Introduction

Earthquake engineering concerns three aspects:

- Ground motion
- Structural behaviour
- Earthquake resisting design

Educational value = can be checked out by earthquake action, hence we need to learn from practice

Causes of collapse:

Intensity map: given in contour, made by government authority

Intensity indicating the possible damage of the building

Mistake in Taiwan earthquake map: one magnitude for one earthquake, it should be independent of
the location. The map might perhaps show intensity instead. It also describes human feeling. The
further the distance from the central of the earthquake, the less the intensity.

It is not possible to annul the possibility of large earthquake

Mexico  Many soft soil condition, earthquake resisting design is more immense

Technology has yet to be on the level where it can predict earthquake

Earthquake Resisting Distance Philosophy

Safety: Stress should not be larger than allowable stress, otherwise the structure will fail
Stiffness: The ability of structure to resist deformation
Ductility: Structural ability to deform