rosi
oni
nhi
bit
ormanuf
act
uri
ng.Si
ncepr
oductt
hatwi
l
lbe
dev
elopedusenat
urali
ngr
edi
ent
s,i
twi
l
lbeeasi
eri
nfi
ndi
ngt
hemat
eri
als,
cheapercost
,andeasi
ermanuf
act
ure.
● Fabr
icat
ionCost
Thi
spr
oductwi
l
lhav
ethecheapestpr
iceamongot
herexi
sti
ng
pr
oductsuchasNALCO2833,Z50-
Flui
d,andCORTRONRN-
100.Sot
hat
t
hepr
oducthas5r
ati
ngandt
hel
owestr
ati
ngi
sfort
hemostexpensi
ve.
● Appl
i
cat
ionEase
Ownpr
oducti
seasyt
ousebecauset
hei
ngr
edi
ent
sar
enott
oo
danger
ousandcanbehandl
edeasi
l
y,soi
tcanr
educet
hehazar
doft
he
pr
oduct
.

1.
3 Pr
oductDescr
ipt
ion
1.
3.1 Pr
oductMat
eri
al
Tabl
e1.
X.Pr
oductMat
eri
al

Name Funct
ion Fr
act
ionofMass

Tur
keyRedOi
l Effecti
vecorr
osion 0.
23
i
nhi bi
ti
onmat er
ial
foroilpi
pel
ine.

Di
pheny
lami
ne Asbi oci
deand 0.
07
anti
oxidantto
preventfat
tyaci
d
dryi
ng.

Wat
er Sol
vent 0.
70

The composi
ti
ons abov
e ar
e det
ermi
ned based on a st
udyby
Rudr
ick(
2009)
,onusual
oil
fi
eldcor
rosi
oni
nhi
bit
orchemi
cal
.

● Tur
keyRedOi
l

Tur
keyr
edoi
lisder
ivedf
rom cast
oroi
lthr
oughsul
fat
ingandal
kal
i
neut
ral
i
zingpr
ocess.Cast
oroi
li
stheonl
yunsat
urat
edf
att
yaci
doccur
ri
ng
i
nnat
uralv
eget
abl
eoi
l
swi
thaf
unct
ionalhy
droxy
lgr
oupi
nthe12C
(
Godav
art
hi,2016)
.Thepr
esenceofOH gr
oupi
nthef
att
yaci
dchai
ns
makest
heoi
lunusual
l
ypol
ar.Basedoni
tsmol
ecul
arst
ruct
ure,
cast
oroi
l
-
basedsubst
ancecanbeusedasanef
fect
ivecor
rosi
oni
nhi
bit
or.Tur
key
r
edoi
li
ssui
tabl
eforenv
ironmenti
nhi
ghl
evel
ofsul
furandCO2(
xxx,
20xx)
.
Accor
ding t
o xxxx (
20XX)
,het
erocy
cli
c compounds cont
aini
ng
ni
tr
ogenandsul
phurat
omsar
eofpar
ti
cul
ari
mpor
tanceast
heyof
ten
pr
ovi
deexcel
l
enti
nhi
bit
ioncompar
edwi
thcompoundscont
aini
ngonl
y
ni
tr
ogenorsul
phur
,whi
chi
swhysul
phur
-t
reat
edcast
oroi
lispr
efer
red
t
hancr
udecast
oroi
l
.Sul
fat
edcast
oroi
l
,al
soknownast
urkeyr
edoi
l
,
r
epr
esent
soneoft
heear
li
estchemi
calder
ivat
ivesofcast
oroi
lmadeby
addi
ngconcent
rat
edsul
fur
icaci
datcont
rol
l
edr
ateofcor
rosi
oni
nhi
bit
or
f
orper
iodofsev
eralhour
sandt
henneut
ral
i
zat
ionusi
ngal
kal
isol
uti
onor
ami
ne(
Dehankar
,2017)
.
Accor
ding t
o Pat
el(
2016)
,sul
fonat
ed cast
or oi
lwi
th added
neut
ral
i
zingagentar
emor
epr
efer
redt
hanunt
reat
edcast
oroi
last
heyar
e
mor
ewat
er-
sol
ubl
eandhashi
gheri
mpactofr
educi
ngmet
alcor
rosi
on
r
ate.I
twas r
eal
i
zed t
hatt
he addi
ti
on ofbot
h oi
land wat
er-
sol
ubl
e
compound wi
th sul
fur compound has t
remendous ef
fect on t
he
per
for
mance,speci
fi
cal
l
ythe al
l
owabl
e wor
king t
emper
atur
e(Rudni
ck,
2009)
.Thesul
fat
egr
oupactasahy
drophi
l
icpar
timpar
ti
ngexcel
l
ence
wet
ti
ng,emul
si
fi
cat
ion,anddi
sper
singchar
act
eri
sti
cfort
hesubst
ance
(
Dehankar
,2017)
.
Tur
keyr
edoi
lissui
tabl
eforbot
hoi
landf
ormat
ionwat
er.Or
gani
c
mol
ecul
esl
i
ket
urkeyr
edoi
lcanactasi
nhi
bit
orsbecauset
heycanbe
adsor
bedatt
hemet
al-
sol
uti
oni
nter
face,r
epl
aci
ngt
hewat
ermol
ecul
es
andt
her
ebyi
nhi
bit
ingt
hemet
aldi
ssol
uti
on.Tur
keyr
edoi
lcont
ainsf
att
y
aci
dwi
thami
negr
oupat
tachedt
othest
ruct
urecr
eat
ingnon-
singul
ar
bondandmakepossi
blebondi
ngwi
thempt
yor
bit
alonFeat
oms.Ni
tr
ogen
f
rom ami
negr
oupcoul
dpr
oducepr
otect
ionf
il
m ont
hemet
alsur
faceand
f
att
yaci
dcoul
dal
sowor
kasapassi
vat
ionl
ayer(
Samshuddi
n,20XX)
.
Thesei
nhi
bit
ort
ypeshav
eext
endedt
heper
for
manceofoi
l
-fi
eld
i
nhi
bit
orbecauset
heyar
etol
erantofoxy
gencont
ami
nat
ionandofcan
cont
rol
cor
rosi
onassoci
atedwi
thhi
ghCO2andH2Scondi
ti
ons.
Ev
aluat
ionoff
att
yaci
dfr
om sev
eralpl
ant
s(cast
oroi
l
,pungaoi
l
,
andneem oi
l
)hasbeendonebyMut
hukumar(
2006)
,wi
thcast
oroi
lhav
ing
hi
ghestef
fi
ci
encycompar
edt
oot
hercor
respondi
ngoi
l
.Ther
efor
e,cast
or
oi
l
-basedsubst
ancei
ssel
ect
edf
orsuggest
edpr
oduct
.

Tabl
e1.
X.Cor
rosi
onI
nhi
bit
ionEf
fi
ciencyDat
aforGr
eenI
nhi
biorat30oC
t
No Sy
stem Wei
ght Loss Cor
rosi
on r
ate I
nhi
bit
ion
. (
mg) (
mm/
y) ef
fi
ciency
1 Cont
rolSystem 27.
8 0.
1425 -
500mlDiesel+
2% water(120
ppm)

2 Cast
or oi
l 3.
0 0.
0153 89
i
nhi
bit
oradded

3 Neem oi
l 5.
3 0.
0272 81
i
nhi
bit
oradded

4 Pungaoi
l 4.
6 0.
0235 83

(
Sour
ce:
Repr
oducedf
r hukumaretal
om Mut ,2006)
Tur
keyr
edoi
linhi
bit
ionabi
l
itycanbeper
for
medi
nav
eryaci
dic
env
ironment(
1M HCl
)st
il
lwi
tht
heef
fi
ciencyofnear
ly90% Udi
andey
e
(
2011)
.Howev
er,t
hisef
fi
ciencydecr
easeasenv
ironmentt
emper
atur
e
i
ncr
eased. A st
udy by Al
i(2017) st
ated t
hat wi
tht
he opt
imum
concent
rat
ionoft
urkeyr
edoi
lin30oC coul
dreducet
hecor
rosi
onr
ate
f
rom 241.
5mpyt
o9.
347mpy(
reduct
ionof232.
15mpy=5.
89mm/
year
)
andef
fi
ciencyof98%.Thi
semphasi
zeshow sul
phur
-t
reat
edcast
oroi
l
possessesgr
eat
erper
for
manceandmeet
spr
oduct
’sf
inalspeci
fi
cat
ioni
n
f
ast
-act
ingcr
it
eri
a.
Theef
fectofr
eact
iont
imeorr
espondt
imeofcast
oroi
l
-based
subst
ancei
sal
sost
udi
edbyUdi
andey
e(2011)
,wi
tht
her
esul
toft
hebest
r
eact
iont
imeof60mi
nut
es.Howev
er,i
tisf
oundt
hatr
eact
iont
imehad
l
eastef
fectoni
nhi
bit
oref
fi
ciency
.

Fi
gur
e1.
X.Chemi
calSt
ruct
ureofTur
keyRedOi
l
(
Sour
ce:
ebi
ochemi
cal
s.com,
n.d.
)
 Cast
oroi
lhaspr
oper
ti
esasshowni
ntabl
ebel
ow.
Tabl
e1.
X.Pr
oper
ti
esofTur
keyRedOi
l

Pr
oper
ti
es Val
ue

Mol
ecul
arFor
mul
a C18Na2O6S

Mol
ecul
arWei
ght 390

For
m Deepr
edordeepbl
ack

Aci
dit
y(pH) 7.
3

at20oC)
SG( 1.
06

Vi
scosi
ty 0.
00192Pa.
s

Sol
ubi
l
ity Misci
bleindisti
ll
edH2O,absol
ute
al
cohol,gl
acialacet
icaci
d,
chl
orof
or m,etc.

Fl
ashPoi
nt >300C,
dryr
esi
due

Mel
ti
ngPoi
nt(
760mmHg) 1oC
-

Boi
l
ingPoi
nt(
760mmHg) 595oF

Accor
ding t
o Dehankar(
2017)
,the t
oxi
col
ogi
calpr
oper
ti
es of
sul
phat
edcast
oroi
lhav
enotbeenf
ull
yinv
est
igat
ed.Howev
er,
cast
oroi
li
s
onl
ycl
assi
fi
edasi
rr
it
antandnotl
i
stedascar
cinogeni
cmat
eri
albyACGI
H,
I
ARC,
NTP,
orCaPr
op65.Howev
er,
accor
dingt
oSogan(
2018)t
he24hour
LC50f
orcast
oroi
lnano-
emul
sionwasf
oundt
obe3.
4ppm.
Asst
atedabov
e,t
heboi
l
ingpoi
ntoft
urkeyr
edoi
li 8oCwhi
s312. ch
hassur
passedt
heamountofmaxi
mum al
l
owabl
etemper
atur
est
atedi
n
f
inalspeci
fi
cat
ion.Howev
er,t
he sui
tabl
etemper
atur
eformaxi
mum
ef
fi
ciencyachi
evedi
sst
il
latambi
entt
emper
atur
e.
● Di
pheny
lami
ne

Despi
tet
urkey r
ed oi
lbei
ng excel
l
enti
n cor
rosi
on i
nhi
bit
ing
pr
oper
ti
es,
theser
iousdi
sadv
ant
ageofi
tisbei
ngpr
onet
orapi
doxi
dat
ion
byat
mospher
ic oxy
gen (
xxxx,
20xx)
.Tur
keyr
ed oi
lexposed t
olar
ge
amountofoxy
gencoul
dexper
iencedr
ying.Accor
dingt
oxxx(
xx)
,thi
s
pr
obl
em coul
dbef
ixedbymi
xi
ngcombi
ningcast
oroi
lwi
thhet
erocy
cli
c
ami
nesuchasdi
pheny
lami
ne.
Di
pheny
lami
necoul
dbecomeant
ioxi
dantagentandbi
oci
deatonce.
Thephenomenaofmi
crobi
ologi
calcont
ami
nat
ionoft
heoi
landnat
ural
gasenv
ironmentr
epr
esentabr
oadi
ssuepr
imar
il
yassoci
atedwi
tht
he
degr
adat
ion ofpet
rol
eum hy
drocar
bons,l
eadi
ng t
o an i
ncr
ease i
n oi
l
densi
ty,sul
furcont
entandv
iscosi
ty(
Tur
ki czetal
ewi ,2013)
.Asst
atedby
Chev
ron (
2010)
,the mode ofact
ion ofbi
oci
des i
s notal
way
sful
l
y
under
stood.I
n gener
al,non-
oxi
dizi
ng bi
oci
des f
unct
ion pr
imar
il
y by
al
ter
ing t
heper
meabi
l
ityoft
hecel
lwal
l
soft
hemi
croor
gani
smsand
i
nter
fer
ingwi
tht
hei
rbi
ologi
calpr
ocesses.Accor
dingt
oKumar(
2015)
,
di
pheny
lami
neandi
tsder
ivat
iveshowedsi
gni
fi
cantant
imi
crobi
alaswel
l
asant
if
ungalact
ivi
ty.Het
erocy
cli
cami
nessuchasdi
pheny
lami
near
e
known t
o be l
ess t
oxi
c t
han quat
ernar
y ammoni
um sal
ts and
bi
odegr
adabl
e.(
Mly
nar
čík,1978)
.Accor
dingt
oSogan(
2018)t
he48hour
LC50f
ordi
pheny
lami
newasf
oundt
obe2.
2ppm.

Fi
gur
e1.
X.Chemi
calSt
ruct
ureofDi
pheny
lami
ne
(
Sour
ce:
htt
ps/
/wi
ki
pedi
a.or
g,2007)

Tabl
e1.
X.Pr
oper
ti
esofDi
pheny
lami
ne

Pr
oper
ti
es Val
ue

Mol
ecul
eFor
mul
a C12H11N

Mol
ecul
eWei
ght 169

For
m Col
orl
esspowder

20oC)
SG( 1.
165
Vi
scosi
t 20oC)
y( 6.
1cp

Boi
l
ingPoi
nt 302oC

Mel
ti
ngPoi
nt 54oC
53-

● Wat
er

Accor
dingt
oPapav
inasam (
2000)
,Inmoder
noi
landgasi
ndust
ry,
maxi
mum cor
rosi
onpr
otect
ioncanbeachi
evedbycont
inuousi
nject
ionof
cor
rosi
oni
nhi
bit
orwi
tht
heamountbasedont
hef
lui
dpr
esentandsev
eri
ty
oft
he condi
ti
on.I
nject
ions ofchemi
cal
s ar
e pr
efer
red i
n sol
uti
on or
concent
rat
efor
m.Accor
dingt
oPat
el(
2016)
,pr
efer
redt
ypeofcor
rosi
on
i
nhi
bit
orsar
ewat
er-
sol
ubl
ety
pe.
Thef
allofcor
rosi
oni
nhi
bit
ingr
atesar
eint
hef
unct
ionofsol
uti
on
v
iscosi
tywher
ehi
ghv
iscosi
tyoft
hecor
rosi
oni
nhi
bit
orf
ail
sto al
l
ow
suf
fi
cientt
imef
ori
nhi
bit
ort
oreacht
heendoft
hepi
pel
i
ne.Thi
spr
obl
em
coul
dbesol
vedbyaddi
ngsuf
fi
cientamountofl
essv
iscoussol
vent
.Wat
er
i
ssel
ect
edconsi
der
ingi
tsav
ail
abi
l
ity
,env
ironment
al-
fr
iendl
yaspect
,and
l
owcost
.
Accor
ding t
o Schi
ermei
er(
1943)
,the t
otalamountoft
he sol
vent
shoul
dbeatl
eastequalt
oandshoul
dpr
efer
abl
ybef
rom about1t
o2
t
imest
heamountbywei
ghtoft
hesul
fat
edcast
oroi
l
.Anamountof
sol
ventl
ess t
han t
he abov
e mi
nimum may r
esul
tinat
empor
ari
l
y
homogeneousmi
xtur
ewhi
ch,howev
er,i
snotst
oragest
abl
eandmay
separ
atei
nthecour
seofday
s,weeksormont
hs.

Fi
gur
e1.
X.Chemi
calSt
ruct
ureofWat
er
 (
Sour
ce:
ewww.
kisspng.
com,
n.d.
)

Wat
erhaspr
oper
ti
esasshowni
ntabl
ebel
ow.
Tabl
e1.
X.Pr
oper
ti
esofWat
er

Pr
oper
ti
es Val
ue

Mol
ecul
arFor
mul
a H2O

Mol
ecul
arWei
ght 18

Mel
ti
ngPoi
nt(
760mmHg) 0oC

Boi
l
ingPoi
nt(
760mmHg) 100oC

For
m Col
orl
ess,
Odor
less

1.
3.2 Tar
getMar
ket
Tar
getmar
ketofourpr
oducti
sint
endedf
oroi
landgascompani
es
t
opr
otectpi
pel
i
nef
rom cor
rosi
onat
tacks.Ourpr
oduct
sar
ebet
tert
han
exi
sti
ngpr
oduct
sont
hemar
ketbecauset
hispr
oductcanwor
kfast
erand
hav
elowerpr
icesbecauseusenat
urali
ngr
edi
ent
sthateasyt
ogetand
pr
ocesssot
hepr
oducthav
ethecheapestpr
iceamongot
herexi
sti
ng
pr
oduct
.
Wi
tht
he adv
ant
ages ar
e gi
ven and wi
tht
he cur
rentmar
ket
condi
ti
ons,
ourpr
oduct
shav
eagr
eatoppor
tuni
tyt
ocompet
ewi
thexi
sti
ng
pr
oduct
sont
hemar
ket
.Asanew pr
oducer
,wewi
l
lsel
l9.
26% oft
otal
consumerdemand.
1.
3.3 Por
ti
onSi
zeandWei
ght
Consi
der
ingt
argetmar
ketofpr
oducti
spi
pel
i
neandpi
pingi
nbul
k
i
ndust
ri
es,
speci
fi
cal
l
yinoi
landgascompanyast
hepr
oductconsumpt
ion
i
sinj
ect
edi
ncont
inuousf
lowi
nsi
deofpi
pel
i
neandi
nwi
der
angeofl
engt
h,
t
husr
etai
l
ingpr
oductwi
l
lmeett
hemar
ketneedi
nbul
kpor
ti
on.Mor
eov
er
i
tneeds t
o be def
ined quant
it
ati
vel
y.Byconsi
der
ing t
he easi
ness i
n
di
str
ibut
ionandsuppl
ychai
nal
lar
oundcount
ry,
thust
hepr
oductwoul
dbe
r
etai
l
ed i
n si
ze of200 L perdr
um,as i
tist
he mostbenef
ici
ali
n
economi
cal
poi
ntofv
iew.
1.
3.4 For
m andAppear
ance
Af
tercol
l
ect
ingneedsf
rom consumer
sandsel
ect
ingconcept
s,The
f
inaldeci
si
onoft
hispr
oducti
scor
rosi
oni
nhi
bit
ori
nsol
uti
onf
orm.The
act
ivei
ngr
edi
ent
swi
l
lbedi
l
lut
edi
nasol
vent
,wat
er,unt
ilahomogeneous
mi
xtur
eisachi
ved.I
nor
dert
omakeasol
uti
on,commonl
ythemaj
or
f
ract
ionoft
hemi
xtur
eissol
vent
.Thi
scol
oroft
hispr
oductwi
l
lbedeep
r
edbecauseoft
henat
ural
col
oroft
urkeyr
edoi
l
.
1.
3.5 St
orageCondi
ti
ons
Cor
rosi
onI
nhi
bit
orsar
est
oredatat
mospher
icpr
essur
e(1at
m)and
ambi
entt
emper
atur
esabov
e35Fbutnotexceedi
ng125F.I
fthepr
oduct
f
reezes,t
haw andr
econst
it
utebymi
l
dmechani
calagi
tat
ion.I
tdoesnot
usepr
essur
izedai
rforagi
tat
ion,asi
tmayal
tert
hecomposi
ti
onoft
he
pr
oduct
.
1.
3.6 Expect
edShel
fLi
fe
 I
nSeal
edCont
ainer
sis±2y
ear
s
 I
nOpenedCont
ainer
sis±3mont
hs
 St
orageCondi
ti
onsi
s5°
C-40°
C
Thenor
malusef
ull
i
fe-
spancor
rosi
oni
nhi
bit
orsi
sinexcessoft
wo
y
ear
s.Howev
er,i
nhi
bit
orl
i
feexpect
ancyi
sshor
tenedbyappr
oxi
mat
ely
25% whenexposedt
otemper
atur
esabov
e104°
F(40°
C).Thi
spr
oduct
encl
osur
esnotseal
edpr
oper
ly,aswel
lasopenedst
orage(
cont
ainer
s)
al
soshor
tent
hepr
oductl
i
fe.Thesepr
oper
ti
esar
econsi
der
edcor
rosi
on
i
nhi
bit
orper
for
mance v
eri
fi
cat
ion.These at
tri
but
es ar
e based on t
he
def
inedcor
rosi
oni
nhi
bit
ort
estpr
ogr
am i
nIOW andNACEI
nter
nat
ional
.
1.
3.7 Est
imat
edCost
Weest
imat
ethepr
oductpr
icei
s950USD/200L.Theest
imat
ed
pr
ice i
s obt
ained f
rom t
otali
nvest
ment spent on manuf
act
uri
ng,
equi
pment
,and r
aw mat
eri
als used ar
e compar
ed wi
tht
he annual
pr
oduct
ionamount
.Wi
tht
otalsal
est
argetof4,
538t
ankspery
earand
pr
ofi
tsar
ound40%ofeachpr
oductsal
e,t
hecompanywi
l
lgetabi
gpr
ofi
t.
Wi
thusi
ngnat
urali
ngr
edi
ent
sthatar
eeasyt
ogetandpr
ocessed,t
he
pr
oduct
ion pr
icecan ber
educed so t
hef
inalpr
iceoft
hepr
oducti
s
cheapert
hansi
mil
arpr
oduct
s.
1.
3.8 Packagi
ng
Pr
oductpackagi
ngpl
aysahuger
olei
nsuccessf
ulandsust
ainabl
e
numer
ous i
ndust
ry oper
ati
on,i
ncl
udi
ng oi
land gas company
-rel
ated
pr
oduct
.Howev
er,i
tcanbet
oughf
ormanuf
act
urer
stochooset
her
ight
packagi
ngmat
eri
alsaccor
dingt
othei
rbusi
nessneeds,
evenwi
tht
hehuge
v
ari
etyofchoi
cesav
ail
abl
etheseday
s.
Costi
sapr
imar
yconcer
nformostpur
chasi
ngmanager
s,butt
he
packagi
ng mat
eri
alt
hatmustchoose shoul
d al
so be wel
l
-sui
ted f
or
pr
otect
ing pr
oduct
sdur
ing t
ranspor
tat
ion,st
orageand del
i
ver
y.Vi
sual
appealandbr
andi
ngar
eimpor
tantconsi
der
ati
onsaswel
l
.Appr
oxi
mat
ely
t
her
ear
efouressent
ialaspect
sthatconsi
derbef
orepr
oductpackagi
ngi
s
sel
ect
ed,whi
ch ar
equal
i
tyand f
unct
ional
i
ty;si
ze,shape,and desi
gn;
pr
ici
ngandcostsav
ings;
andf
inal
l
y,aboutdi
str
ibut
ionandst
orage.
Byev
aluat
ingt
hepossi
blepackagef
ort
hepr
oductbasedont
he
aspect
s,t
huspr
oduct
sar
egener
all
yst
oredi
nsi
deapl
ast
icdr
um 200L.A
pl
ast
icdr
um i
sacy
li
ndr
icalcont
ainerwi
thacl
osedheadt
hatf
eat
uresa
t
ightheadwi
thnor
emov
abl
eli
d,wher
ethet
opandbot
tom par
tar
e
per
manent
lyat
tachedt
othedr
um,asi
tisi
dealf
orsaf
etyandsecur
ely
st
ori
ngandshi
ppi
ngmat
eri
alst
opr
eventl
eakageofl
i
qui
d.Apl
ast
icdr
um
i
sequi
ppedt
oowi
tht
wodr
um pl
ugsf
ort
hesmoot
hfi
l
li
nganddi
spensi
ng
ofl
i
qui
d.
Pl
ast
ic-
based package i
s made of pl
ast
icf
rom hi
gh-
densi
ty
pol
yet
hyl
ene(
HDPE)
,keepi
ngi
nmi
ndt
hatHDPEi
sal
kal
i
ne-
resi
stmat
eri
al,
t
husi
tissui
tabl
ewi
tht
hespeci
fi
cat
ionofownpr
oduct
.Byusi
ngi
tasr
aw
mat
eri
alf
orpackagi
ng,
sev
eralbenef
it
sar
eobt
ained,
incl
udi
ngr
esi
l
ientt
o
f
ati
gue,r
esi
stantt
ocr
evi
cecor
rosi
on,r
esi
stantt
omostor
gani
csol
vent
ow 80oC,saf
bel etobeusedatt
emper
atur
esr
angi
ngf
r o300oF,
om 200t
et
c.Mor
eov
er,i
thasv
eryr
igi
dst
ruct
ureandgoodmechani
calst
rengt
h,
maki
ngi
tresi
stf
rom dest
ruct
ion.
Thedat
abel
ow ent
ail
sthegener
alspeci
fi
cat
ionofcl
osehead
pl
ast
icdr
ums,t
akenf
rom PTRheem I
ndonesi
a,t
hel
eadi
ngmanuf
act
urer
ofpl
ast
icdr
umsi
nIndonesi
a.
Tabl
eX.Speci
fi
cat
ionofPl
ast
icDr
ums

Pr
oper
ti
es Speci
fi
cat
ions Uni
t

Col
or Bl
ue -

Cl
osur
e Cl
oseHead -

Mi
nimal Wal
l 0.
087 I
nch
Thickness

Fi
tt
ings 2(
NPT)and2(
But
tress) I
nch

Gasket EDPM RubberGasket -

OceanTube 18489.
6 nch3
i

Nomi
nal
Tar
eWei
ght 21.
5 l
bs.

Pal
l
etPack 8ea. -

Unr
ati
ngLi
qui
d UN1H1/
Y1.
9/100 -
Sour
ce:
(ht
tp:
//www.
rheem.
co.
id/
)

1.
3.9 Pr
oduct
ionMet
hod
Ther
ear
etwoal
ter
nat
ivest
hatcanbedonei
npr
oduci
ngcast
oroi
l
-
basedcor
rosi
oni
nhi
bit
ors.Thef
ir
stt
ypei
susi
ngr
aw cast
oroi
landt
he
secondt
ypei
susi
ngt
urkeyr
edoi
l(cast
oroi
lthathasbeenpr
ocessed
f
ir
st)
.Economi
caspect
sandeaseofhandl
i
ngwi
l
lbet
heconsi
der
ati
ons
f
orsel
ect
ingpr
oduct
ionmet
hod.

I
nthef
ir
stal
ter
nat
ive,
crudeCast
oroi
lmustgot
hrought
hepr
ocess
ofsul
fonat
ion,
neut
ral
i
zat
ionanddi
ssol
uti
on.I
nthepr
ocessofsul
fonat
ion,
Cast
oroi
lwi
l
lbemi
xedwi
thet
hylacet
ateandr
eact
edwi
thconcent
rat
ed
sul
fur
icaci
dtopr
oduceasedi
mentcal
l
edsul
fonat
edcast
oroi
l
.Af
tert
hat
,
af
il
tr
ati
onpr
ocessi
scar
ri
edoutwher
ethel
i
qui
dphasewi
l
lbedi
scar
ded.
Thent
hesul
fonat
edcast
oroi
lwi
l
lbedi
ssol
vedi
ndi
sti
l
ledwat
erand
neut
ral
i
zed wi
th ammoni
um sol
uti
on t
o gett
urkeyr
ed oi
lbymi
xi
ng
pr
ocess.I
nthi
sst
ep,Di
pheny
lami
nei
saddedt
oo.Then,t
hecast
oroi
l
-
basedcor
rosi
oni
nhi
bit
orcangot
othequal
i
tycont
rol
.

Ont
heot
herhand,i
nthesecondal
ter
nat
ive,t
her
aw mat
eri
ali
s
t
urkeyr
edoi
lwhi
chwi
l
lbei
mpor
tedf
rom I
ndi
a.Themai
npr
ocessi
sonl
y
mi
xi
ng al
loft
her
awmat
eri
als.Tur
keyr
edoi
l
,Di
pheny
lami
neanddi
sti
l
led
wat
erwi
l
lbe added t
othe mi
xi
ng t
ank and wi
l
lbe mi
xed unt
ila
homogeneousmi
xtur
eisachi
eved.

I
nter
msofhandl
i
ng,t
hef
ir
stal
ter
nat
ivei
smor
edi
ff
icul
tbecause
t
hel
evel
oft
her
iski
shi
gher
.Sul
fur
icaci
disast
rongaci
dthati
sext
remel
y
cor
rosi
ve.Speci
alt
reat
mentwi
l
lbeneededi
nst
orageanddi
str
ibut
ionl
i
ne
t
othemi
xi
ngt
ank,consi
der
ingt
hatmostoft
hemat
eri
alsi
nthef
act
ory
ar
emet
alst
hatcancor
rodewhenexposedt
oaci
d.

Then,
from t
heeconomyaspect
,thef
ir
stal
ter
nat
ivewi
l
lcostmor
e.
Thi
sis because t
her
e ar
e mor
e compounds and r
eact
ors needed t
o
pr
ocesscr
udecast
oroi
l
.Compar
isonoft
hecostofr
awmat
eri
alsneeded
t
opr
oduce200Lcor
rosi
oni
nhi
bit
orcanbeseeni
nthet
abl
e..
.

Tabl
e…Compar
ionsoft
woal
ter
nat
ivepr
ocess
ALTERNATI
VE1

Descr
ipt
ion Quant
it
y Uni
t Uni
tPr
ice Amount
 (
Rp) (
Rp)

Cast
orOi
l 250 L 39300/
L 9825000`

Sul
phur
icAci
d 75 L 97500/
L 7312500

Et
hyl
Acet
ate 50 L 104000/
L 5200000

Ammoni
asol
uti
on 66.
67 L 84500/
L 5633615

wat
er 15.
86 L 6500/
L 103090

Di
pheny
lami
ne 9.
84 Kg 45000/
Kg 442800

Tot
al 28517005

ALTERNATI
VE2

Uni
tPr
ice Amount
Descr
ipt
ion Quant
it
y Uni
t
(
Rp) (
Rp)

Tur
keyr
edOi
l 58.
22 L 60000/
L 3493396

wat
er 187.
83 L 6500/
L 1220917

Di
pheny
lami
ne 18.
78 Kg 450000/
L 8452500

Shi
ppi
ngfeef
rom
2400667 2400667
Indi
a

Tot
al 7960230

I
nthef
ir
stal
ter
nat
ive,al
thoughwi
thoutcostf
ees,t
hepr
iceofr
aw
mat
eri
alsi
shi
ghert
hant
hesecondal
ter
nat
ive.Hence,t
hepr
ocesswi
th
t
urkeyr
edoi
lispr
efer
red.Thef
oll
owi
ngar
eal
lst
epsneededt
opr
oduce
cast
oroi
lbasedcor
rosi
on

 Mat
eri
alpr
epar
ati
on
 Mi
xi
nganddi
l
uti
on
 Qual
i
tycont
rol
 Packi
ngandl
abel
l
ing
 St
ori
ng
 Di
str
ibut
ion
 Spesi
fi
cexpl
anat
ionsf
oreachst
epandbl
ockf
lowdi
agr
am wi
l
lbef
urt
her
di
scussedi
nchapt
er3.
1.
4 Pr
oductSpeci
fi
cat
ion
Fi
nal speci
fi
cat
ions ar
e dev
eloped by assessi
ng t
he act
ual
t
echnol
ogi
calconst
rai
nt,
flowdownappr
opr
iat
especi
fi
cat
ions,
andr
efl
ect
ont
hepr
ocess.Byhav
ingt
het
argetspecsf
rom cust
omerneedsi
nthe
f
ir
stassi
gnment
,fi
nalspeci
fi
cat
ionsar
emadeconsi
der
ingt
hef
easi
bil
i
ty,
model
,test
ing,andt
rade-
off
sfr
om t
hepr
oductconcept
.Thi
spr
oducti
s
measur
ed i
n somequant
if
icat
ion par
amet
ers.Somedev
elopmentand
f
inal
adj
ust
menthav
ebeendonet
osui
tthenewpr
oduct
.
Tabl
e1.
X.Fi
nal
Speci
fi
cat
ion
 CHAPTER2
PRODUCTDESI
GNCOMMUNI
CATI
ONANDVI
SUAL

2.
1 Pr
ofi
eCompany
The suggest
ed name of company i
s PT Raxana Chemi
cal
s
I
ndonesi
a.Raxana i
s der
ived f
rom Sanskr
itwor
d,Raksana,meani
ng
pr
otect
ion,def
ense,andpr
eser
vat
ion;j
ustl
i
ket
hecompany
’sv
isi
onof
pr
ovi
ding pr
otect
ion f
rom cor
rosi
on pr
obl
em wi
tht
he concer
n of
env
ironmentandbr
ingf
orwar
dcor
rosi
oni
nhi
bit
orasoneoft
heoi
l
fiel
d
chemi
cali
ntheeconomyofI
ndonesi
a,aswel
lascat
aly
zingt
hegr
owt
hof
cast
oroi
l
.
Thehi
ghestdeci
sionmakerofPTRaxanaChemi
cal
sIndonesi
ais
det
ermi
ned att
he shar
ehol
der
s meet
ing whi
ch i
s at
tended by chi
ef
execut
ive,
dir
ect
ors,
andmanager
sofPTRaxanaChemi
cal
sIndonesi
a.PT
Rax
anaChemi
cal
sIndonesi
aisl
ocalpr
ivat
ecompanymanuf
act
uresi
ts
ownpr
oduct
sandgai
nst
hecapi
tal
from bankl
oansandst
ocki
nvest
ors.

Fi
gur
e2.
XPTRaksanaChemi
cal
sIndonesi
a

Thecompanyl
ogoi
sint
hef
orm ofshi
eldaswewantt
oemphasi
ze
t
hatt
hechemi
calpr
oducedi
nthi
scompanycanpr
otecti
nst
rument
sfr
om
al
lmet
alpr
obl
em.Ahi
ntofgr
eeni
nthel
ogor
epr
esent
sourconcer
nin
dev
elopi
ng env
ironment
al-
fr
iendl
ypr
oducti
nthescal
eofpr
ofessi
onal
i
ndust
ri
al-
usewhi
chi
ssy
mbol
i
zedwi
thdar
kbl
uecol
ort
hatst
andsf
or
pr
ofessi
onal
i
sm.
2.
2 Pr
oductBr
and,
Tagl
ine,
andLogo
 The cor
rosi
on i
nhi
bit
or pr
oduct
’s br s Cor
and i r-
Cast
er whi
ch
f
unct
ioni
stocastawaycor
rosi
on.Ast
hepr
oducti
smai
nlybasedon
cast
oroi
l
,“Cast
er”i
nthebr
andnameal
sost
andsf
orcast
orpl
ant
.Wi
tht
he
pr
oduct
’sspeci
fi
cat
ionst
atedi
nthepr
evi
ouschapt
er,suggest
edpr
oduct
wi
l
lbecomeapi
oneerofnat
ural
-basedcor
rosi
oni
nhi
bit
orwi
thf
ast
-act
ing
f
eat
ure mor
e ef
fect
ive t
han heav
y met
al-
based exi
sti
ng pr
oduct
.
Suggest
edpr
oductcoul
dpot
ent
ial
l
yleadt
hemar
keti
nIndonesi
aast
he
speci
fi
cat
ionsdemandedi
sful
fi
ll
edaccor
dingt
oit
sinhi
bit
ionef
fi
ciency
,
f
ast
-act
ing aspect
, pr
otect
ion dur
ati
on, env
ironment
al r
egul
ator
y
compl
i
ance,
andappl
i
cat
ionease.

Fi
gur
e2.
XPr
oductLogoandTagl
ine

Tagl
i
nei
sacat
chphr
aseorsl
ogan,
especi
all
yasusedi
nadv
ert
isi
ng,
ort
hepunchl
i
neofapr
oduct
.Ear
-cat
chi
ngandsci
ent
if
ic-
soundedt
agl
i
ne
i
sneededt
oadv
ert
iseCor
r-
Cast
ersot
hatacust
omerv
iewatt
hepr
oduct
aspr
ofessi
onal
-handl
edandpower
fuloneandcoul
dcr
eat
etheur
gency
buyCor
r-
Cast
erf
ort
hei
rcor
rosi
onpr em.CastAwayCor
obl rosi
onwi
th
Gr
eenerTech.i
sthet
agl
i
neofsuggest
edpr
oduct
.
Pr
oductLogoconsi
stedofshapesr
esembl
i
ngcast
orf
rui
tandcl
ock
f
inger
,whi
chr
epr
esent
sthef
ast
-act
ingaspectofourpr
oductandt
he
mai
ningr
edi
entoft
hepr
oduct
.Thepr
oductl
ogohast
hemai
ncol
orof
gr
een,r
epr
esent
ing t
hecompany
’sf
ocusi
ndev
elopi
ng env
ironment
al-
f
ri
endl
ycor
rosi
oni
nhi
bit
or.I
ncol
orpsy
chol
ogy
,gr
eenr
epr
esent
sgr
owt
h,
nat
ure,saf
ety
,andst
abi
l
ity
.Notmanycol
orusedi
nthepr
oductl
ogoas
mor
ecol
orwoul
dresul
tinmor
ecostt
hepr
int
ingpr
ocess.
2.
3 Pr
otot
ypeandPackagi
ngDesi
gn
 Asst
atedi
npr
evi
ouschapt
er,pr
oductwoul
dber
etai
l
edi
nsi
zeof
200 L perdr
um,wi
tht
he dr
um made ofhi
gh densi
ty pol
yet
hyl
ene
pur
chasedf
rom CVBer
li
anBi
ru,Si
doar
jo,t
hecl
osestsuppl
i
erofHDPE
dr
um t
othepl
antwi
tht
hepr
iceofRp240.
000,
-perdr
um.
Pol
yet
hyl
enebar
rel
sar
eact
ual
l
ymadei
nvar
iouscol
ors.Howev
er,
semi
-t
ranspar
entcol
oronesar
enotUVr
esi
stantandar
enotsui
tabl
efor
out
doorst
orage.Bl
ackdr
umscanbepr
obl
emat
icasbl
ackpi
gmenti
s
of
tencr
eat
edf
rom mi
xi
ngv
ari
ouscol
orsi
nar
ecy
cli
ngpr
ocessandt
her
e
i
snocer
tai
ntyast
owhatt
hepr
evi
ouspl
ast
icmat
eri
alwasusedf
or.The
bl
uepi
gmenti
npol
yet
hyl
enedr
umshasahi
gherUVl
i
ghtr
esi
stancet
han
nat
uralanddoesnotshowdi
rtorr
esi
dueasr
eadi
l
y.Tomakeourpr
oduct
packagi
ngdi
sti
ngui
shabl
efr
om oi
l
fiel
dchemi
cal
usedi
nthef
iel
d,r
eadabl
e
andsuf
fi
cient
lybi
glabel
l
ingi
sappl
i
edt
othedr
um.

Fi
gur
e2.
XPr
oductPackagi
ng
 CHAPTER3
FI
NALPRODUCT

3.
1 Mar
ketSegr
egat
ionandDemand
3.
1.1 Geogr
aphi
cSegment
ati
on
Mar
kett
argeti
s segment
ed based on t
wo aspect
s.The f
ir
st
consi
der
ati
oni
sbasedont
heappl
i
cat
iont
argetofcor
rosi
oni
nhi
bit
or.The
secondconsi
der
ati
oni
sbasedont
hegeogr
aphi
calaspect
.Thi
scor
rosi
on
i
nhi
bit
orpr
oducti
sdesi
gnedf
ort
ransmi
ssi
ongaspi
pel
i
ne.Thi
smeans
t
hatourpr
oducti
susedonpi
pesf
rom t
hegasst
ati
oni
ntosomef
aci
l
iti
es.
Fi
gur
e3.
1.bel
owshowsI
ndonesi
anat
ural
gasr
eser
vesi
n2012.

Fi
gur
e3.
1.Pot
ent
ial
gaspr
oduct
ioni
nIndonesi
a
(
Sour
ce:
Dir
ekt
oratJendr
alMi
gas,
2012)
Basedont
hat
,wecanseet
hatSumat
raandJav
aIsl
andsar
ethe
bi
gisl
andst
hathav
ebi
gpot
ent
ialf
orgaspr
oduct
ion.Fr
om t
hepi
ctur
e,
I
ndonesi
ahas190,
7TSCFpot
ent
ial
.Sumat
raandJav
ahav
e41,
86TSCF
pot
ent
ialwhi
chi
sal
most22%ofal
l
.Nat
unaal
socanbeputi
ntoSumat
ra
sect
ionbecauset
hei
rdi
str
ibut
ioni
sthr
oughSumat
ra.I
tmeanst
hose
per
cent
agecoul
d bebi
ggert
hani
tshoul
d.Ther
efor
e,i
twi
l
lbemor
e
t
ransmi
ssi
ongaspi
pel
i
nei
nSumat
raandJav
a,andt
heuseofcor
rosi
on
i
nhi
bit
orwi
l
lbebi
ggert
hanot
herpl
aces.
3.
1.2 Suppl
yandDemandAppr
oxi
mat
ion
Thi
spr
oductexcel
sint
hemostoft
hepar
amet
ersandhasagr
eat
chancet
oanswercust
omerneeds.Theadv
ant
ageoft
hispr
oducti
sthe
abi
l
ityt
opr
eventcor
rosi
onwhi
chi
sbet
tert
hant
heexi
sti
ngpr
oduct
s,f
ast
act
ing,andal
soi
twi
l
lbemor
eenv
ironment
all
yfr
iendl
yasi
tismade
basedonTur
keyRedOi
lsowebel
i
eveourpr
oduct
swi
l
lbeont
hemar
ket
.
Howev
er,t
oknow t
hemar
kett
argetofourpr
oduct
s,i
tisnecessar
yto
knowt
heanal
ysi
sdemandandsuppl
yofcor
rosi
oni
nhi
bit
or.
3.
1.2.
1Mar
ketCapaci
ty
To know t
he amountofcor
rosi
on i
nhi
bit
ors used by some
compani
es,
weshoul
dknowt
heav
eragei
nject
ionr
ateofgaspi
pel
i
ne.The
pr
act
icalr
uleofi
nject
ioncor
rosi
oni
nhi
bit
orr
atei
s0.
28-
0.58L/dayf
rom
eachMMSCFDgaspr
oduct
ionwhi
chf
lowsi
npi
pe.Forcal
cul
ati
ons,we
use0.
43L/dayast
heav
erageamountt
oant
ici
pat
ethedemand.Fr
om
dat
a,wegett
hatev
ery
daygaspr
oduct
ioni
nSumat
raandJav
aisar
ound
56156MMSCFD,sot
hedemandf
orcor
rosi
oni
nhi
bit
orsi
nSumat
raand
Jav
abasedoncal
cul
ati
onsi
s29767.
31Lcor
rosi
oni
nhi
bit
orsf
oreachday
.
Thi
samounti
sequal
to149dr
um t
anksf
oreachday
.
Suppl
ydat
aofcor
rosi
oni
nhi
bit
orhasnotf
oundy
et.Todet
ermi
ne
t
he i
nhi
bit
orsuppl
ydat
a,we per
for
med cal
cul
ati
ons usi
ng cor
rosi
on
i
nhi
bit
ori
nvent
orydat
afr
om sev
eralf
act
ori
esasanassumpt
ionoft
he
amountofsuppl
yandt
urnedi
tint
oacor
rosi
oni
nhi
bit
orsuppl
yinSumat
ra
andJav
a.Thecal
cul
ati
onr
esul
tsi
nsuppl
yof80dr
um t
anksofcor
rosi
on
i
nhi
bit
orperday
.
Tabl
e3.
1.Pr
oduct
ioncapaci
tycal
cul
ati
on
DemandofCor
rosi
on
29767,
31 L/
day
I
nhi
bit
or
DemandofCor
rosi
on
148,
84 Tanks/
day
I
nhi
bit
or
Suppl
yofCor
rosi
on
80 Tanks/
day
I
nhi
bit
or
Del
ta 68,
84 Tanks/
day
 Per
centI
mpor
t 46,
2 %
Mar
ketTar
get 9,
26 %
Pr
oduct
ionCapaci
ty 2753,
6 L/
day
Oper
ati
onTi
me 08.
00-
16.
30
Pr
oduct
ionDay
s 315 day
s

Fr
om t
hedat
acal
cul
ati
on,
wecanseet
hatwewantt
obedomi
nant
i
n9,
26%ofal
l
.
3.
1.2.
2Pr
oductCapaci
ty
Weassumet
hatwewi
l
lov
ercome9,
26%ofmar
ketwhi
chr
esul
tina
pr
oduct
ion ofcor
rosi
on i
nhi
bit
or.The pr
oductar
etanks of200 l
i
ter
cor
rosi
oni
nhi
bit
or.Tabl
e3.
2shownusaboutt
hecal
cul
ati
onofpr
oduct
ion
capaci
ty.
Tabl
e3.
2.Pr
oduct
ioncapaci
ty
DemandofCor
rosi
onI
nhi
bit
or 29767,
31 L/
day
DemandofCor
rosi
onI
nhi
bit
or 148,
84 Tanks/
day
Suppl
yofCor
rosi
onI
nhi
bit
or 80 Tanks/
day
Del
ta 68,
84 Tanks/
day
Per
centI
mpor
t 46,
2 %
Mar
ketTar
get 9,
26 %
Oper
ati
onTi
me 08.
00-
16.
30
Pr
oduct
ionDay
s 315 day
s
13,
768 Tanks/
day
4336 Tanks/
year
Pr
oduct
ionCapaci
ty
2753,
6 L/
day
867.
384 L/
year

3.
2 RawMat
eri
al
3.
2.1 Tur
keyRedoi
l
Tur
keyr
edoi
lisi
mpor
tedf
rom Ji
nanShi
j
itongdaChemi
calCo.
,Lt
d.
f
rom Chi
nawi
th99%pur
it
y.Del
i
ver
yti
meest
imat
edi
sin10-
15day
saf
ter
pay
mentdeposi
twi
thdepar
tur
eshi
ppi
ngf
rom Qi
ngDao,
Shanghai
,Ti
anj
i
n,
orDal
ainPor
t.Mat
eri
alscanbedel
i
ver
edpackedi
ndr
um of190kg.I
na
mont
h,av
eraget
urkeyr
edoi
lneededf
orpr
oduct
ioni
s16994.
3kg/
mont
h
accor
dingt
othemassbal
anceont
henextsect
ionswhi
chconcl
udet
he
pur
chaseoft
urkeyr
edoi
lof90dr
umsamont
h.

Fi
gur
e3.
X.Tur
keyRedOi
l
(
Sour
ce:
Ali
baba.
com,
n.d.
)
3.
2.2 Di
pheny
lami
ne
Di
pheny
lami
nei
simpor
tedf
rom HangzhouShowl
andTechnol
ogy
Co.
,Lt
d.f
rom Chi
nawi
th99.
7%pur
it
y.Del
i
ver
yti
meest
imat
edi
sin10-
15
day
saf
terpay
mentdeposi
twi
thdepar
tur
eshi
ppi
ngf
rom ShanghaiPor
t.
Mat
eri
alscanbedel
i
ver
edpackedi
n25kgpaperorpl
ast
iccomposi
te
sack.I
namont
h,av
eragedi
pheny
lami
neneededf
orpr
oduct
ioni
s5172.
18
kg/
mont
haccor
dingt
othemassbal
anceont
henextsect
ions,whi
ch
concl
udet
hepur
chaseofdi
pheny
lami
neof58bagsamont
h.
 Fi
gur
e3.
X.Tur
keyRedOi
l
(
Sour
ce:
Ali
baba.
com,
n.d.
)

3.
3 Mai
nPr
oduct
ionPr
ocessSpeci
fi
cat
ion
Castoroilbasedcor rosioni nhi
bit
ormanuf actur
ingpr ocessonl y
i
nv olv
esonemai nstagewhi chi sMi xi
nganddi luti
on.Al lofther aws
mat eri
alwil
lbemi xedanddi lutedindisti
ll
edwater.Finall
ythiscorrosion
i
nhi bi
tori
sreadytocommer si
alized.Theblockfl
owdi agram ofproduction
process is shown in Fi
gur e 2.1.Int hi
s sect
ion,t
here wi l
lbe further
explanati
onaboutthemet hodt hatisusedtoproducenamapr oduk

Materi
al Mi
xing& Qual
it
y
Pr
eparat
ion di
l
ut i
on Cont
rol

Packi
ng&
St
ori
ng Di
str
ibut
ion
Label
li
ng

Fi
gur
e.Bl
ockFl
owDi
agr
am ofPr
oductManuf
act
uri
ng
3.
3.1 Mat
eri
alPr
epar
ati
on
Thef i
rststepofmanuf act
uri
ngpr oducti
sgat heri
ngalloft heraw
mat er
ial
sneeded.Ther earevariousmateri
alsandcomponent sthat
usedf or… ( j
udulproduk)
,whi char eTurkeyr edoil,water,and
diphenylamine.Alloftheraw mat er
ial
saresuppl i
edf r
om anot her
manuf actur
er s.Befor
ecar r
yingoutt othenextpr ocess,att his
stage,Al l oft heraw materi
alsthathavebeenpur chasedf r
om
othermanuf acturer
swi l
lbeunloadedfrom tr
ucksandbest ored in
thestoraget ank

3.
3.2 Mi
xi
nganddi
l
uti
on
Thepr ocessofmi xi
ngTur keyredoilanddi pheny l
aminetakeplace
i
nr oom t emper at
ure,25℃ .Thenf ort hepr essure,theoperati
on
conditi
onwi llbehappenedi nanat mospher icpressure.I
nt hi
sstep,
di
stil
ledwat erisaddedt oo.Thi smi xingpr ocessi sintendedto
makecor rosioninhi
bit
orar eperfectlymi xed soahomogeneous
mixturecanbeachi ved.Thi swil
lpr oduceasol uti
onofcast oroil
basedcor rosioninhi
bitorTheout putoft hisproductisexpectedto
consistof23%wtTur keyr edoil
,7%wtDi phenylamine,and70%wt
Water.

3.
3.3 Qual
i
tyCont
rol
Allofthecor rosi
oni nhi
bitorwil
lbest or
edi nstoragetankbefore
enter
ingthepackagi ngpr ocess.Fi
nishedproductwi l
lbetestedto
makesur et hatthepr oducthasgoodqual i
ty.Thisprocessoften
call
ed Quality Controlini ndustr
y.Good qual it
y means al lof
spesif
icat
ionsoft hepr oductareconsistentwitht hestatement
beforeinsecti
on1.3.

3.
3.4 Packi
ngandLabel
l
ing
Afterpassingt hequal i
tycont rol
,Fi l
li
ngi nthecor rosioninhibitor
i
ntopl asti
cdrum wi l
lbet henextst age.Thisstage ofpackagi ngi s
done aut omat ed and i s considered as t he pr
imar ypackagi ng.
Primary packagi ng i s t ype of package whi ch di rect l
y
accommodat es /pr otectsthe pr oduct .Aft
ert hat,the labelli
ng
processwi llbegi n.Inf
ormat i
onaboutt heproductorl abelwillbe
attachedt othepl asti
cdr um aut omat i
call
y.Atthiscondi t
ion,t he
productsi sr eadyt o be commer ci
ali
zed and wi l
lbe puti na
war ehouse bef ore being di str
ibuted and l oading t o t r
ucks.
War ehouseisneededt ost or
et hepr oduct.
4 Mai
nEqui
pmentSpeci
fi
cat
ion
4.
3.1 RawMat
eri
alLi
qui
dSt
orageTank
Ther
awmat
eri
alsar
ekepti
nsi
der
awmat
eri
all
i
qui
dst
oraget
anks.
Thepi
ctur
eoft
hest
oraget
ankandt
hedet
ail
edspeci
fi
cat
ionsar
eshown
onFi
gur
eX.andTabl
eX.r
espect
ivel
y.

Fi
gur
eX.RawMat
eri
alLi
qui
dSt
orageTank
(
Sour ht
ce: t
ps:
//www.
plast
ic-
mar
t.
com)

Tabl
eX.RawMat
eri
alLi
qui
dSt
orageTankSpeci
fi
cat
ions
Pr
oductName A-
VT1000-
64

Br
and Den-
Har
tog

Vol
umeCapaci
ty 1000Gal
l
ons

Di
mensi
on 64-
inch(
Diamet
er)x81-
inch(
Hei
ght
)

Thi
ckness 0.
5-i
nch

Wei
ght 252l
bs.

Mat
eri
al Pol
yet
hyl
ene

Ser
viceLi
fe Ar
ound18Year
s

Pr
ice $1000

(
Sour
ce:
Repr
oducedf
rom ht
tps:
//www.
plast
ic-
mar
t.
com)
4.
3.2 Mi
xi
ngTank
Al
lther
aw mat
eri
alskepti
nsi
det
her
aw mat
eri
all
i
qui
dst
orage
t
anksar
eputi
nsi
det
hemi
xi
ngt
ank,t
omi
xal
lthedi
ff
erentcomponent
s
wi
th an agi
tat
or.The pi
ctur
e oft
he mi
xi
ng t
ank and t
he det
ail
ed
speci
fi
cat
ionsar
eshownonFi
gur
eX.andTabl
eX.r
espect
ivel
y.

Fi
gur
eX.Mi
xingTank
(
Sour
ce:
htt
ps:
//www.
ali
baba.
com¬)

Tabl
eX.Mi
xingTankSpeci
fi
cat
ions
Br
and Makwel
l

Mi
xerTy
pe Homogeni
zer

Mat
eri
al St
ainl
essSt
eel
304/SUS316L

Appl
i
cat
ion Vi
scousFl
uid

Addi
ti
onal
Capabi
l
iti
es Heat
ing

Vol
umeCapaci
ty 528Gal
l
ons

Thi
ckness 0.
5-i
nch

Power 4kW
 Vol
tage 220V/
380V/
440V

Di
mensi
on 34-
inch(
Diamet
er)x114-
inch(
Hei
ght
)

St
ir
rerSpeed 150r
pm

Pr
ice $3500

(
Sour
ce:
Repr
oducedf
rom ht
tps:
//www.
ali
baba.
com)

4.
3.3 Dr
um Fi
l
li
ngMachi
ne
Thi
sequi
pmenti
susedt
ofi
l
lthedr
umswi
tht
hef
inalpr
oduct
accor
dingt
othedesi
reddr
um speci
fi
cat
ion(
200L)
.Thepi
ctur
eoft
he
dr
um f
il
li
ngmachi
neandt
hedet
ail
edspeci
fi
cat
ionsar
eshownonFi
gur
eX.
andTabl
eX.r
espect
ivel
y.

Fi
gur
eX.Dr
um Fi
ll
ingMachi
ne
(
Sour
ce:
htt
ps:
//www.
ali
baba.
com¬)

Tabl
eX.Dr
um Fi
ll
ingMachi
neSpeci
fi
cat
ions
Ty
pe Fi
l
li
ngMachi
ne

Br
and Ki
ngMachi
ne

Dr
ivenTy
pe El
ect
ri
c
 Model KM

Vol
tage 220V/
380V

Power 1.
5kW

71-
inch(
Lengt
h)x39-
inch(
Widt
h)x59-
inch
Di
mensi
on
(
Hei
ght
)

Wei
ght 2500kg

Vol
umeCapaci
ty 200L

Pr
oduct
ionCapaci
ty 4000L/
h

Pr
ice $5500

(
Sour
ce:
Repr
oducedf
rom ht
tps:
//www.
ali
baba.
com¬)

4.
3.4 Label
l
ingMachi
ne
Thi
s equi
pmenti
s used t
olabeladhesi
vef
il
m on pr
oductof
ci
rcumf
erent
ialsur
face,i
nthi
scaset
he200Lpl
ast
icdr
ums.Thepi
ctur
e
oft
hel
abel
l
ingmachi
neandt
hedet
ail
edspeci
fi
cat
ionsar
eshownon
Fi
gur
eX.andTabl
eX.r
espect
ivel
y.

Fi
gur
eX.Label
ingMachi
ne
(
Sour
ce:
htt
ps:
//www.
ali
baba.
com¬)
 Tabl
eX.Label
ingMachi
neSpeci
fi
cat
ions
Pr
oductName BGJ-
Y200

Br
and CONSUNG

Dr
ivenTy
pe El
ect
ri
c

Vol
tage 220V/
380V

Power 2kW

79-
inch(
Lengt
h)x36-
inch(
Widt
h)x59-
inch
Di
mensi
on
(
Hei
ght
)

Wei
ght 150kg

Label
Type Pl
ast
ic

Label
i
ngSpeed 10pi
eces/
minut
e

Label
i
ngPr
eci
si
on ±1mm

Pr
ice $6000

(
Sour
ce:
Repr
oducedf
rom ht
tps:
//www.
ali
baba.
com¬)

4.
3.5 Reci
procat
ingPump
Tof
lowt
hehi
ghv
iscosi
tyofmi
xedsol
uti
onoft
urkeyr
edoi
loi
lint
o
f
il
tr
ati
on uni
t,t
her
efor
ereci
procat
ing pump i
s used i
nthe pr
ocess.
Reci
procat
ingpumpsar
eoneoft
heposi
ti
vedi
spl
acementpumpswhi
ch
cont
ainapi
stoncy
li
nderdev
ice.Tur
keyr
edoi
list
rappedi
ntot
hecy
li
nder
dur
ingsuct
ionst
rokeandf
orceoutdur
ingexhaustst
roke.I
nreci
procat
ing
pump,pi
stonsuckst
hef
lui
dandt
henpushesi
toutwhi
chdoesnotgi
ves
cont
inuoussuppl
y.Wheni
tcomest
otheoper
ati
on,
pri
mingpr
ocessi
snot
neededt
obeconduct
ed,t
husi
tiseasi
eri
npr
act
icalei
therdoesnott
ake
t
ime t
oo l
ong t
o st
artoper
ati
ng (
itsi
gni
fi
cant
ly has i
mpl
i
cat
ions i
n
i
ncr
easi
ngt
hepr
oductcapaci
tyr
ate)
.Asaf
orement
ioneddescr
ipt
ionof
r
eci
procat
ing pump,i
tis appr
opr
iat
eto be used i
n such f
lui
d.The
speci
fi
cat
ionsoft
her
eci
procat
ingpumpt
hatweused,
isshowni
nTabl
eX.

FigureX.Reci
procat
ingpump
(
Sour
ce:htt
p://
www. v
iki
ngpumpcanada.
com)

Tabl
eX.Reci
procat
ingpumpspeci
fi
cat
ions
Pr
oper
ti
es Speci
fi
cat
ions

Pr
oductName Posi
ti
veDi
spl
acementPumpPD-
75

Br
and Sel
woodLt
d

Head 30,
5m

3
Capaci
ty Upt
o30m /
h

Appl
i
cat
ion Chemi
cal
,Sl
urr
y,Sul
fur
icAci
d

PowerRequi
red 2.
5kW (
3,35hp)

PumpSpeedMax
. 1500r
pm

PumpSpeedMi
n. 960r
pm

Wei
ght 20.
5kg

MaxTemper
atur
e o343oC
Upt

Pr
ice $200/
uni
t
 (
Sour
ce:
htt
p:/
/www.
vi
ki
ngpumpcanada.
com)

4.
3.6 Cent
ri
fugal
Pump
I
naddi
ti
ont
ofl
owt
hewat
er,
assol
ventf
ormai
nrawmat
eri
al,
cent
ri
fugal
i
sused.Thedet
ail
speci
fi
cat
ionsf
ort
hiscent
ri
fugal
pumpi
sshowni
nTabl
eX.

Figur
eX.Centri
fugalpump
(
Sour
ce:htt
p:/
/www.al
ibaba.
com/product-
detai
l
/IS-
singl
e-stage-end-
suct
ion-
speci
fi
cati
on_
574365850.ht
ml?spm=a2700.7724838.0.0.2t
7t81&s=p)

Tabl
eX.Cent
ri
fugal
pumpspeci
fi
cat
ions

Pr
oper
ti
es Speci
fi
cat
ions

Pr
oductName I
S Si
ngl
e St
age End Suct
ion Cent
ri
fugalWat
er
Pump

Temper
atur
e 40oC-
- 400oC

Head 5m

Rot
ati
onSpeed 1450-
3600r
pm/
min,
50-
60Hz

Fl
owRat
e o6m3/
Upt h

Appl
i
cat
ion Chemi
cal
,Sl
urr
y,Sul
phur
icAci
d

Power 0.
19(
shaf
t)+0.
55(
mot
or)

Vol
tage 380V
Pr
ice $200/
uni
t

(
Sour
ce:htt
p:/
/www.al
ibaba.
com/product
-det
ail
/IS-
singl
e-stage-end-
suct
ion-
speci
fi
cati
on_
574365850.ht
ml?spm=a2700.7724838.0.0.2t
7t81&s=p)

5 MassandEner
gyBal
ance
3.
5.1 MassBal
ance
Amassbal
ance,
alsocal
l
edamat
eri
albal
ance,
isanappl
i
cat
ionof
conser
vat
ionofmasst
otheanal
ysi
sofphy
sicalsy
stems.Byaccount
ing
f
ormat
eri
alent
eri
ngandl
eav
ingasy
stem,massf
lowscanbei
dent
if
ied
whi
chmi
ghthav
ebeenunknown,ordi
ff
icul
tto measur
ewi
thoutt
his
t
echni
que.Theexactconser
vat
ionl
awusedi
ntheanal
ysi
soft
hesy
stem
dependsont
hecont
extoft
hepr
obl
em,butal
lrev
olv
ear
ound mass
conser
vat
ion,i
not
herwor
dst
hatmat
tercannotdi
sappearorbecr
eat
ed
spont
aneousl
y.
Thegener
alf
orm quot
edf
oramassbal
ancei
s‘t
hemasst
hat
ent
ersasy
stem must
,byconser
vat
ionofmass,
eit
herl
eav
ethesy
stem or
accumul
atewi
thi
nthesy
stem’
.Mat
hemat
ical
l
ythemassbal
ancef
ora
sy
stem wi
thoutachemi
cal
react
ioni
sasf
oll
ows:
Ac
cumul
ati
on =I
nput-
Out
put

I
ntheabsenceofachemi
calr
eact
iont
heamountofanychemi
cal
speci
esf
lowi
ngi
nandoutwi
l
lbet
hesame;t
hisgi
vesr
iset
oanequat
ion
f
oreachspeci
espr
esenti
nthesy
stem.Howev
er,i
fthi
sisnott
hecase
t
hen t
he mass bal
ance equat
ion mustbe amended t
o al
l
ow f
ort
he
gener
ati
onordepl
eti
on(
consumpt
ion)ofeachchemi
calspeci
es.Some
useonet
ermi
nthi
sequat
iont
oaccountf
orchemi
calr
eact
ions,
whi
chwi
l
l
be negat
ivef
ordepl
eti
on and posi
ti
vef
orgener
ati
on.Howev
er,t
he
conv
ent
ionalf
orm oft
hisequat
ioni
swr
it
tent
oaccountf
orbot
haposi
ti
ve
gener
ati
ont
erm(
i.
e.pr
oductofr
eact
ion)andanegat
iveconsumpt
ion
t
erm(
ther
eact
ant
susedt
opr
oducet
hepr
oduct
s).Al
thoughov
eral
lone
t
erm wi
l
laccosuntf
ort
het
otalbal
anceont
hesy
stem,i
fthi
sbal
ance
equat
ioni
stobeappl
i
edt
oani
ndi
vi
dualspeci
esandt
hent
heent
ir
e
 pr
ocess,
bot
hter
msar
enecessar
y.Theequat
ioni
sgi
venbel
ow;not
ethat
i
tsi
mpl
i
fiest
otheear
li
erequat
ioni
nthecaset
hatt
hegener
ati
ont
ermi
s
zer
o.
Ac
cumul
ati
on =I
nput-
Out
put+Ge
ner
ati
on-
Cons
umpt
ion

Gener
all
y,i
nthi
spar
t,massbal
ancecal
cul
ati
oni
sdet
ermi
nedt
o
obt
aint
hecomposi
ti
onofeachr
aw mat
eri
albyut
il
izi
ngt
hecomposi
ti
on
dat
aoft
hedesi
redpr
oductandcapaci
tyr
ateperday
.Regar
dingt
othe
af
orement
ioned,t
oobt
aint
hosedat
a,under
standi
ngpr
ocesst
hati
sused
t
opr
oducet
hepr
oducti
snecessar
y.Becausei
tonl
yrel
atedt
othemai
n
pr
ocess,ot
hert
hansuppor
ti
ngpr
ocess.Mai
npr
ocessi
npr
oduct
ionof
pr
oducti
sthemi
xi
ngpr
ocesswher
eal
lther
aw mat
eri
alsar
emi
xedt
o
f
ormt
hedesi
redpr
oduct
.Meanwhi
l
e,t
hesuppor
ti
ngpr
ocessesconsi
stof
sev
eralpr
ocessest
hatr
elat
edt
othemai
npr
ocessbuthasnoi
nfl
uencei
n
det
ermi
ning t
he composi
ti
on dat
a ofpr
oduct
.Suppor
ti
ng pr
ocesses
consi
stofmat
eri
alpr
epar
ati
on,qual
i
tycont
rol
,packagi
ngandl
abel
l
ing,
st
ori
ng,
anddi
str
ibut
ion.

I
nar
rangi
ngmassbal
ance,
iti
simpor
tantt
onot
icet
hatcal
cul
ati
on
i
sst
art
edf
rom t
heendofpr
ocess(
bypay
ingat
tent
iont
othepr
oduct
ion
r
ate)t
othebegi
nni
ng.Byi
mpl
ement
ingt
hisconcepti
nmi
nd,t
hust
he
amountofr
awmat
eri
alcanbemeasur
ed.Thef
oll
owi
ngar
emassbal
ance
f
ort
hemai
npr
ocess,i
.e.mi
xi
ngpr
ocess,whosecal
cul
ati
oni
susedt
o
obt
aint
heamountoft
urkeyr
edoi
l
,di
pheny
lami
ne,andwat
erasr
aw
mat
eri
als.

Mi
xi
ngProcess
MassFl
owI
n (
perday) MassFl
ow

‘
MassFl
owI
n’Composi
ti
on ‘
MassFl
owOut
’Composi
ti
on

Mass Mass
Compound %wt fl
ow Compound fl
ow
(
kg/day
) (
kg/day
)

Tur
keyRedOi
l 23 2068,
87 Mi
xedPr
oduct 2955,
53

Di
pheny
lami
ne 7 679,
77
 Fi
gur
eX.MassBal
anceperDayf
orTheMi
xi
ngPr
ocess
Byusi
ngmassbal
anceconceptwher
ether
eisnor
eact
ionoccur
,it
st
rai
ght
for
war
dlymeanst
hatt
her
eisnogener
ati
onandconsumpt
ioni
n
st
eadyst
ate mi
xi
ng pr
ocess.Thus,mass f
low i
nis equali
n mi
xi
ng
pr
ocesswi
thmassf
low out
.Massf
low outcanbedet
ermi
nedbyusi
ng
dat
afr
om pr
oduct
ionr
ateperdayi
nkg/
day
.Byut
il
izi
ngt
heper
centof
composi
ti
ont
hathasbeendet
ermi
nedbef
ore,t
her
efor
etheamountof
eachspeci
esofr
aw mat
eri
alcanbespeci
fi
edt
oo.I
fthebasi
sofmass
f
low i
scal
cul
atedperbat
ch,notperday
,wher
eonedayconsi
stsoff
our
bat
ch,
thust
hef
oll
owi
ngschemecandepi
ctt
hemassbal
ancecal
cul
ati
on
perbat
ch.

Mi
xi
ngProcess
MassFl
owI
n (
perbat
ch) MassFl
ow

‘
MassFl
owI
n’Composi
ti
on ‘
MassFl
owOut
’Composi
ti
on

Mass Mass
f
low f
low
Compound %wt Compound
(
kg/bat
ch (
kg/bat
ch
) )

Tur
keyRedOi
l 23 517,
22

Fi
gur
eX.MassBal
anceperBat
chf
orTheMi
xi
ngPr
ocess

Ot
hert
han mai
n pr
ocess,massbal
ancef
orsev
eralsuppor
ti
ng
pr
ocesscanbedet
ermi
nedasf
oll
owi
ng.

Massbal
ancef
ormat
eri
alpr
epar
ati
on.

Si
ncet
hispr
ocessi
sonl
ytheunl
oadi
ngofr
awmat
eri
alf
ormt
rucks,
andst
ori
ngi
tint
hest
oraget
ank,wher
ether
eisnor
eact
ionoccurandby
assumi
ng t
hatt
her
eisno l
eakage ofl
i
qui
d mat
eri
al,t
hust
he mass
 bal
anceequat
ionoft
hispr
ocessi
sthatmassf
low i
nisequalt
omass
f
lowout
.Itcanbedepi
ctedbyt
hef
oll
owi
ngscheme.

MassFl
ow Mat
eri
alPr
epar
ati
on MassFl
ow
I
n Out

‘
MassFl
owI
n’Composi
ti
on ‘
MassFl
owOut
’Composi
ti
on

Mass Mass
Compound %wt fl
ow Compound %wt fl
ow
(
kg/day
) (
kg/day
)

Tur
keyRedOi
l 23 2068,
87 Tur
keyRedOi
l 23 2068,
87

Di
pheny
lami
ne 7 679,
77 Di
pheny
lami
ne 7 679,
77
Fi
gur
eX.MassBal
anceperDayf
orMat
eri
alPr
epar
ati
onPr
ocess

Massbal
ancef
orpackagi
ngandl
abel
l
ingpr
ocess.

Packagi
ng ofmi
xed pr
oducti
nsi
de ofpl
act
ic dr
um 4 kg i
s
conduct
edbef
orepr
oducti
sdi
str
ibut
ingt
other
etai
l
erort
heend-
user
.
Usi
ngpl
ast
icdr
um aspackagi
ngmedi
aisaddi
ngt
hemassofpr
oductat
t
heendofpackagi
ngpr
ocess.Meanwhi
l
e,addi
ngsomei
nfor
mat
ionl
abel
aboutt
hepr
oducti
nlabel
l
ingpr
ocessi
snotaf
fect
ingt
heov
eral
lmass
bal
ancei
nbot
hpr
ocessesbyconsi
der
ingt
hatt
hemassofl
abelcanbe
negl
ect
ed r
athert
han pl
ast
ic dr
um and mi
xed pr
oductmasses.The
f
oll
owi
ngi
sthemassbal
anceschemef
orbot
hpr
ocesses.

‘
MassFl
owI
n’Composi
ti
on

Mass
Compound fl
ow
(
kg/day
)

Mi
xedPr Ma
oduct ssFl
ow 2955,
53
I
n

Packagi
ng Packagi
ngand
Label
li
ngProcess MassFl
ow
Materi
al
 Fi
gur
eX.MassBal
anceperDayf
orPackagi
ngandLabel
l
ingPr
ocess

Byconduct
ingmassbal
anceanal
ysi
sinpr
oductmanuf
act
uri
ng,t
he
massf
low i
n(r
aw mat
eri
alsmassf
low)perdaycanbespeci
fi
edast
he
f
oll
owi
ng.

Tabl
eX.Massf
lowi
nofsev
eral
rawmat
eri
als
Massf
lowi
n(i
nkg)
Compounds
PerDay PerBat
ch

Tur
keyRedOi
l 2068,
87 517,
22

Di
pheny
lami
ne 679,
77 169,
94

Wat
er 206,
89 51,
72

Tot
al 2955,
53 738,
88

3.
5.2 Ener
gyBal
ance
Todeterminetheenergybal anceoft heproducti
onprocess,the
powerusagei nthi
smanuf act
ureisobtainedbysummi ngeachequipment
powerr equi
rement .Ther
e are six equipmentused inthe product
ion
process.Theener gyissuppl
iedbyPLN.Thepowerusagei sbasedon
equipment’
sener
gyspecifi
cat
ionanddurationofequi pmentoper
ati
on.
Howev er
,thepowerusedisnotf ul
l
yeffi
cient,ther
ear eenergyl
osses
whichare15%.Thef oll
owingareener
gybal anceforonebatchandfor
oneday .
 Tabl
e5.Ener
gybal
ancef
oronebat
ch
ENERGYOUTPUT ENERGYI
NPUT
Equipment
Operat
ing NetEner
gy Energy Suppl
ied
Power Numberof
Pr
ocess Equi
pment Ti
me Requi
rement Sour
ce Losses Ener
gy
Consumption Equi
pment
(
h) (
kWh) (kw) (
kW)
(
kW)
Recipr
ocati
n
gpumpf or 2.
5 1 0.
033 0.
083 PLN 0.
013 0.
096
water
Mater
ial
Pr
epar
ati
Reci
procati
n
on
gpumpf or 2.
5 1 0.
083 0.
208 PLN 0.
031 0.
240
t
urkeyredoil

Mixi
ng
Mi
xi
ngt
ank 4 1 0.
567 2.
267 PLN 0.
340 2.
607
and
di
l
uti
on
Dr
um fi
l
li
ng
1.
5 1 0.
050 0.
075 PLN 0.
011 0.
086
machi
ne
Packagi
n
gand
Label
i
ng
l
abel
ing 2 1 0.
004 0.
008 PLN 0.
001 0.
010
machine

Tot
al 2,
642 3,
038
 Tabl
e5.Ener
gybal
ancef
oroneday
ENERGYOUTPUT ENERGYI
NPUT
Equipment
Operat
ing NetEner
gy Energy Suppl
ied
Power Numberof
Pr
ocess Equi
pment Ti
me Requir
ement Sour
ce Losses Energy
Consumption Equi
pment
(
h) (
kWh) (kw) (
kW)
(
kW)
Recipr
ocati
n
gpumpf or 2.
5 1 0.
133 0.
333 PLN 0.
033 0.
367
water
Mater
ial
Pr
epar
ati
Reci
procati
n
on
gpumpf or 2.
5 1 0.
333 0.
833 PLN 0.
125 0.
958
t
urkeyredoil

Mixi
ng
Mi
xi
ngt
ank 4 1 4.
000 16.
000 PLN 1.
600 17.
600
and
di
l
uti
on
Dr
um fi
l
li
ng
1.
5 1 0.
467 0.
700 PLN 0.
070 0.
770
machi
ne
Packagi
n
gand
Label
i
ng
l
abel
ing 2 1 0.
017 0.
033 PLN 0.
003 0.
037
machine

Tot
al 17,
9 19,
732
6 Pl
antSchedul
ing
Pl
antschedul
i
ngi
sani
ntegr
alpar
tinr
unni
ngapl
ant
,toensur
e
smoot
hmanuf
act
uri
ngpr
ocess.I
tisr
elat
edt
othet
imeneededt
oconduct
amanuf
act
uri
ngpr
ocess.Todet
ermi
net
het
imeneededt
omanuf
act
ure
t
he pr
oduct
,manuf
act
urer
s need t
o speci
fyt
he t
ime t
aken f
oreach
pr
ocess t
o be compl
eted, f
rom st
artt
o f
ini
sh. The equi
pment
speci
fi
cat
ionsusedi
nthi
spar
tar
etakenf
rom t
hepr
evi
oussect
ion.Each
pr
ocessi
sdi
scussedext
ensi
vel
ybel
ow.
 Pl
antPr
epar
ati
on
Real
i
sti
cal
l
y,i
nrunni
ngapl
ant
,ther
ear
esev
eralpr
e-pr
oduct
ion
pr
epar
ati
onsf
orbot
hthewor
ker
sandmat
eri
als,t
oensur
esmoot
h
pr
oduct
ionoper
ati
ons.
o Wor
kerPr
esence
o Ti
meNeeded :
10Mi
nut
es
o Expl
anat
ion :Thewor
ker
sar
egi
ven10mi
nut
esf
rom
8
AM t
oregi
stert
hei
rpr
esence.
o Wor
kerPr
epar
ati
on
o Ti
meNeeded :
10Mi
nut
es
o Expl
anat
ion :
Thewor
ker
sar
egi
ven10mi
nut
est
o
pr
epar
eforwor
k.
o Mat
eri
alandEqui
pmentPr
epar
ati
on
o Ti
meNeeded :
30Mi
nut
es
o Expl
anat
ion :The mat
eri
alsi
nsi
de ofal
lthe r
aw
mat
eri
al
l
i
qui
d st
orage t
ank and al
lthe
equi
pment ar
e checked bef
ore
oper
ati
onf
or15mi
nut
esr
espect
ivel
y.
 Mat
eri
alsI
nandOut
I
nthi
scat
egor
y,i
tisspeci
fi
edt
het
imeneededf
ort
her
awmat
eri
als
t
ofi
l
linsi
deandl
eav
ethef
ir
stmi
xi
ngt
ank.Thecal
cul
ati
onsar
ebased
ont
hepumpcapaci
tyandt
heamountofmat
eri
alst
obepumped.
(
PumpCapaci
ty:
500L/
Minut
e)
o Di
pheny
lami
ne(
C12H11N)
o Pumpi
ngC12H11N :
223
o Ti
meNeeded :
223L/500L/
Minut
e ≈0.
5Mi
nut
es
o Tur
keyRedOi
l(C18Na2O6S)
¬¬
o Pumpi
ngC18Na2O6S:
802L
o Ti
meNeeded :
802L/500L/
Minut
e ≈2Mi
nut
es
o Wat
er
o Pumpi
ngWat
er :
2586L
o Ti
meNeeded :
2586L/500L/
Minut
e ≈5Mi
nut
es
 Mi
xi
ng
Themat
eri
alsar
emi
xedwi
thanagi
tat
ori
nsi
det
hemi
xi
ngt
ank.The
mi
xi
ngt
imei
scal
cul
atedbyt
heequat
ionsbel
ow.
o Fi
ndi
ngMi
xtur
eFl
uidDy
nami
cVi
scosi
ty
I
nthemi
xi
ngt
ank,t
her
ear
e3di
ff
erentsubst
ancest
hatar
e
mi
xed,t
urkey r
ed oi
l
,di
pheny
lami
ne,and wat
er,and each
subst
ancehav
eit
sowni
ndi
vi
dualv
iscosi
ty.Tof
indt
hemi
xtur
e
f
lui
ddy
nami
cvi
scosi
ty,
ther
ear
esev
eralst
epst
hati
sneededt
o
bedoneasshownbel
owbasedon

μmix =vmixρmix

( (VBN 14.53-140.975))-0.8
vmixture =e
xpe
xp
mi
xtur
e

∑
VBNmixture = x
i=0
i×VBNi

VBNi =14. n(
534 ×l n(
l vi +0.
8))+10.
975
Wher
e:
 VBN =v
iscosi
tybl
endi
ngnumber
 vi =ki
nemat
icv
iscosi
tyoft
hesubst
ancei
ncent
ist
okes
 x
i =massf
ract
ionoft
hesubst
ance
 μmix =dy
nami
cvi
scosi
tymi
xtur
e(cP)att
emper
atur
eT
 ρmix =densi
tyoft
hef
lui
dmi
xtur
eatt
emper
atur
eT

Theequat
ionabov
eiscal
l
edRef
utasEquat
ion,i
nwhi
chi
t
cal
cul
atest
hemi
xtur
eki
nemat
icv
iscosi
tyusi
ngt
hev
iscosi
ty
bl
endi
ng number
,whi
ch i
s cal
cul
ated f
rom t
he ki
nemat
ic
v
iscosi
tyoft
hei
ndi
vi
dualsubst
ances.Hence,t
heki
nemat
ic
v
iscosi
ti
esoft
hei
ndi
vi
dualsubst
ancesar
ecal
cul
atedasshow
bel
ow.

μ
vi = i
ρi
Wher
e:
 μi =dy
nami
cvi
scosi
ty(
cP)att
emper
atur
eT
 ρi =densi
tyoft
hef
lui
datt
emper
atur
eT

Theknowndat
aar
e:
 μDiphenylamine =1.
56cPat20℃ =0.
00156Pa.
s
 μTurkeyRedOil =1.
92cPat20℃ =0.
00192Pa.
s

 μWater =1cPat20℃ =0.

00100Pa.
s

 m3
ρDiphenylamine =1160kg/

 m3
ρTurkeyRedOil =1060kg/

 ρWater m3
=1000kg/

Hence,
theki
nemat
icv
iscosi
ti
esar
e:
 vDiphenylamine =0.
00156Pa. m3=1.
s/1160kg/ 35×10-6m2/
s
=1.
35cS
 vTurkeyRedOil =0.
00192Pa. m3=1.
s/1060kg/ 81×10-6m2/
s

=1.
81cS
 vWater =0.
001Pa. m3 =1×10-6 m2/
s/1000kg/ s=1
cS
 Becauset
heki
nemat
icv
iscosi
ti
esoft
hesubst
ancesar
e
cal
cul
ated,t
hev
iscosi
tybl
endi
ngnumberofeachsubst
ance
andv
iscosi
tybl
endi
ngnumberoft
hemi
xtur
ecanbecal
cul
ated
asshownbel
ow

VBNi =14. n(
534 ×l n(
l vi +0.
8))+10.
975
VBNDiphenylamine =14. n(
534 ×l n(
l 1. 8)
35 +0. )+10.
975 =7.
093
VBNTurkeyRedOil =14. n(
534 ×l n(
l 1. 8)
81 +0. )+10.
975 =10.
380
VBNWater =14. n(
534 ×l n(
l 8)
1 +0. )+10.
975 =3.
252

Themassf
ract
ionsbasedont
hepr
evi
oussect
ionar
e:
 x
Diphe
nyl
a ne =0
mi .
07
 x
Tur
keyRe
dOi
l
=0.
23

 x
Wat
er =0.
7

∑
VBNmixture = x
i×
i=0
VBNi

VBNmixture =(
0.07 ×7.
093 +0.
7 ×3.
252 +0. 380)=5.
23 ×10. 160

Af
tert
he v
iscosi
ty bl
endi
ng numberoft
he mi
xtur
eis
cal
cul
ated,
itcanbeconv
ert
edt
ofi
ndt
heki
nemat
icv
iscosi
tyof
t
hemi
xtur
e,asshownbel
ow

( (VBN 14.53-140.975))-0.8
vmixture =e
xpe
xp
mi
xtur
e

( (5.1610-
vmixture =e
xpe
xp
534 )
10.
4.
975
)-0.8
vmixture =1.
154c 154 ×10-6m2/
S=1. s

The ki
nemat
icv
iscosi
ty can be conv
ert
ed i
nto dy
nami
c
v
iscosi
tyusi
ngt
hepr
evi
ousequat
ionasshownbel
ow.

μmix =vmixρmix

)( )
kg
(
μmix =1.
m2
3 3 =0.
154 ×10-6 s 1073.
m
00124Pa
.s

o Fi
ndi
ngRe
NiD2
iρmix
(
Re) =
i
μmix
Wher
e:
 Ni =st
ir
rerspeed=2.
51/
s
 Di =di
amet
err
eact
or=34-
inch=0.
85m
 ρmix =mi
xtur
efl
uiddensi
t m3
y=1073kg/
 μmix =mi
xtur
efl
uidv
iscosi
ty=0.
00124Pa.
s

(
2.51/
s)(
0.85m)(
2
1073kg
/m3)
(
Rei=
)
0.
00124
(
Re)
i=1564204

Based on t
he cal
cul
ati
on abov
e,t
he Rey
nol
d Numberi
s
1564204.Thenumberf
it
sthecr
it
era,(
i Re)
i>5 ×103,t
her
efor
e
mi
Nit sconst
antandcanbecal
cul
atedwi
tht
heequat
ionbel
ow.

1.
54V
m =
Nit
D3
i

1.
54(2000L)
m =
Nit
( 85m)
0.
3

m =
Nit 5015

o Fi
ndi
ngMi
xi
ngTi
me
m =
Nit 5015
 5015
m =
t =2006s
2.51/s
m ≈
t 34Mi
nut
es

o Mi
xi
ngTi
me(
tm) :
34Mi
nut
es
 Cor
rosi
onI
nhi
bit
ort
oFi
l
li
ngUni
t
Thet
imeneededf
ort
hecor
rosi
oni
nhi
bit
ort
obepumpedt
othe
f
il
li
nguni
tisbasedont
hepar
amet
ersbel
ow.
o PumpCapaci
ty :
6000L/
h
o Vol
ume :
200L
o Ti
meNeeded :200L/
6000L/
h=0.
0333Hour
s ≈2
Mi
nut
es
 Fi
l
li
ng
The f
il
li
ng pr
ocess f
il
l200 L pl
ast
ic dr
ums wi
tht
he cor
rosi
on
i
nhi
bit
orpr
oducedf
rom t
hepr
evi
ousst
eps,wher
eint
hemachi
newi
l
l
oper
atet
hepr
ocessaut
omat
ical
l
y. Thet
imeneededf
ort
hef
il
li
ng
pr
ocessi
sbasedont
hepar
amet
ersbel
ow.
o Fi
l
lCapaci
ty :
4000L/
h
o Vol
umet
obeFi
l
led :
200L
o Ti
meNeeded :200 L/
4000 L/
h = 0.
05 Hour
s=3
Mi
nut
es
 Label
i
ng
The l
abel
l
ing machi
ne l
abelt
he pl
ast
ic dr
ums f
rom t
he f
il
li
ng
pr
ocesswi
thapl
ast
icl
abelusi
nganadhesi
ve.Thet
imeneededf
ort
he
l
abel
i
ngpr
ocessi
sbasedont
hepar
amet
ersbel
ow.
o Label
i
ngCapaci
ty :
10Dr
ums/
Minut
e
o Pr
oduct
ionPerBat
ch :
750L/200L/
Drum =4Dr
ums
o Ti
meNeeded :4 Dr
ums/10 Dr
ums/
Minut
e= 0.
25
Mi
nut
es
 Cor
rosi
onI
nhi
bit
ort
oWar
ehouse
Thet
imeneededf
orcor
rosi
oni
nhi
bit
ort
obet
ranspor
tedf
rom t
he
l
abel
i
ngmachi
net
othewar
ehousei
sassumedt
obe6Mi
nut
es.
 Al
lthepr
ocessesi
nthepl
antar
ecal
cul
atedasshownabov
eand
canbesi
mpl
i
fiedbyt
heusageofGant
tChar
tshowni
nFi
gur
eXt
oX.

Fi
gur
eX.Legendf
orFi
gur
eX
Fi
gur
eX.Pl
antSchedul
ingOv
erv
iew
 Hence,t
he f
inaldat
a oft
he pl
ant
’s pr
oduct
ion per
iod can be
concl
udedasseenbel
ow.

Tabl
eX.Pl
antSchedul
ingSummar
y
Dur
ati
on
Pr
ocess
(
Minut
es)

Wor
kerPr
esence 10

Wor
kerPr
epar
ati
on 10
Pl
antPr
epar
ati
on
Mat
eri
aland
Equi
pment 30
Pr
epar
ati
on

Pumpi
ng
0.
5
Di
pheny
lami
ne

Mat
eri
alsI
nandOut Pumpi
ngTur
keyRed
2
Oi
l

Pumpi
ngWat
er 5

Mi
xi
ng 34

Cor
rosi
onI
nhi
bit
ort
oFi
l
li
ngUni
t 2

Fi
l
li
ng 3

Label
i
ng 0.
25

Cor
rosi
onI
nhi
bit
ort
oWar
ehouse 6

Tot
al 102.
75

Tabl
eX.Pr
oduct
ionPerDay
Pr
oduct
ionPerBat
ch 688.
4L/
Bat
ch
 Pl
antOper
ati
onDur
ati
on 102.
75Mi
nut
es/
Bat
ch

Wor
kDur
ati
on 480Mi
nut
es/
Day

Bat
chPerDay 4Bat
ch/
Day

Pr
oduct
ionPerDay 2753.
6L/
Day

7 Pr
oductDi
str
ibut
ion
I
nthi
s sect
ion,we expl
ain aboutt
he di
str
ibut
ion ofCor
r-
Cast
er
(
cor
rosi
on i
nhi
bit
ori
n oi
land gas pi
pel
i
ne)t
o ourcust
omer
s.The
expl
anat
ionconsi
stsofpr
oductdi
str
ibut
ionl
ocat
ion,pr
opor
ti
onpr
oduct
di
str
ibut
ion,pr
oductdi
str
ibut
ionf
rom pl
antt
ocust
omer
s,andt
hemode
t
ranspor
tat
ion.

7.
1Pr
oductDi
str
ibut
ionLocat
ion
The mai
ntar
getconsumerofcor
rosi
on i
nhi
bit
ori
s oi
land gas
company
,whi
chusecor
rosi
oni
nhi
bit
or.Ev
eryoi
landgascompanyhav
e
pi
pel
i
neoi
landgas,oi
landgasst
ati
onandt
hei
rfaci
l
ityandweshoul
d
consi
dert
heoi
landgasst
ati
onsl
ocat
ionbecauset
her
ear
ethepl
acet
hat
cor
rosi
oni
nhi
bit
orwi
l
lbei
nject
ed.Cor
r-
Cast
erpr
oductwi
l
lbedi
str
ibut
ed
t
osev
eral
cit
yinI
ndonesi
a.Ther
ear
e

Tabel
.Oi
landGasFi
eldi
nSumat
eraandJav
aIsl
and

No NAD Nor t
h South Ri
au West Cent
ral East
. Sumater Sumater Jav
a Jav
a Java
a a
1. Rant
a Pangkal
an Lubuk Dur
iFi
eld Kepul
aua Lepas Bl
okCepu
u SusuFi
eld Linggau nSeribu Pantai Fi
eld
Aceh Fi
eld Fi
eld Kebume
Fi
eld nFi
eld

2. Lepas Langkat Ramba Mi

nas Tambun Cil
acap Pol
eng
Pantai Fiel
d Fi
eld Fi
eld Fi
eld Fi
eld Fi
eld
Langs
 a
Fi
eld

3. Radiat
us Suban Kot
abara Ci
l
amay a Boj
onegor
Madu Fi
eld kFi
eld Fiel
d oFiel
d
Fi
eld

4. Bekasap Jati
Fiel
d Bar
ang
Fi
eld

5. Zamrud Laut
Fi
eld Jawa
Fiel
d

6. Petani Laut
Fi
eld Ut
ara
Fi
eld

7. Ampuh Subang
Fi
eld Fi
eld

8. Pat
apah I
ndramay
anFiel
d uFiel
d

9. Pedada
Fi
eld

10 Balam
Fi
eld

11. Nat
una
Fi
eld

Cor
r-
Cast
erwi
l
lsal
edi
rect
lyt
ocust
omerwi
thoutwhol
esal
er.

7.
2Pr
opor
ti
onofPr
oductDi
str
ibut
ion
Cor
r-
Cast
erwi
l
lbedi
str
ubut
edt
o6pr
ovi
ncei
nIndonesi
a.Theamount
oft
ransmi
ssi
ongasi
nSumat
eramor
ethanWestJav
a,Cent
ralJav
a,and
EastJav
a,.The pr
opor
ti
on ofpr
oductwi
l
lbe di
str
ibut
ed based on
cor
rosi
oni
nhi
bit
orr
equi
rementdat
a.Ther
ati
obet
weencor
rosi
oni
nhi
bit
or
r
equi
rementandt
otalcor
rosi
oni
nhi
bit
orr
equi
rementi
nthe6pr
ovi
nce
show t
hatRi
au Pr
ovi
nce 35%,WestJav
a 25%,EastJav
a 9%,Sout
h
Sumat
era9%,Nor
thSumat
era9%,Cent
ralJav
a6%,andNanggr
oeAceh
Dar
rusal
am 6%,
.Thedat
amaket
hepr
opor
ti
onofpr
oductdi
str
ibut
ionar
e
59% t
o Sumat
eraI
sland,and 41% t
o Jav
aIsl
and.Based on amount
pr
oduct
ionpr
oductpery
ear
sis4336dr
ums.

7.
3Pr
oductDi
str
ibut
ionf
rom Pl
antt
oCust
omer
Thecor
rosi
oni
nhi
bit
orwi
l
lcar
ryt
oNanggr
oeAcehDar
rusal
am,Nor
th
Sumat
era,Sout
hSumat
era,Ri
auPr
ovi
nce,WestJav
a,Cent
alJav
a,and
EastJav
a,.Ther
out
etoSumat
erai
slandv
iaMany
arEst
ateHar
bourusea
shi
p.Thedi
stancef
rom pl
antt
oMany
arEst
ateHar
bouri
s3,
2km and
f
rom Many
arEst
ateHar
bourt
othecor
rosi
oni
nhi
bit
orwi
l
lunl
oadi
ngatt
he
Bel
awanHar
bouri
nNor
thSumat
erat
hent
hrought
her
oaduseat
ruckt
o
cust
omeri
nNor
thSumat
eraandNanggr
oeAcehDar
rusal
am.I
twi
l
ltakes
ar
ound7-
12day
s.Thenwi
l
lbedi
str
ibut
etoRi
auPr
ovi
ncev
iaMany
ar
Est
ateHar
bourt
oTanj
ungHar
apanHar
bourt
hent
hrought
her
oadusea
t
ruckt
oconsumer
.Itwi
l
ltakesar
oundaday
s.Next
,Cor
r-
Cast
erwi
l
lbe
di
str
ibut
edt
oSout
hSumat
erav
iaMany
arEst
ateHar
bourt
oBakauheni
Har
bourt
hent
hrought
her
oaduseat
ruckt
ocust
omer
.Itwi
l
ltakes
ar
ound1-
2day
s.Thent
her
out
etoWestJav
aandCent
ralJav
avi
aTol
Many
ar-
Gresi
k-Sur
abay
a-Pal
i
manan-
Kopo-
Cikampek-
Jakar
ta(
784 km t
o
WestJav
aand318km t
oCent
ralJav
a)useat
ruckandt
her
out
etoEast
Jav
aisTolGr
esi
k-Sur
abay
a(27km)useat
ruck.Thepr
oductwi
l
lbe
di
str
ibut
edonceamont
htoSumat
erawhi
l
etoJav
aonceaweek.

7.
4ModeofTr
anspor
tat
ion
Thedi
str
ibut
ion wi
l
luse t
ruckasl
and t
ranspor
tat
ion and shi
p as
mar
inet
ranspor
tat
ion.Theuseoft
ruckst
odi
str
ibut
epr
oduct
scor
rosi
on
i
nhi
bit
ori
s consi
der
ed mor
e ef
fect
ive and f
lexi
ble because i
tis can
achi
evet
he t
argetdi
str
ibut
ion pr
oductl
ocat
ion on t
he cust
omer
s.I
n
addi
ti
on,t
heuseoft
het
rucki
sal
soconsi
der
edr
elat
ivel
yfasti
nthe
di
str
ibut
ionofourpr
oduct
s.Forcust
omer
slocat
ionatSumat
eraI
sland
hav
etouseofshi
psandt
ruck.Theshi
pswi
l
lcar
rycor
rosi
oni
nhi
bit
orf
rom
Jav
aIsl
and t
o Sumat
eraI
sland,t
hen f
rom t
heSumat
erahar
bourt
he
pr
oduct
swi
l
lcar
rybyt
ruckst
ocust
omer
s.
Wedeci
dedt
obuyFusoEngkelWi
ngboxt
ruckf
ort
ranspor
tat
iont
o
Jav
aIsl
andandCol
tDi
esel
Doubl
eBoxOut
sideJav
aIsl
and.
Thetr
uckusesol
ar.Onel
it
reofsol
arcant
rav
eladi
stanceof6km.The
pri
ceofsol
ari
sRp5,150perl
it
re.

8 Pl
antLocat
ion
Locat
ion ofpl
anti
simpor
tant
.The r
easons ar
eto mi
nimi
ze
di
str
ibut
ioncostandt
omaxi
mizeef
fect
iveness.St
rat
egi
clocat
ionwi
l
l
mi
nimi
zedi
str
ibut
ioncostsoneedsomel
ocat
ionalanal
ysi
s.Theanal
ysi
s
i
ncl
udesmanyaspect
stoconsi
der
.Ther
ear
e:

 Si
teEconomi
cs

Costest
abl
i
shmenti
sdef
inedast
hecostwhi
chi
sar
osef
rom t
he
pr
esenceofphy
sical
faci
l
iti
eswhi
l
eoper
ati
onal
costi
sdef
inedast
he
costwhi
chi
sincur
redbecauseoft
hecar
ryonoft
hebusi
nessonday
t
odaybasi
s(oper
ati
onal
costi
sal
soknownasr
unni
ngcost
).

 Demogr
aphi
cAnal
ysi
s

Thi
sanal
ysi
sconsi
der
sthepopul
ati
oni
nacer
tai
nar
ea,f
aci
l
ity
,age
composi
ti
on,
income(
percapi
ta)
,educat
ional
lev
el,
joboroccupat
ion
di
str
ibut
ion,andf
loodf
reear
ea,av
oidl
andsl
i
de,andl
ongdi
stance
f
rom beachbeacuseoft
sunami
.

 Tr
adeAr
eaAnal
ysi
s

Tr
adear
eaanal
ysi
sist
ofor
eseet
hesust
ainabi
l
ityoft
radi
ngsy
stem
t
hatoccur
sincer
tai
nar
ea.Thi
ski
ndofanal
ysi
sisv
erycr
uci
alt
o
ensur
ethatourcompanywi
l
lsust
aini
nthatar
ea.

 Compet
it
iveAnal
ysi
sLocat
ionAccessi
bil
i
ty

Thi
sanal
ysi
sconsi
der
ssomeaspect
sincl
udi
ngnat
ure,
locat
ion,
size
 andqual
i
tyofcompet
it
ioni
ncer
tai
ntr
adear
ea.

 Locat
ionAccesbi
l
ity

Ourpl
antmustbel
ocat
ednearornott
oof
arf
rom t
hesuppl
i
ersof
r
awmat
eri
alsandt
hedi
str
ibut
orsofourpr
oduct
.Suppl
i
ershoul
dbe
accessi
blet
omi
nimi
zet
ranspor
tat
ioncostandper
mitst
afft
omeet
suppl
i
erseasi
l
ytodi
scussqual
i
ty,t
echni
calordel
i
ver
ypr
obl
ems.
Goodaccessmeanst
hati
tneedst
obecl
oseandhav
ingaccessi
ble
t
ranspor
tat
ionmode.Besi
dest
hat
,ev
erybusi
nessuni
tdependson
mar
ketf
orsel
l
ing i
tspr
oduct
s,t
her
efor
eiti
simpor
tantf
orour
pr
oductt
oreacht
hemar
keti
nti
met
opr
ovi
debet
terser
vicesf
or
cost
umerandav
ail
abl
eatt
hel
owpr
ice.

 Av
ail
abl
eLotSi
zesi
ntheLocat
ion

Wehav
eto consi
derourpl
antsi
zeandcompr
omi
sei
twi
tht
he
av
ail
abl
elotsi
zesi
nthear
ea.Ourpl
antsi
zei
sdepend on t
he
equi
pmentsi
zesandl
ayout
,soweneedt
oconsi
dert
heequi
pment
speci
fi
cat
ionandi
tsl
ayoutbef
orechoosi
ngt
hesui
tabl
elotf
orour
pl
ant
.

 Av
ail
abi
l
ityofLabour
s

Amanuf
act
urewi
l
lneedmanyl
abour
stooper
ateal
lthepr
ocessunt
il
pr
oduct
ion.Ther
efor
e,accesst
owor
kfor
cet
obeempl
oyedi
samust
.
Easyaccesst
olabour
sfr
om ourpl
antwi
l
lbeconsi
der
ed.

 Av
ail
abi
l
ityofI
nfr
ast
ruct
ureFaci
l
iti
es.

Apl
antneedssomanyf
aci
l
iti
esandut
il
it
iest
osuppor
tit
soper
ati
on.
Ther
efor
e,adequat
efaci
l
iti
eswi
l
lbeneeded.Thef
aci
l
iti
est
hatar
e
r
eal
l
ycr
uci
alar
e:

1.Tr
anspor
tat
ionaccess.

2.Banki
ngandi
nsur
anceser
vice
 3.Cl
osef
rom houses

4.Fuel
suppl
y

5.Suppl
yofel
ect
ri
cit
yandwat
er

5.Di
sposal
ofWast
e

 Regi
onal
Regul
ati
ons

I
tisi
mpor
tantt
ocheckatanear
lyst
aget
hatt
hepr
oposedl
ocat
ion
doesnotv
iol
ateanyl
ocalr
egul
ati
onst
opr
eventunexpect
edpr
obl
em
suchast
hel
andper
missi
onandst
atusoft
hebusi
ness

 Saf
etyRequi
rement
s.

Pl
antl
ocat
ionmustmeetal
ltheessent
ialsaf
etyr
equi
rement
s.Due
t
oai
r,wat
erandsoundpol
l
uti
on,somecompani
eshav
ebadef
fect
onpeopl
ear
ound.Notonl
yef
fectt
opeopl
ethatl
i
venear
by,
butal
so
i
tcanef
fectt
oourenv
ironment
.

Ther
ear
eot
heri
mpor
tantf
act
orswhi
char
econsi
der
edi
nsel
ect
ing
pl
antl
ocat
ionso t
hati
tgi
vest
hemostsui
tabl
elocat
ion.Those
f
act
orsar
e:

a.Logi
sti
cofr
awmat
eri
alst
othepl
antandt
hepr
oductt
othemar
ket
.
b.Gov
ernmenti
nfl
uenceandpol
i
cy.
Thi
sanal
ysi
sconsi
der
ssomeaspect
sincl
udi
ngnat
ure,
locat
ion,
size
andqual
i
tyofcompet
it
ioni
ncer
tai
ntr
adear
ea.
Ther
ear
eot
heri
mpor
tantf
act
orswhi
char
econsi
der
edi
nsel
ect
ing
pl
antl
ocat
ionso t
hati
tgi
vest
hemostsui
tabl
elocat
ion.Those
f
act
orsar
e:
c.Logi
sti
cofr
awmat
eri
alst
othepl
antandt
hepr
oductt
othemar
ket
,
whi
chi
ncl
udest
imeandt
ranspor
tat
ioncost
.
d.Saf
ety
,heal
th,
andsecur
it
yoft
hesel
ect
edl
ocat
ion
 e.Gov
ernmenti
nfl
uence.Apl
acewhi
chi
sneargov
erment
alwi
l
lgi
ves
bestaccesst
otakecar
elegal
aff
air
ssuchast
axr
eli
ef,
subsi
diesand
l
i
ber
izat
ion.But
,iti
sver
ydi
ff
icul
ttobui
l
dapl
antt
her
ebecauset
her
e
ar
esomer
est
ri
cti
onsf
orset
ti
ngupi
ndust
ri
esi
nur
banar
easf
or
pol
l
uti
oncont
rol
anddecent
ral
i
zat
ion.

Af
terconsi
der
ingt
hosef
act
ors,wedet
ermi
net
hatourpl
antl
ocat
ion
wi
l
lbel
ocat
edi
nJav
aInt
egr
atedI
ndust
ri
alandPor
tEst
ate,
Gresi
kJawa
Ti
mur
.Itgi
vessecur
emanuf
act
uri
ngact
ivi
ti
essuchasel
ect
ri
cal
,wat
er,
humanr
esour
ces,r
oadaccessandpor
taccess.Unf
ort
unat
ely
,because
t
he demand i
s hi
gh,t
he l
and pr
ice sur
roundi
ng Gr
esi
k ar
ea i
s qui
te
expensi
ve.PTRaxanaChemi
calI
ndonesi
apl
antl
ocat
ioni
slocat
edi
nJav
a
I
ntegr
atedI
ndust
ri
alandPor
tEst
ate(
JII
PE)
,Gr
esi
k,JawaTi
murwi
tht
he
av
ail
abl
espacear
ound1800ha.Thel
andpr
icer
eachest
heamountofRp
2,
200, m2 (
000/ www.
ji
i
pe.
com,AccessedApr
il9t
h,2019)
.Theadv
ant
ages
ofchoosi
ngt
hisl
ocat
ionar
easf
oll
ows.

a)Fl
ood-
fr
eear
ea.
b)Cl
ose t
o TolJakar
ta-
Cikampek-
Kopo-
Pal
i
manan-
Sur
abay
a-Gr
esi
k-
Many
ar
c)Cl
oset
oMany
arEst
ateHar
bour
.
d)Cl
oset
oDuduk,
Indr
o,andKandanganSt
ati
on.
e)Cl
oset
oGr
andEst
ateMar
inaHouses.
f
) Cl
oset
orawmat
eri
alAmoni
um Sul
fat
eFact
ory(
PTPet
roki
miaGr
esi
k)
Pr
oduct
ion650,
000t
on/
yearor2,
000t
on/
day
.
g)Locat
edatoneoff
amousi
ndust
ri
alar
ea(
JII
PE,
Gresi
k)
h)Tr
uckandt
ront
onaccess
i
) Wat
erTr
eat
ment
j
) Wast
eWat
erTr
eat
ment
k)PowerPl
ant
l
) GasPi
pel
i
neNet
wor
k
m)Fi
berOpt
icTel
ecomuni
cat
ionNet
wor
k
 n)Let
terpr
opi
etar
y

Fi
gur
e()shownPTRaxanaChemi
cal
Indonesi
alocat
ion.

Fi
gur
ePTRaxanaChemi
cal
Indonesi
a

l
ocat
ion
(
Sour
ce:Googl
eEar
th)

9 Pl
antLay
out
Pl
antl
ayouti
stheactofpl
anni
ngal
loft
hemanuf
act
uri
ngaspect
s.
Those aspect
sincl
udes machi
nes and t
hei
rut
il
it
ies,empl
oyee and
engi
neerwor
kst
ati
ons(
incl
ude cont
rolr
oom)
,cust
omerser
vice ar
eas
(
frontof
fi
ceandr
ecept
ioni
st)
,feeds(
mat
eri
alar
eas)
,wast
etr
eat
ment
pond,powersuppl
yroom,and f
low pat
ter
nsofmat
eri
alsand peopl
e
ar
ound.Theai
m ofdesi
gni
ngt
hepl
antl
ayoutofwi
tht
hei
rfaci
l
iti
esi
sto
cr
eat
easmoot
hfl
owofpr
oduct
ionpr
ocess.Ani
dealpl
antl
ayoutshoul
d
pr
ovi
de an opt
imum r
elat
ion bet
ween t
he pr
ocess out
put
,ar
ea,and
manuf
act
uri
ngpr
ocess.
Cor
r-
Cast
ormanuf
act
uri
ngpl
antconsi
stsoft
hreemai
nsect
ion;
the
f
ir
sti
sraw mat
eri
alst
orage,t
hesecondi
sbl
endi
ngandmi
xi
ngpr
ocess
andt
hel
astonei
spackagi
ngpr
ocess.Gener
all
ayoutoft
hepl
anned
f
act
orywi
l
lal
sodet
ermi
net
heef
fi
ciencyandmai
ntai
ntheav
ail
abi
l
ityof
t
hesuccesofani
ndust
ry.Whent
her
ear
enomi
stakesonaf
act
ory
,the
pr
oduct
ionofani
ndust
ryshoul
dpr
ogr
essnor
mal
l
y.
The2di
mensi
onpl
antl
ayoutPT.RaxanaChemi
calI
ndonesi
aisshownon
Fi
gur
e..
.
 CHAPTER4
CONCLUSI
ON

Basedont
hisr
epor
t,t
hef
oll
owi
ngar
esomeconcl
usi
onst
hatcoul
d
bet
aken:
1.I
nconceptgener
ati
on,70concept
sst
ressi
ngonmet
alt
reat
ment
compound t
ype,i
ngr
edi
ent
,and per
for
mance ar
e suggest
ed.
Conceptel
i
minat
ion pr
ocess f
il
tert
he conceptbased on t
he
compound concept
’sr
edundancy
,vagueness,and f
ool
i
shnessi
f
eachoft
hei
deasar
ecombi
ned,pr
oduci
ng20f
easi
bleconcept
sto
pr
oceedt
oscr
eeni
ngst
age.
2.Basedont
hecompoundconcept
’ssuggest
edef
fect
ivei
ninhi
bit
ing
cor
rosi
on,f
ast
-act
ing,pr
otect
iondur
ati
on,env
ironment
alr
egul
ator
y
compl
i
ance,
fabr
icat
ionease,
fabr
icat
ioncost
,andappl
i
cat
ionease
aspect
,pr
oductscr
eeni
ngpr
ocessf
il
ter
sint
oremai
ning8concept
s
t
hatmai
nlydi
ff
ersont
heper
for
mancev
alue.Theconcept
sar
e
r
ankedandobj
ect
ivel
yscor
edbasedoncor
respondi
ngcr
it
eri
aso
t
hatt
hebestconceptcanbedet
ermi
nedandt
est
edt
othemar
ket
.
Thef
inalconceptofpr
oductsuggest
edi
snat
ural
-basedf
ast
-act
ing
cor
rosi
oni
nhi
bit
orsol
uti
on.
3.I
nter
viewswi
th11engi
neer
ingpr
ofessi
onal
shav
ingoi
landgas
i
ndust
rybackgr
ound wer
e done t
otestmar
keti
nter
esti
nthe
suggest
edpr
oduct
.Asmuchas73%r
espondent
sar
eint
erest
edi
n
t
hedev
elopmentofsuggest
edpr
oductandconsi
derofpur
chasi
ng
i
t.
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